1、GrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive ClauseThe old man has a son,who is in the army.The old man has a son who is in the army.非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句限制性限制性定语从定语从句句这位老人有一个儿子，在这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐含的意义：部队工作。（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）只有一个儿子）这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。(隐含的意义：也许老人还有其他隐含的意义：也许老人还有其他的儿子，在干别的
2、工作的儿子，在干别的工作)Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.Jim doesnt like to ask questions,which makes his teacher angry.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（which修饰修饰questions）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。（which修饰前面的整个句子）修饰前面的整个句子）a)She has two brother
3、s who are working in the city.她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。她有两个在这个城市工作的弟弟。(She has more than two brothers.)b)She has two brothers,who are working in the city.她有两个弟弟她有两个弟弟,他们在这个城市工作。他们在这个城市工作。(She has only two brothers.)品味一品味一“翻翻”下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差,意义大相径庭。意义大相径庭。a)He will wear no clothes which will make
4、him different from others.他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。b)He will wear no clothes,which will make him different from others.他不穿衣服他不穿衣服,这会使他显得与众不同。这会使他显得与众不同。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句构成：构成：+,+关系词关系词先行词先行词She has two brothers,(who are working in the city).+其他其他部分部分Conclusion 1.限制性定语从句与先行词关系 （A:密切;B:松散），是
5、先行词 (A:可缺少;B:不可缺少)的部分,去掉它，主句意思 (A:不明确;B:明确.)翻译时,从句先译,“的”2.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明,去掉 （A:会影响;B:不会影响）主句的意思。翻译时，主句先译，从句单独成句ABAB非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose主语主语主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语宾语宾语指代整个主句指代整个主句关系副词关系副词(where,when)的指代关系的指代关系指地点指地点指时间指时间 在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用时间状语时间状语地点
6、状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词介词+which限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句表表意意功功能能形形式式修饰修饰_修饰修饰_或或_无无_与主句分开与主句分开有有_与主句分开与主句分开使用时可以用使用时可以用that引导引导与主句语意关系与主句语意关系_(紧凑紧凑/松散松散)，定，定从从_(不能不能/能能)删除删除与主句语意关系与主句语意关系_,定从定从_删除删除使用时不能用使用时不能用_引导引导紧凑紧凑不能不能松散松散能能先行先行词词先行先行词词整个句子整个句子逗逗号号逗逗号号that当我们做非限制性
7、定语从句的练习时当我们做非限制性定语从句的练习时,往往先确定先行词往往先确定先行词,然后再分析先行词然后再分析先行词在从句中的作用在从句中的作用,再对关系词加以选择。再对关系词加以选择。整理一番整理一番 1.I love the book (which)I bought yesterday.2.This gift was the Amber Room,which we gave this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作关系代词在限制性定语从句中作_ 时可以省略。时可以省略。关系代词在非
8、限制性定语从句中作宾语时不关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可以可以_。宾语宾语省略省略3.A middle-aged woman killed her husband,which frightened me very much.4.A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,which surprises all of us.大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语或短语,而有时非限制性定语从句的先行而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从此时非限制性
9、定语从句常由句常由 _ 引导。引导。which 5.She has married again,which delighted us 6.Spiders are not insects,as many people think.=(As many people think,spiders are not insects.)as(译为译为 _)引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活的位置比较灵活,可位于所修饰的句子可位于所修饰的句子之后之后,句句中或句首中或句首;而由而由 which(译为译为 _)引导的非限制性定语从句一般引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首不位于句首。“正
10、如正如”“这这”或或“这件事这件事”7.This is the girl whom/who I met in the street.8.A young man had a new girl friend,whom he wanted to impress.关系代词关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用语时可用 _代替，代替，但在非限制性定语从但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时只能用句中作宾语时只能用 _。（指人）。（指人）whowhomAs“正如、像正如、像一样一样”位置可放在主句前面，也可放位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面在后面。而。而which引导的非限制性定
11、语从句引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句只能放在主句之后之后，且无，且无“正如正如”之意。之意。试比较下面两个句子。试比较下面两个句子。He went abroad,_was expected.He went abroad,_was unexpected.aswhich当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which引导。引导。从句与主句的关系从句的作用从句是否可以去掉是否运用逗号读时是否停顿翻译时的区别先行词的形式从句是否可以修饰句子关系代词Which/Who 在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that或who代替That的运
12、用关系副词Why的运用两类 定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与主句的关系从句与主句的关系密切密切疏松疏松从句的作用从句的作用修饰说明先行词，限修饰说明先行词，限制作用制作用附加、补充说明，不附加、补充说明，不起限制作用起限制作用从句是否可以去掉从句是否可以去掉不能，删除后影响整不能，删除后影响整个句意的表达个句意的表达能能是否运用逗号是否运用逗号不运用不运用运用运用逗号逗号读时是否停顿读时是否停顿不停顿不停顿停顿停顿翻译时的区别翻译时的区别常翻译为定语，常翻译为定语，“的的”常翻译为常翻译为两个独立的两个独立的句子句子先行词的形式先行词的形式名词、
13、代词名词、代词名词、代词、名词、代词、句子句子从句是否可以修饰句从句是否可以修饰句子子不可以不可以可以，从可以，从句由句由which或或as引导引导。as 可可位于所位于所修饰的修饰的句子之后句子之后,句中句中或句首或句首;而由而由 which不不能能位位于句首。于句首。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，whichw h o(做 主 语)，whom（做宾语），Whose，whichWhich/Who 在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略）不可省略Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that或who代替可代替不可代替Th
14、at的运用可以用that不可用that关系副词When，where，WhyWhen，whereWhy的运用可以用Why用for which替代Why错漏错漏“摆摆”出出1.People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he was the first Chinese to walk in space.2.Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then.3.Which is shown on TV,many children s
15、uffered a lot from the polluted milk.hewhothen 去掉去掉WhichAs错漏错漏“摆摆”出出4.China got the most gold medals in the Olympics,that makes people excited.5.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th Olympic Games was held.thatwhichwhichwhere/in whichcompetition Task 1:Fill in the blanks using which,as,when,who
16、,whom,where,when,why,that.(1)St Petersburg is a very beautiful city,_ was once called Leningrad.(2)In Xian,I met a teacher,_ has a strong love for cultural relics and took me to visit the history museum.whichwho(3)I dont remember the soldier,_ told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.(4)My grandfa
17、ther was a child then,_ people didnt pay much attention to cultural relics in the old days.(5)They moved the boxes to a mine,_ they wanted to hide them.whowhenwhere(1)What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it.(2)Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down toget
18、her and talk.(06山东）山东）(that/in which)whereTask 2:Practice.(3)_ is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.(4)This is the very house _ he lived.(5)Next winter,_ you will spend in Harbin,Im sure,will be another exciting holiday.(6)Thats the reason _ he was late.Aswherewhichwhy(7)The pict
19、ures brought the days back to the old _ they swam in the river.(8)Robert and his songs _ were famous in the U.S.are also popular in China.(9)They are always smoking,_ of course,will do harm to their health.(10)The situation _ you use the words is very clear in fact.whenthatwhichwhere1.The weather tu
20、rned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.A what B which C that D it2._ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth.A It B As C That D What3.Have you seen the film Titanic,_ leading actor is very popular.A its B what C that D whose4.Recently I bought a vase,_ was very high.A which price B its priceC the price of which D the price of whose5._ is mentioned above,the number of the students in the senior schools is increasing.A which B As C That D It6.Tangshan was hit by earthquake,from _effects the people were still suffering.A that B whose C those D what
