1、Module 5Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaGrammar1.Learn the attributive clauses.2.Practice using the grammatical points.Learning aims1.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.2.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.3.Confuciu
2、s is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.4.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.5.He came from a family which was very poor.Read the sentences below and study the underlined clauses.Leading-inGrammar 1Defining Attributive Clauses定语从句的种类定语从句的种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句和
3、非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定作用对先行词起修饰和限定作用,是不可缺少的是不可缺少的成分成分,没有了附加信息没有了附加信息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事,直接放在所限制名词的后面，在主句中作后置定语。直接放在所限制名词的后面，在主句中作后置定语。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去去,没有了附加信息没有了附加信息,我们仍能清楚知道谈论的是谁或是什么我们仍能清楚知道谈论的是谁或是什么事事,和主句用逗号隔开和主句用逗号隔开。定语从句的特点定语从句的特点:用来
4、修饰或限定一个名词用来修饰或限定一个名词,并放在名并放在名词之后。词之后。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用:1.引导定语从句引导定语从句,起引导词的作用。起引导词的作用。2.代替被修饰词。代替被修饰词。3.在从句中充当句子成分。在从句中充当句子成分。关系代词关系代词 that,which,who 在从句中作主语在从句中作主语/宾语宾语;whom作宾语作宾语;whose作定语。作定语。关系副词关系副词 where,when,why 在句中分别作地点状语在句中分别作地点状语,时间状语时间状语,原因状语。原因状语。功能和功能和作用作用代替人代替人代替物代替
5、物代替人代替人/物物从句主语从句主语whowhichthat 从句宾语从句宾语whomwhichthat从句定语从句定语whose=of whomwhose=of which.关系代词关系代词:1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前如介词提前则不能省则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to i
6、s Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Mr.Li.3.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如如介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder(which)he is using is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?He is
7、 the man(that)I told you about.注意注意:介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用which 而不能用而不能用that。4.that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from that you borrow books?from which=Please pass me the book the cover of which is torn.=Please pass me the book of which the cover
8、 is torn.5.whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。用来指人或物，只用作定语。若指物时，若指物时，它可以同它可以同of which互换，互换时为：互换，互换时为：The+n.+of which。例如：。例如：Please pass me the book whose cover is torn.1.The scientist which we met yesterday is very famous in the world._ 2.The dress what she is wearing is new._ 单句改错单句改错【即学即练即学即练】Which whom/who/that/
9、不填不填 what 不填不填/which/that 【名师点津名师点津】定语从句用关系代词引导时必须用定语从句用关系代词引导时必须用that的情况：的情况：1.当先行词为当先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.2.当先行词被当先行词被all,any,little等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.3.当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。当先行词被序数词或最高级
10、修饰时。This is the first book(that)he has read.4.当先行词被当先行词被the only，the very修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.5.当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。They are talking of persons and things(that)they remember in the school.不能用不能用that的情况的情况:引导非限制性定语从句时。引导非限制性定语从句时。当关系词前有介词时。当关系词前有介词时。The room in
11、which my family live changed a lot.【知识拓展知识拓展】1.one of+复数名词中复数名词中,关系代词引导的从句中的谓语关系代词引导的从句中的谓语动词用复数动词用复数,但如果但如果one前有前有the only,the exact等修饰等修饰时时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.This is the only one of questions that has been asked.2.as引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定
12、语从句当先行词前有当先行词前有the same,as,such等修饰时用等修饰时用as。I bought the same pen as he lost last night.(前后不是同一物体）前后不是同一物体）He is such an honest boy as we all appreciate.(前后是同一人）前后是同一人）关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中在从句中的作用的作用备注备注when(at/on/in/duringwhich)where(in/at which)why(for which)表时间的表时间的名词名词表地点表地点的名词的名词reason时间状语时间状语地点状语
13、地点状语原因状语原因状语stage,scene,point,situation,businessII.关系副词关系副词1.when当先行词是表示时间的名词（当先行词是表示时间的名词（year,month,day,night)，关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状，关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时，一般用语时，一般用 when 引导定语从句，也可以用介词引导定语从句，也可以用介词+which的结构。但应注意的是的结构。但应注意的是 which 前介词的选择应根前介词的选择应根据先行词而定。据先行词而定。e.g.:The day when he was born was Aug.20,
14、1998.The day on which he was born was Aug.20,1998.2.where当先行词是表示地点的名词当先行词是表示地点的名词(country,room,school)等，等，关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语时关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语时,一般一般用用where引导定语从句，也可以用介词引导定语从句，也可以用介词+which。e.g.:The desk where I put my bag is this.The desk on which I put my bag is this.3.why指原因，引导定语从句指原因，引导定语从句He
15、 cant give the reason why he likes watching TV.Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?1.Never forget the day _ we first met in the park.2.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.3.Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.4.This is the museum _ I visited last year.5.This is
16、the reason _(=for which)I didnt come here.6.The reason _ she gave was not true.whenwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/that用用when,where,why，that,which填空填空【即学即练即学即练】whywhich/that1.(2016北京北京高考高考)I live next door to a couple,_children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妻隔壁我住在一对夫妻隔壁,他们的孩子总是弄出很他们的孩子总是弄出很多多的的噪音噪音。【高考链
17、接】用适当的关系词填空。【高考链接】用适当的关系词填空。whose2.(2014湖南高考湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day,my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我一直盼望着这一天我一直盼望着这一天,我女儿能读到这我女儿能读到这本书并了解我对她的情感。本书并了解我对她的情感。when Grammar 2Defining attributive clauses:of whom,in whichprep.+which/whom objectWho is the boy with
18、whom you were talking a moment ago?=Who is the boy that/whom you were talking with a moment ago?The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist.=The book which/that I got a lot of useful information from was written by a famous scientist.1.It is the country in
19、 which silk was first invented.It is the country which silk was first invented in.2.He is a man of whom China can be proud.He is a man whom China can be proud of.小结：小结：先行词先行词+prep.+which/whom+主语主语+谓语谓语=先行词先行词+which/whom+主语主语+谓语谓语+prep.Do activities 3 and 4 on page 47.Keys to Activity 31.The man of w
20、hom I am thinking invented the first real clock.2.These are the leaves from which silk is made.3.He is a person of whom everyone has heard.4.This is the house in which the inventor lived.Keys to Activity 41.Were in the region in which printing was first invented.2.It is an invention of which he is v
21、ery proud.3.He is a man of whom I am afraid because he has invented something very dangerous.4.The machine at which you are looking is very old.5.Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?Summary of the grammar:关系代词前介词关系代词前介词(介词介词which)的确定的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 Is that the newspap
22、er _ which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配 Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _ which Im not sure?3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯1949 was the year _which the P.R.C.was founded.inofin1.This is the car _which I paid$100.2.This is the car _which I spent$100.3.This is
23、 the car _which I go to work every day.4.This is the car _ which I cant go to work.5.This is the car _which the old man was knocked down.6.This is the car _which a boy threw a stone.7.This is the car _ which we talked.8.This is the car _which the window was broken.foronbywithoutbyataboutof【即学即练即学即练】
24、Fill in the blanks.引导词引导词先行词先行词成分成分关关系系代代词词who 人人主语，宾语主语，宾语whom 人人 宾语宾语which 物物主语，宾语主语，宾语that人或物人或物主语，宾语主语，宾语whose人或物人或物 定语定语关关系系副副词词where (=介词介词+which)地点地点 状语状语when (=介词介词+which)时间时间 状语状语why (=for which)原因原因 状语状语【语法归纳语法归纳】1.（2015浙江高考）浙江高考）Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a
25、big challenge.A.as B.whose C.in which D.at which【解题关键】【解题关键】该定语从句的先行词是该定语从句的先行词是atmosphere，分，分析从句结构可知析从句结构可知atmosphere在从句中作地点状语，可在从句中作地点状语，可排除排除A、B两项，在这种氛围中应该用两项，在这种氛围中应该用in而不是而不是at,即即in the atmosphere。【高考链接高考链接】2.（2013福建高考）福建高考）The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ li
26、ves were affected.A.whose B.that C.who D.which3.（2013湖南高考）湖南高考）Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whom B.who C.what D.which单句改错单句改错1.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.2.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.3.The bike by which I travelled was his.4.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.whichwhoongivesClass exercisesHomeworkReview the grammar part and find more exercises to do.Art is long,but life is short.人生有限，学问无涯。
