1、1阅读理解阅读理解2高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度；、理解作者的意图和态度；7 7
2、、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。3主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类因此有关阅读理解题目主要因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种：有以下四种：推推 理理 判判 断断 型型4阅读理解专题-推理判断题5 6 1.Question forms:It can be inferred from the text that .From the text we know that is most likely .When the writer
3、 talks about,what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that .The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage 这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1).全面分析全面分析 2).忠实原文忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息71.Question forms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought
4、that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。81.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy,not cryingholding back tears of anger,pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的)health.Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood p
5、ressure,heart problems and some other illnesses.If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry.But when you feel like crying,dont fight it.Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应).（2分钟）According to the author,which of the following statements is true?A.Crying is the bes
6、t way to get help from others.B.Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C.We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D.We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.92.Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder,bribery(行贿)，and death.Frankly，Im sick of a
7、ll the bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform10说明文中作者的态度:objective neutral在议论文中，有：(1)positive (2)negative(3)neutral (4)approval(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)ironic (8)critical(9)optimistic (10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的赞成的不赞成的乐观的悲观
8、的Taking notes:中立的积极的讽刺的批评的中立的111.Question forms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的考查整篇文章的写作目的A.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B.What is the purpose of writing this article?C.In writing the passage,the author intends to _.12(2)考查某处细节的写作意图考查某处细节的写作意图A.The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B.Th
9、e writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C.are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.132.常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。to make people lau
10、gh;to tell an interesting experience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。to sell a product or a service;to attract more visitors/readers/audience多见于多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章.141.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy
11、 as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.（1.5分钟）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A.test the readers knowledge about waves B.draw the readers attentio
12、n to the topic C.show Jamie Taylors importance D.invite the readers to answer them152.A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa,a nearby village.They lived with the mans big family-his parents,his brothers,their wives and children.The family kept an elephant,
13、in which the young woman soon took a great interest.Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents home,having quarreled with her husband.Soon the elephant refused to eat or work.It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.One morning after several weeks t
14、he animal disappeared from the house.It went to the womans home.On seeing her,the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.（3分钟）分钟）The writer wrote the story in order to_.A.show that elephants are ve
15、ry clever B.tell how a woman trained a wild animal C.show that women care more for animals than men do D.tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife16 1.Question forms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _
16、.172.解题技巧解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容内容或结构结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称(2)广告广告 ：因其格式特殊，容易辨认(3)产品说明：产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等 181.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and s
17、ee if you understand them.To reduce pain,take two tablets(药片)with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓解疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old,give half
18、the amount(量).For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _.（2分钟）A.textbook B.newsreel(新闻片)C.doctors notebook D.bottle of medicine192.More than 30,000 dri
19、vers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）（受伤）each year.At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window.Wearing a seat belt（安全带）（安全带）saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.Therefore drivers or f
20、ront seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt.If you do not,you could be fined up to$50.It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt.But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are
21、 wearing seat belt of some kind.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）（发送）or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.Make sure these circumstan
22、ces（情形）（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.（3分钟）分钟）This text is taken from _.A.a medical magazine B.a police report C.an adve
23、rtisement（广告）（广告）D.a government information booklet （小册子）（小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to$50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police report202.解题技巧解题技巧推测下文下文的内容：根据作者的思路作者的思路进行推理推测上文上文的内容：关注第一段关注第一段，特别是文段 开始的几句话。1)推断上下文内容推
24、断上下文内容1.Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.21 When early humans hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did.Wh
25、en humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of altering their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees,causing the trees to die.Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals
26、that humans fed upon.This development led to farming and the domestication of animals.Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible.Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to fo
27、llow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.（3分钟）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urbanization（城市化）222.解题技巧：解题技巧：按段落的组织方法段落的组织方法理解文章结构按写作方法（论证方法）写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构2)推断篇章组织结构推断篇章组织结构1.Question forms:Which of the following best shows t
28、he structure of the passage?How is the passage organized?231.1.推断隐含意义推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。必须吃透相关文段的意思。2.2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。3.3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。及文章的中心思想。4.4.推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最
29、后一段的段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最后一段的内容内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。尤其是最后的两三句话。总结总结24细节题解题技巧细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧：（1）关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以
30、在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First，Next，Finally等等。25 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s，I always wanted to fly a plane，but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that.I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride
31、in a hot air balloon for my birthday.（2011年高考英语北京A篇）What happened to the author in 2011？A.She flew an airplaneB.She entered a competitionC.She went on a hot air balloon rideD.She moved into a retirement community解析：此题属典型细节题，通过题干中的时间in 2011不难定位到文中粗体字部分，很容易可以锁定正解为C。26（2）同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是
32、指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。27He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones.He wants someone to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out，exploring the best ways to report it.He w
33、ants to be more valuable for your paper.What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks？A.Finding the news value of his stories.B.Giving him financial support.C.Helping him to find issues.D.Improving his good ideas.解析：此题属细节题，定位方式为同义定位法。题干中的talks和文章中conversations对应，而want most和longs f
34、or对应，这样不难得出答案为D。小结：在阅读中，精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是需要在做题的过程中有意识的培养的，做题的技巧也是可以总结的，关键是要自觉培养这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及能力。28主旨大意题解题技巧主旨大意题解题技巧Topic/Title型型-使用逆推法使用逆推法（1）要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系选项是否与文章主题有密切联系（2）再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何面如何（3）要注意题目是否过大或者过小要注意题目是否过大或者过小（4）要避免下列三种错误要避免下列三种错误概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）范围过小）过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。29 结束语当你尽了自己的最大努力时，失败也是伟大的，所以不要放弃，坚持就是正确的。When You Do Your Best,Failure Is Great,So DonT Give Up,Stick To The End30谢谢大家荣幸这一路，与你同行ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way演讲人：XXXXXX 时 间：XX年XX月XX日
