1、Grammar Noun Clauses名词性从句名词性从句Noun Clausessubjective clause主语从句主语从句objective clause宾语从句宾语从句predicative clause表语从句表语从句appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。同位语从句。1.What it was to become was a my
2、stery.2.I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词 连接词连接词 that：无实义，不充当从句的任何成分无实义，不充当从句的任何成分;从句完整；从句完整；除部分宾语从句可省略，其他名词性从句中均除部分宾语
3、从句可省略，其他名词性从句中均 不可省略不可省略;不可以与不可以与whichwhich（哪个）互换。（哪个）互换。e.g.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.Which team will win the match is unknown.2.连接词连接词 whether,if：引导名词性从句都意为引导名词性从句都意为“是否是否”。在宾语从。在宾语从句中有时可互换。但介词后用句中有时可互换。但介词后用whether引导引导 或或whether or not。在主语从句，表语从句在主语从句，表语从句,同位语从句中不能用同位语从
4、句中不能用if.e.g.He didnt know whether he was ready or not.3.连接代词连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which（哪个）：（哪个）：不仅起到连接一个句子的作用不仅起到连接一个句子的作用,同时也是从句同时也是从句的一个组成部分；从句不完整，缺成份。的一个组成部分；从句不完整，缺成份。e.g.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.4.连接副词连接副词:when,where,how,why 从句完整，有疑问从句完整，有疑问 e.g.I wonder why
5、he was absent.5.连词连词 as if,because 只用在表语从句中。只用在表语从句中。e.g.That is because he was ill.1.宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以可以 作作动词动词的宾语，也可以作的宾语，也可以作介词介词或或形容词形容词 的宾语的宾语。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语e.g.She did not know _ had happened.动词间接宾语宾语从句动词间接宾语宾语从句e.g.She told me _ she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语作介
6、词的宾语e.g.Im interested in _ he did._ he did it.whatthatwhatwhy/when/how/whether.3.作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语e.g.I am afraid that Ive made a mistake.that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,certain,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,conte
7、nt 等。等。4.It 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾语补足语宾语补足语+that+宾语从句宾语从句常见的谓语动词是常见的谓语动词是 consider,find,make,regard,see,take,think.e.g.We find it necessary that we practise speaking English every day.宾语从句须注意宾语从句须注意1)由疑问词引导的从句中由疑问词引导的从句中,词序按陈述句词序按陈述句 顺序排列。顺序排列。e.g.I wonder what he is doing.注意：注意：I wonder wha
8、t was wrong/the matter with him.2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候,从句的从句的谓语动词应用相应的过去时。自然规律和客观谓语动词应用相应的过去时。自然规律和客观真理例外。真理例外。3)连词连词when 和和if 在名词性从句和状语从句中在名词性从句和状语从句中 的时态的时态 I wonder when he _(come)back.Ill tell him the truth when he _ (come)back.I wonder if he _(come)back.Ill tell him the truth if he _
9、(come)back.will come comeswill comecomes4)That在其他名词性从句中均不可省略，只有在其他名词性从句中均不可省略，只有在宾语从句中在宾语从句中that有时可以省略，但在并列有时可以省略，但在并列的宾语从句中第二个的宾语从句中第二个that 不可省略。不可省略。e.g.He said(that)he would leave and that he would never come back again.does it?They dont believe I am right,do they?5)否定的转移否定的转移若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为thin
10、k,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,等等,其后的宾语其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。e.g.I/we dont think this dress fits you Well,e.g.I suggested(that)he(should)take a good rest.Do you advise where she go for a trip in China?6)表示表示“建议建议”或或“命令命令”的词有的词有:sugges
11、t,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command,ask,advise等，它们的等，它们的宾语从句宾语从句用虚拟语气用虚拟语气,结构结构为为:+(that)+主语主语+(should)do(should 可省可省)。1一一What did your parents think about your decision?一一They always let me do_ I think I should A.when Bthat Chow Dwhat2.We havent settled the question of_it is necess
12、ary for him to study abroad A.if B.where Cwhether D.what DC2.表语从句表语从句表语从句在复合句中跟在系动词后起表语从句在复合句中跟在系动词后起表语作用。表语作用。e.g.He looks as if he was/were going to cry.注意：注意：1.如果引出表语从句的名词是一些如果引出表语从句的名词是一些表示表示“建议建议”或者是或者是“命令命令”之类的词如之类的词如advice,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等等,那么从句中的动词通常用那么从句中的动词通常用 主语主语+（sho
13、uld）+动词原形。动词原形。e.g.My advice is that he have a rest.2.句型：句型：This/That/It is because+表语从句表语从句3.The reason why is that+表语从句表语从句1.Tom is no longer _ he used to be.2.The question is _ of us should come first.3.The problem is _ is really fit for the hard job.4.The important thing is _ name should be put
14、on the top of the list.whatwhichwhowhose3.主语从句主语从句 1.1.主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it it 代替代替,而本身放在句子末尾。而本身放在句子末尾。e.g.That we need more equipment is obvious.or:It is obvious that we need more equipment.2.It 用作形式主语的句子常出现于下列句型中：用作形式主语的句子常出现于下列句型中：1)It is+adj.
15、+that(e.g.natural/strange etc.)2)It is+n.(e.g.a shame/pity,no wonder,a fact)+that 3)It is+said/reported/known/believed/suggested/proved+that4)It seems/appears that似乎似乎 It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurs to sb that某人突然想到（不好的事情）某人突然想到（不好的事情）3.3.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句的主谓一致 主语是名词性从句主语是名词性从句,动词通常用单数形式。动词通常用单数形式。e.g.Wha
16、t I am most interested in is what he did.但：但：What we need/want/like are more books.is a book.1._she was able to come made us happy.2._ seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.3._ it will please them is not easy to say.ThatWhatWhether4.同位语从句同位语从句通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容通常来说明前面的名词的具体内容,作这些名词作这些名词的同
17、位语。前面的名词常是的同位语。前面的名词常是:fact,news,idea,hope,wish,promise,truth,reason,suggestion,thought,question,doubt,conclusion,belief,fear,order,possibility,word(“消息消息”,为不可数为不可数名词名词,前面不加定冠词前面不加定冠词)。e.g.Word came that our team has won the match.同位语从句同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说与前面的名词是同位关系，即说 明它前面名词的内容；而明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句定语从句
18、与前面的与前面的 名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的 名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：The news that I have passed the exam is true (同位语从句同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面即从句所表达的意思就是前面 名词的内容名词的内容)The news that he told me just now is true(定语从句定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即即“他告诉我的他告诉我的”那个消息那个消息,而不是别的消息而不是别的消息)(that在从句中
19、不充当任何成份在从句中不充当任何成份)(that在从句中作在从句中作gave 的宾语的宾语)2.引导引导同位语从句同位语从句的的that是连词，在从句中不充当是连词，在从句中不充当 任何成份，不可省略。而引导任何成份，不可省略。而引导定语从句定语从句的的that是是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等，充当宾语时可省略。如：宾语或表语等，充当宾语时可省略。如：The idea that computers can recognize human voicessurprises many people.The idea（that
20、/which）he gave surprises many people连词连词“that”引导引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别引导从句引导从句that从句中的从句中的作用作用可否省略可否省略同位语从句同位语从句连接词连接词不担任成分不担任成分不省略不省略定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词主语和宾语主语和宾语作宾语作宾语时可省略时可省略1.I have no idea _ he is doing.2.I didnt agree with the idea _ he put forward.3.I have no idea _ he is going.what(Which/
21、that)when/how/why/where/whether 4.I have some doubt _ he is telling the truth.5.I have no doubt _ he is telling the truth.6.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class_he had to meet his uncle at the airport.whetherthatthat1.名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序陈述句语序)；2.几对重要关连词的区别几对重要关连词的区别:whetheri
22、f,whatthat,whatwhatever,whowhoever,etc;3.it 用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句 或宾语从句；或宾语从句；4.根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点高考考查热点根据例句根据例句,讨论：讨论：1)whether if 的区别的区别Please tell me_you will go to the lectures tomorrow.It all depends on _ the sky will clear up.The question is _ the film is well wo
23、rth seeing._ it is true remains a problem.whether/ifwhetherwhetherWhether2)whatthat的区别的区别1.I think _ it is necessary for me to speak louder.2.His mother is satisfied with _ he has done.3._ he was able to come made us happy.4.This is _makes us interested.5.The reason was _Tod had never seen the milli
24、on-pound note before.(that)whatThatwhatthat3)whowhoeverno matter who;whatwhatever no matter what的区别的区别1.will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.2.I believe takes part in the competition will try his best.3.Can you tell me you would like to order?4.happens,dont be surprised.5.All the food here
25、 is delicious.Just order _ you like.6.You must obey the rule _ you are.WhowhoeverwhatWhatever/No matter whatwhateverNo matter who/Whoever名词性从句名词性从句让步状语从让步状语从句句who whoeverno matter whowhatwhateverno matter what“谁谁”“的任的任何人何人”“什么，所什么，所的东西、事的东西、事情情”“的任何的任何东西东西”/“不论谁不论谁”/“无论什么无论什么”“不论谁不论谁”“的任何的任何东西东西”4)与
26、其他句型的一些区别与其他句型的一些区别 Mary is no longer the girl _ she used to be.2.Mary is no longer _ she used to be.3.Kunming is no longer the city _ it was ten years ago.4.Kunming is no longer _ it was ten years ago.5.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.6._ is needed is a supply of oil.whowhatwhich/thatwhatthatWha
27、t7.Make a mark _ you have any questions.8.Make a mark at the place _ you have any questions.9.When we first arrived in _ is now New District 20 years ago,the area was covered with grass.10.We arrived in the area _ is called New District.wherewhere/at whichwhatwhich/that11.It is known to all _ light travels in straight lines.12._ is known to all is _ light travels in straight lines.13._ is known to all,light travels in straight lines.thatWhatthatAs
