1、七年级上册重点语法总结1、名词的数和格 （1）名词的单复数：名词分可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有复数形式。可数名词复数的构成有如下规则： 一般加-s，如：deskdesks s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es，如：busbuses, watchwatches 以 f, fe结尾，改f, fe为v，再加-es，如：leafleaves 以“辅音字母y”结尾，改y为i，再加-es，如citycities 以“辅音字母o”结尾，加-es，如：tomato tomatoes 一般复合名词，只将主体名词变复数，如： boy studentboy students 以 man, woman开头和结尾的
2、复合名词，规则不同： FrenchmanFrenchmen, woman teacherwomen teachers 不规则变化： footfeet, childchildren 单、复数同形的情况：sheepsheep, ChineseChinese（中国人） 只有复数形式的情况： people, clothes, trousers （2）名词所有格 英语中有些名词加“s”表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有如下规则： 有生命的名词一般加“s”构成，以s结尾的复数名词加“”。 Toms bike the students bag 无生命的名词一般用“所有物of
3、所有者”。 a map of Japan 一幅日本地图 the name of the school 学校的名字 但请注意下列说法的不同含义： a picture of Lucy和a picture of Lucys虽然它们都是“露茜的相片”的意思，但含义不同：a picture of Lucy指相片上的人是露茜，而a picture of Lucys指相片属于露茜，但相片上的人不一定是露茜本人。并列的名词表各自所有，须在各词词尾分别加“s”；表共同所有，须在后一个名词词尾加“s”。 Tom and Jacks car 汤姆和杰克的小汽车（两人合用） Toms and Jacks cars 汤
4、姆和杰克的小汽车（两人各有一辆） 2、代词代词分3种：指示代词，物主代词，人称代词 （1）指示代词：this（这个），that（那个），these（那些）, those（那些） 当指示代词放在问句中时，它的答语用代词 it和they来代替它们。 e.g. Whats this? Its an apple. 这是什么？这是苹果。 Is that a pear? No, it isnt. 那是梨子吗？不是。 What are these? Theyre fruits. 这些是什么？水果。 Are those your books? Yes, they are. 那些是你的书吗？是的。 this不能
5、与is缩写。 （2）人称代词：分主格和宾格 人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作及物动词或介词的宾语。因此判断何时用主格，何时用宾格，只需判断它在句中是作主语还是作宾语。 （3）物主代词：分形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词，在句中作定语用，后面一定要接名词。 e.g. This is my pen. 这是我的钢笔。 名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，在句中作主语、表语，能单独使用。 e.g. Yours is new. This old bag is mine. 你的书包是新的，这个旧书包是我的。 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词之间的关系： 名词性物主代词 =相应
6、的形容词性物主代词名词。如： This is my bike. That is yours. （yours= your bike） 3、介词及介词短语（1）本册书已出现的介词有： at在 at home在家 behind在后面 behind the door 在门后面 next to 在旁边 next to my house 在我家旁边in front of 在前面 Tom is in front of Lucy 汤姆在露西的旁边beside在旁边beside the desk 在桌子旁边 from从到from Wuhan to Beijing 从武汉到北京 in 在里面；用 in the d
7、esk 在桌子里 in English用英语 like像；跟一样like this像这个 near 在附近near the lake 在湖的附近 of 的a map of China 一幅中国地图 on在上面on the chair 在椅子上 to（表示方向）到，走go to school 上学 under在下面under the tree 在树下面 between and 在之间between Lucy and Lily 在露西和莉莉之间 （2）介词短语 In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night, at weeken
8、ds, in 2008. On + 星期/ 具体的日子 如: on Monday, on September, 1st. on the morning of September, 1st. on a cold winter day 2、there be 句型（1）there be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人。 （2）各种句型结构： 肯定句： Therebe （is/are） 某物/某人地点/时间。 否定句： Therebe（is/are）not某物/某人地点/时间。 一般疑问句： Be（Is/Are）there某物/某人地点/时间？ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 be（is/are）the
9、re其它？ e.g. There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。 否定句： There isnt a pencil on the desk. 桌子上没有铅笔。 一般疑问句： Is there a pencil on the desk? 桌子上有铅笔吗？ 特殊疑问句（划线部分提问）： Whats on the desk? 桌子上有什么？ 注意： There be后面所接的某物有多个时，谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定，即就近原则。 e.g. There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my
10、desk. 我的桌子上有一支钢笔，一个铅笔盒和一些书。 There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk. 3、have / has用法小结 动词have作为有使用时，表示某人(物)有用于第一、二人称单数I、you和复数主语，其单数第三人称形式为has，用于第三人称单数he、she、it和单数主语。肯定句：主语have / has宾语。例如：1I have an English book.2Lily has a dog.3They have many friends.4. 一般现在时的用法总结（1）一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性或
11、习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. (2) 句子结构A. 当主语是三单时 肯定句: 主语+动词s/es+其他 否定句: 主语+ doesnt+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句:Does + 主语+动词原形+其他B. 当主语是非三三单时 肯定句: 主语+动词原形+其
12、他 否定句: 主语+ dont+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句: Do+ 主语+动词原形+其他如: lilei often watches TV at six oclock.I often watch TV at six oclock.5. 常见动词用法like doing sth.（喜欢做某事） enjoy doing sth. （喜欢做某事）let sb do sth. （让某人做某事） thanks for doing sth. （感谢）be busy doing sth.（忙于做某事） want to do sth. （想要做某事）need to do sth. （需要做某事） how /
13、 what about doing sth. （做某事怎么样）would you like to do? （你愿意或想要做某事吗？） ask sb. to do sth .(叫某人做某事) invite sb. to （邀请某人到）send sb. sth. / send sth. to sb.（给某人发送/寄某物）make sb. sth. / make sth. for sb. （制作某物给某人）初一上总复习 (一)重点词组Module 1听音乐_ 玩儿电脑游戏_踢足球 _ 看电视_读书_ 最喜欢的运动_来自 _ 写在黑板上 _Module 2打篮球 _ 骑自行车_骑马_ 弹钢琴 _说中文
14、 _ 喜欢游泳 _Module 3在的前面 _ 相邻的 _-在门后面 _ Module 4多少 _ 为.而感谢 _Module 6去看电影 _ 一个好主意 _-想要 _ 在星期三 _上课 _ Module 7.怎么样 _ 在8点钟 _我最喜欢的课 _ 吃晚饭_-上床睡觉 _ 起床早 _-和谈话 _ 休息 _谈论 _ 做家务_-Module 8制作蛋糕 _ 举行晚会 _Module 9 在森林中 _ 保持健康 _-给某人某物 _Module 10 首先 _ 最后 _发送电子邮件 _ 在互联网上 _上网 _ 制定计划 _-在工作 _ 给某人写信 _-四、句型复习1、祈使句 （1）它用来表示请求、命
15、令等。Come in, please. 请进。 （2）肯定句结构是：动词原形其它 e.g. Stand up, please 请站起来。 否定句结构是： Dont 动词原形其它 e.g. Dont stand up. 不要站起来。 练习 (基础)1、Jim and I _ in Class 5. Ais Bare Cam 2、This is a mouse. _ name is Mickey. AIt BItsCIts 3、_ ! Is this your cup? ASorryBExcuse me CHello 4、What are these? They are _. AbusesBbox
16、s Cbananas trees 5、Is Sam _? No, hes _ school. Ain, in Bin, atCat, in 6、Is it _ Chinese book? No, its _ English book. Aa, a Ban, a Ca, an 7、Whose hat is this? It _ yours, Meimei. Alook atBlooks like Clook afterDlook the same 8、Whose room is this? Its _. Theyre in the same room. Athe twins Bthe twin
17、brothers Cthe twins Dthe twins sisters 9、A： Lets go home now. B： _. Lets go. AAll right BThats all right CYoure rightDThats right 10、Its time to get up. Look at the new coat . _. Mike. APut it onBPut on them CPut on it DPut them on 11、There _ a computer and two desks in the room. Ahas Bis Care Dhave
18、 12、Tim is before me and Jim is behind me. I sit _them. AbesideBbetween CnearDin 13、The girl _ a red coat is my sister. AwearBis wearing CinDon 14、Can you help him mend the car? _ AYes, please.BNo, thanks. CI think so. DCertainly. I think so. 15. - What are you going to do _ Sunday evening? - Nothin
19、g much. A. in B. at C. on D. to16. Johnson is sitting _ the sun and listening to CDs. A. under B. on C. by D. in17. Everyone in my office _ a small car. A. have B. are having C. has D. will had18. - _ is the river? - Its about 1,700 kilometres.A. How far B. How tall C. How many D. How long19. Most c
20、hildren enjoy _ in summer. A. to swim B. swimming C. swim D. swimmer20. Do you want _ some sightseeing at Christmas? A. to do B. doing C. do D. to doing 21. I want to drink _ water. Is there _ water in the glass? A. some, someB. some, anyC. any, anyD. any, some22. Look! There _ some sheep near the r
21、iver.A. is B. areC. have D. see23. Mother and father worry _ my study all the timeA. with B. aboutC. inD. to24. In our school, one of the girls _ English, _ Chinese. A. are, all other girls areB. is, other are C. are, the all others areD. is, all the others are25. I have no time _ home for lunch.A.
22、goB. goingC. to goD. to go to2 6. My sister would _ a glass of milk. A. to likeB. like toC. likesD. like2 7. How many _ do you want? A. breadB. pieces of breadC. piece of breadD. a piece of bread28. Kate _ her mother. She _ swimming very much, but her mother doesnt. A. doesnt like, is likesB. isnt l
23、ike, likes C. doesnt like, is likeD. isnt like, is like2 9. Im not good at _, but Jim is. A. play basketball B. to play basketball C. playing basketball D. playing the basketball 30. Would you like to come to meet my family? _. A. Yes, Id like.B. Yes, Id like to. C. No, I wouldnt like. D. No, please
24、.31. Could you give me _ of your bread?A. any B. manyC. otherD. some 32. Put _, please. You must _ your things.A. away them, look afterB. them away, look afterC. away them, have a look atD. them away, look at33. There are so many red apples _ the tree. But now, Mike is _ the tree.A. in, in B. in, on
25、C. on, onD. on, in34. I want _ take the clothes _ my bedroom. A. to, toB. to, inC. /, toD. /, in 35. Is that a UFO or a plane?_ .A. Yes, it is a UFO. B. Yes, its plane C .No, its not UFO D. It is a UFO.36.Students in Class One pay 210Yuan _ these gifts. A.to B.at C.for D.on37. What was Jay doing _ 9
26、 a.m. yesterday? A. in B .at C .on D.for38. What about _ a picnic? A.have B.to have C.having D.had39Can I help you? -Yes,I d like five _and some peas.A. potato B. tomatoes C. meat D. banana40.Nine _ pounds a week?Thats very good. A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.hundreds D. hundred.41.Many children like
27、 to read the book Harry Potter. -Thats right. Theres _in it.A. something interesting B.interesting somethingC.nothing interesting D.interesting nothing42. Tom is in _.A. Class One B. Class one C. class one D. the Class One43. _ are my good friends.A.You and him B.You and he C.Him and you D. His and
28、you 44. His name is John Smith. We can call him _. A. Mr. John B. Mr. Smith C. Mr. John White D. Miss Smith45. _ name is Sue. _ is a girl from Canada. A. His, he B. Her, Shes C. She, Her D. Her, She46.Lingling can play _ basketball and play _ piano.A. the, the B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /47. What are
29、 your _ jobs?A. parents B. parents C. parent D. parents48. Mary with her sisters _ in Beijing.A. are B. am C. is D. be49. _ father _ a policeman.A. My, is B. I, is C. Im , are D. My, are50. Where are the trees? They are _ the house. A. in front of B. on C. under D. next51. Have you got _ sisters? A.
30、 some B. any C. a D. an52. Thank you _ your email. A. to B. at C. for D. of53. Whats in the room? - There a bed, a table and a piano in it.A. is B. are C. have D. has54. Thank you for _ _ to me.A.write B.to write C.writing D. writes55. - _ the dining hall? - It is in front of the red building.A.Wher
31、es B.Whats C.Hows D. Whos56. Ive got a brother and a sister. _ _ names are Lucy and Jim.A. They B. Their C. He D. She57. -Is your friend from America or England? - _ .A.Yes, he is. B.No, he isnt. C. He is from America D. He isnt from America.58. Is there any on the table? - Yes, there is some.A. com
32、puters B. oranges C. books D. meat59. Whose pens are these? They are _ .A.you and me B.Helen C.her D. Toms60. Are there any factories in the city? Yes, there is _ near the hospital.A. it B. them C. one D. ones61. - How many students _ _ in your school? About 1000. A. there are B. are there C. is the
33、re D. there is62. Three of us must stay here, _, and .A.I, he, you B.you, he, I C.you, I, he D. you, he, me63. What do you usually do_Saturday evening,? A in B on C at D to64. I usually_ books in the morning. A.look B.read C.watch D.see65. Mr Green is _ father. A. Jim and Kate B. Jims and Kates C. J
34、ims and Kate D. Jim and Kates66. -Do you want to play_ tennis? -Yes, I _.A.a,want B.the, do C.an, does D. /,do 67.Can I _the window? Its cold here. A. open B. close C. look at D. see68. Do you want to_English with me? A.ask B.speak C.talk D.say69._-your friend in Class1_ in Class2? A. Is, and B. Is, or C. Are, an D. Are, or70. He would like_ some bread. A. to eat B. to drink C.have D. eat71 -What does your father do? -
