1、时态时态一、定义：一、定义：在英语中，在英语中，发生的发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表动作要用不同的动词形式来表 示，这每一种不同的形式就叫做时态。示，这每一种不同的形式就叫做时态。不同时间不同时间二、时态的种类：初中常见的时态的种类：初中常见的9种时态种时态现在范畴过去范畴一般现在时态一般过去时态现在进行时态过去进行时态现在完成时态过去完成时态一般将来时态过去将来时态现在完成进行时态Exercise 1.Who _(dance)best in your class?2.Students usually _(have)ten minutes rest between two classes.d
2、anceshave概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：1.一般现在时态一般现在时态(The Simple Present Tense)表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或状态。状态。do /does(三单三单)every day,always,usually,often,sometimes,on Sundays,three times a day,etc我一到达那儿，就会给你写信。我一到达那儿，就会给你写信。一般现在时的注意点一般现在时的注意点:1、表客观事实或普遍真理、表客观事实或普遍真理The earth _(go)round the sun.2、
3、在在when,as soon as,until,after,before等到引导的时间状语从句和等到引导的时间状语从句和if 引导引导的条件状语的条件状语从句中从句中,用一般现在时表示将来用一般现在时表示将来.If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go on a picnic.goes如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。如果明天不下雨，我们将去野营。Ill write to you as soon as I get there.Exercise 1.I _(find)my ruler in my desk .found2.We and _(see)lots of birds
4、 _(fly)over the trees.flyingsawfive minutes agolooked up概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：2.一般过去时态一般过去时态(The Simple Past Tense)表示过去某个时间发生的动表示过去某个时间发生的动 作或存在的状态作或存在的状态V+edyesterday,just now,last,this morning,ago,etc一般过去时的注意点一般过去时的注意点:1、当没有明显的时间状语时、当没有明显的时间状语时,描描述几个相继发生过的动作述几个相继发生过的动作I always got up too late
5、,washed my face,had a quick breakfast and hurried to school.2、since从句中常用一般过去时从句中常用一般过去时You havent changed much since we last _(meet).metExercise will beThe radio says that it _(be)sunny tomorrow.概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态在的状态tomorrow,in three days，this,next,soon,
6、etc.1.will+do/be2.am/is/are going to+do3.am/is/are +doing 3.一般将来时态一般将来时态(The Simple Future Tense)Look at the dark clouds,it _rain.Tomorrow _ be April Fools Day.一般将来时的注意点一般将来时的注意点:willis going to 4.过去将来时态1.My uncle told me that my aunt was going to have a child the next month.2.My friends told me tha
7、t they would have a great party for me.3.They would trek through the jungle the next day.过去将来时态用法：1.用于宾语从句中，当主句中是过去时态时，从句中的一般将来时就变成过去将来时。2.立足于过去言将来；(2008台州中考台州中考)-Hi,Mary.Where is your father?-Look,He _his car over there.A.washes B.is washing C.will wash D.has been washedExercise 5.现在进行时态现在进行时态(The
8、Present Continuous Tense)概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作构成形式构成形式：现在进行时现在进行时的注意点的注意点:(2008衢州中考衢州中考)-Why didnt you come and open the door for me,dear?-Sorry,Jack.I _ in the kitchen and didnt hear you.A.was cooking B.am cooking C.wave cooked D.will cookExercise 概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成
9、形式：6.过去进行时态过去进行时态(The Past Continuous Tense)表示过去某一时刻或某一时间表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段段正在正在发生的动作。发生的动作。was/were+doinga.at this time yesterday,from seven to nine last night,at that moment,etcb.When引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句I was reading a book when Jim called.c.While 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句The UFO took off while the man was tak
10、ing photos.过去进行时的注意点过去进行时的注意点:在在when,while引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句中中,表示主从句中两个动作同时发生表示主从句中两个动作同时发生时时,用过去进行时表示用过去进行时表示 .1.When my father got home,I _ a letter to my friend.(2008宁波中考宁波中考)A.write B.am writing C.wrote D.was writing2._Jim was making a paper plane,his brother was doing homework.(对比）对比）While较长的动作
11、较长的动作Exercise 1.He _(finish)writing the book,hasnt he?has finished 2.(2008绍兴中考绍兴中考)-You seem to know much about the city.-Thats true.I _ it three times.A.visited B.had visited C.have visited D.will visitA.概念概念：构成形式构成形式：7.现在完成时态现在完成时态(The Present Perfect Tense)发生在过去且对现在仍有影响发生在过去且对现在仍有影响 的动作的动作,强调对现在的
12、影响强调对现在的影响.have/has+done1.Can you go to the movies with me tonight?Sorry,I cant.I havent finished my homework yet.2.-I have learned how to make dumplings before.I can teach you how to make them.-Great!When did you learn it?-I learned it when I was 8 years old.常用时间状语常用时间状语：already,just,before,yet,nev
13、er,ever,etc.B.1.表示某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能表示某个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能在将来还要延续。在将来还要延续。2.主语主语+has/have+done+for/since I have taught English for 21 years.since 1992 since I graduated from the university.He has been away from his home for 40 years.3.动词必须动词必须为可延续性动词为可延续性动词leave=be away from begin=be on arrive=be
14、inborrow=keep buy=have C.1.Has/have+been to(曾经到过某地曾经到过某地，人已回，人已回来来)I have been to Hangzhou many times.2.Has/have+gone to(去了某地去了某地，人在路上或在目，人在路上或在目的地）的地）Where is Mr.Green?He has gone to London.现在完成时的注意点现在完成时的注意点:1.have been to,have been in 和和 have gone to 的区别的区别 2.短暂性动词和持续性动词短暂性动词和持续性动词 1).Tom _never_
15、 to America2).-Is Tina at home?-Sorry,she _ Shanxi,and she _there for three days.译下列句子：译下列句子：、这本书他买了一年了、这本书他买了一年了 4、这本书他借了三天了。这本书他借了三天了。5、我们离开广州六年了。、我们离开广州六年了。He has bought this book for a year.He has had this book for a year.He has borrowed the book for three days.He has kept the book for 3 days.We
16、 Guangzhou for 6 years.We Guangzhou for 6 years.短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用连用,必须转变成持续性动词必须转变成持续性动词D.常见句型常见句型It is+一段时间一段时间+since 从句从句(一般过去时一般过去时).It is three days since they borrowed that book.Exercise had hadShe told me that she_(have)this bike for three years.概念概念：常用时间状语常用时间状语：构成形式构成形式：8.
17、8.过去完成时过去完成时:(The Past PerfectTense):(The Past PerfectTense)主语主语+had doneby the end of last year,by,before+过去的时过去的时间点；由间点；由when,before,after,by the time等等引导的状语丛句中，表示主句的动作发生在引导的状语丛句中，表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。从句之前。表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的表示在过去某一时刻前已完成的动作。也称动作。也称“过去的过去过去的过去”过去完成时的注意点过去完成时的注意点:用于用于宾词从句宾词从句中，当主句的谓语动词中，当主句的谓
18、语动词是一般过去时时是一般过去时时,一定要注意宾语从句一定要注意宾语从句中的时态变化。中的时态变化。He said that he _the film many times.had seen9.现在完成进行时态S+has/have being+doneWe have being learned English for an hour.Exercise 1.The volleyball match will be put off if it .A .will rain B.rains C.rained D.is raining 2.-Do you want to see the film“Har
19、ry Potter”?-The film“Harry Potter”?I _ it.Its very wonderful.(2008黄岗中考黄岗中考)A.see B.have seen C.was seeing D.has seen3.The boy _(not swim)in the river yet.hasnt swum5.-Where is Liu Mei?-She_(go)home.4.-Where is your father?-He _(watch)TV in the room.7.He asked what they_(do)at eight last night.were d
20、oing8.I know that he _(join)the army in1985.joined6.We dont know if it _(rain)tomorrow.If it _(rain)tomorrow,well not go for a picnic.is watchingwill rainrainshas gone9.Hes not hungry.He_ just_(have)lunch.11.-_the Blacks _(visit)the Great Wall before?-Yes,they_.-When _they _(visit)it?-Only a month a
21、go.10.Im sure he _(work)it out in one hour.has will workHave had visited havedid visit 12.He_(look)out of the window when the match_(begin).was lookingbegan名称名称标志词标志词动词形式动词形式 一般现在时一般现在时every day,often always,sometimes,usually1.be 2.v.原形原形 3.v.-s/es(第第三人称单数三人称单数)一般过去时一般过去时yesterday,just now,ago,last
22、week1.v.-ed(规则动词规则动词)2.不规则动词不规则动词 现在进行时现在进行时now,Listen!Look!am/is/are+v.-ing(现在分词）现在分词）过去进行时过去进行时at this/that time yesterday,at ten yesterday morningWhen/Whilewas/were+v.-ing（现在分现在分词）词）(参见参见复习指导复习指导P4146)名称名称 标志词标志词动词形式动词形式 一般将来时一般将来时tomorrow,next year1.will/shall+v.原形原形2.am/is/are+going to+v.原形原形过去
23、将来时过去将来时1.would+v.原形原形2.was/were+going to+v.原形原形 现在完成时现在完成时already,yet,ever,never,just,so far,sincehave/has+V.过去分词过去分词过去完成时过去完成时by the time,when,beforehad+V.过去分词过去分词专项突破：专项突破：1,慧眼识别慧眼识别标志词标志词Eg.()1，-Shall we go shopping now?-Sorry,I cant.I _ my shirts.A,wash B,washes C,am washing D,washed.()2,“Hero”
24、is a wonderful movie.I _ it twice already.A,will see B,see C,saw D,have seen.特别提醒特别提醒：敏锐捕捉时间敏锐捕捉时间标志词标志词，并结合具体的，并结合具体的语境语境，选，选择出正确的动词时态，是解决此类问题的良策。请同学们择出正确的动词时态，是解决此类问题的良策。请同学们熟记各种常用时态所对应的时间状语及标志词。熟记各种常用时态所对应的时间状语及标志词。CD2，主从时态主从时态须呼应须呼应 如果所给的题干是主从复合句，可根据主从时态呼应如果所给的题干是主从复合句，可根据主从时态呼应原则确定正确的时态原则确定正确的时
25、态Eg.()1，I _ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A,will return B,returned C,have returned D,return()2,-Did you see Tom at the party?-No,he _ by the time I got there.A,left B,was leaving C,had left D,has left特别提醒：特别提醒：近年来中考试题在考查主从句的时态呼应时，近年来中考试题在考查主从句的时态呼应时，常将其放在实际的常将其放在实际的语境语境中考查。在解题时，希望同学们中考查。在解题
26、时，希望同学们 把握好主从复合句的用法。把握好主从复合句的用法。AC3，瞻前顾后巧搭配，瞻前顾后巧搭配利用利用上下文上下文所提供的信息，瞻前顾后，选择正确的所提供的信息，瞻前顾后，选择正确的动词形式。动词形式。Eg.()1，-How was your weekend on the farm?-Great!We _ with the farmer.A,enjoy ourselves.B,went fishing C,will work D,make friends 这种情况也非常适用这种情况也非常适用“用所给词适当形式填空用所给词适当形式填空”中。中。2,-What are you doing,
27、Jim?-I _(draw)a beautiful horse.3,I _(hear)a sound and got up.Bam drawingheard4，细心体会用细心体会用语境语境近年来各地中考对动词时态考查的要求越来越高，有的近年来各地中考对动词时态考查的要求越来越高，有的趋向于不出现时间状语，而向情景化、实际化方向发展。趋向于不出现时间状语，而向情景化、实际化方向发展。因此，细心体会所给的因此，细心体会所给的语境语境，根据具体的语境来选择合，根据具体的语境来选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题。Eg.()1,-Tom,_ you _ smoking?-Yes.Now drinking tea is my favorite.A,will,stop B,did,stop C,would stop D,have stopped.()2,-Youve left the light on.-Oh,sorry._ and turn it off.A,Ive gone B,Ill go C,I went D,Im going.DB
