1、牛津上海版9A Unit 1Words.1. historical adj.（有关）历史的e. g. The book is based on historical events. 这本书是根据历史事件写成的。【知识拓展】historical的名词形式是history。e. g. History is well taught in that school. 那所学校历史教得很好。2. stair n. 阶梯（pl.），楼梯 e. g. The girl was sitting on the bottom stair. 那个女孩坐在最下面的一级台阶上。 I passed him on the s
2、tairs. 我在楼梯上超过了他。【知识拓展】stair-carpet n. 铺在楼梯上的地毯 stairhead n. 楼梯顶；梯口staircase n. (=stairway)楼阶梯，楼梯间室 3. disappear v. 消失，不见e. g. What happened? I put my schoolbag on the table and it has disappeared. 怎么了？我明明把我的书包放在桌子上，但现在书包不见了。【近义】vanish v. 消失，突然不见【反义】appear v. 出现，露面4. Troy n.特洛伊（小亚细亚西北部古城） 【知识拓展】Troj
3、an adj. 特洛伊（人）的 n. 特洛伊人 All the Trojans were celebrating in the square. 所有的特洛依人都在广场庆祝。5. beyond prep. 在（到）的远处 e. g. If you travel beyond China, you will come to Mongolia and Russia.如果你（向北）穿越了中国，你就会来到蒙古和俄罗斯。 The new housing estate stretches beyond the playing-field. 新的住宅区一直延伸到游乐场的那一边。 【反义】within prep
4、. 在之内，不越出6. capture v. 俘获，捕获，夺取 e. g. They captured an escaped criminal last week. 他们上周抓住一名逃犯。【指点迷津】catch, capture 这两个词都含有“抓住，捕捉”的意思。 (1) catch是常用词，侧重通过追捕、诱捕或突然行动而捉住对方。 e. g. The police caught the thief. 警察抓住了小偷。 (2) capture语气更强，暗示更不利的条件，要通过武力或计谋，战胜困难而捕获对方。 e. g. We captured them alive.我们把他们活捉了。7. s
5、ail v. 航行，开船 e. g. He has sailed from Southampton for New York. 他从南安普顿港坐船去纽约。 We sailed across the Atlantic in five days. 我们用5天时间坐船横渡大西洋。【知识拓展】sailor n. 水手，船员 sailing n. 航行 adj. 航行的8. wooden adj. 木质的；木头的e. g. My little brother has a wooden toy. 我弟弟有一个木制玩具。 The wooden house burned quickly. 这个木屋迅速地燃烧了
6、起来。【知识拓展】wood n. 木头，小树林 e. g. There are many kinds of wood growing in this forest. 森林出产各种木材。9. help n. 帮忙e. g. This map isnt much help. 这张地图用处不大。 【知识拓展】help v. 帮助；帮忙 helpful adj.有用的，有帮助的，有益 helpless adj. 需要得到帮助的，无助的 【指点迷津】help , help with与help sb with sth 三者都可以表示“帮助”。(l)help多用作及物动词，后面跟名词或代词，也可以跟动词不定
7、式或动词不定式的复合结构。不定式可带to也可不带too。 e. g. Some students are helping her. 一些学生正在帮助她。 Sports help people (to) live happily. 运动有助于人们生活愉快。 (2)help with后面直接接名词或代词。 e. g. She has to help with the washing. 她得帮助洗衣服。 (3)help sb with sth表示“帮助某人做某事”。 e. g. John asked me to help him with his lessons this evening. 约翰要我
8、今天晚上帮他复习功课。10. obey v. 服从; 顺从 e. g. Soldiers are trained to obey without question. 战士被训练得无条件服从。 A car obeys the driver. 车辆任司机左右。 【反义】break v. 违反；违犯 disobey v. 违犯，不服从11. order n. 命令，指示 e. g. All the soldiers must obey the orders they receive from their captains. 所有的土兵都必须绝对服从来自他们长官的命令。 【指点迷津】in order
9、to do sth为了做某事; in order that目的在于，为了。这两个词条可以进行改写。 e. g. In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work. 为了赶火车，她匆匆做完了她的工作。此句可改写为：She hurried through her work in order that she could catch the train.12. drag v. 拖，拖曳 e. g. The dog was dragging its broken leg. 那只狗拖着它的残腿。 【近义】pull v. 拉，拖，拔 dra
10、w v. 拉，拽，牵 【反义】push v. 推，推动13. citizen n. 公民，市民 e. g. We should try our best to be a lovely citizen of Shanghai. 我们应尽力做一个可爱的上海市民。 【知识拓展】citizenhood n. 公民市民身份，公民权 citizenry n. 总称公民 citizenship n. 公民市民身份，公民的权利和义务，国籍14. celebrate v. 庆祝，祝贺 e. g. We celebrated the New Year with a dance party. 我们举行跳舞晚会庆祝新
11、年。 The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. 许多英雄的名字为诗人所歌颂。 I celelrated my birthday with a big party. 我开了个派对来庆祝我的生日。【常用搭配】celebrate Christmas庆祝圣诞节 celebrate ones birthday庆祝某人的生日 celebrate a wedding anniversary庆祝结婚纪念日 celebrate a victory/success庆祝胜利【知识拓展】celebration n. 庆祝，庆典e. g. His fat
12、her held a birthday celebration for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天为他举办了一个生日庆祝会。15. enemy n. 敌人e. g. Jane and Sarah used to be friends but now they are bitter enemies.简和萨拉以前曾是好朋友，但现在却是仇敌。【反义】ally n. 同盟 friend n. 朋友16. stupid adj. 愚蠢的e. g. What a stupid thing to do! 多么愚蠢的行为啊！【近义】dull adj. 迟钝的，呆滞的 fooli
13、sh adj. 愚蠢的，傻的，笨的【反义】bright adj. 聪明的 clever adj. 机灵的，聪明的 intelligent adj. 聪明的，伶俐的17. securely adv. 安心地；安全地e. g. The safe should be securely locked before you leave. 你在离开前应确保保险箱安全锁好。【知识拓展】secure adj. 安全的，可靠的 v. 保护e. g. Can the town be secured against attack? 能保护这个市镇不受攻击吗？18. include v. 包括，包含e. g. He
14、had included a large number of funny stories in the speech. 他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。 Your duties include checking the post and distributing it. 你的职责是检查邮件并分发。这两个单词都含有“包括，包含”的意思。(l)include强调“包括作为整体的一部分”。e. g. The list included his name. 这个名单上包括他的名字。(2)involve指“由于同主体有联系而必须含有”。e. g. Housekeeping involves cook
15、ing, washing and cleaning. 家务包括烹饪、洗衣和清扫。19. giant adj. 巨大的，庞大的e. g. Shakespeare is a giant writers. 莎士比亚是一位文坛巨匠。【近义】 huge adj. 巨大的，极大的，无限的【反义】 small adj. 小的 tiny adj. 微小的20. secret (1)adj. 秘密的；隐秘的 e. g She escaped through a secret door.她从暗门逃走了。 (2) n. 秘密；机密； 秘诀；窍门 e. g. I cant tell you where were go
16、ing- its a secret. 我不能告诉你我们要去哪里这是秘密。 What is the secret of his success? 他成功的秘诀是什么？ 【常用搭配】 in secret秘密地；暗地里【知识拓展】secretly adv.秘密地e. g. The government secretly agreed to pay the kidnappers. 政府暗中答应给绑匪赎金。21. darkness n. 黑暗，漆黑e. g. The room was in completely darkness. 房间一片漆黑。【知识拓展】adj. + ness（后缀）n. e. g.
17、 illness疾病 sickness疾病，恶心 carelessness粗心 kindness仁慈 happiness幸福 brightness明亮，亮度 lightness光亮22. seize v. 抓住，逮住 e. g. She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住了我的手腕。 He seized the bag and ran off with it. 他抓住了那只包，撒腿就跑。 【近义】 grab v. 抢夺，攫取，夺取 take/get hold of抓住 【反义】 loose v. 释放；放开23. succeed v. 成功；做成e. g. He succe
18、eded in the examination. 他考试及格了。 【常用搭配】succeed in doing sth成功地做某事 e. g. People have succeeded in putting astronauts on the moon. 人类已成功地将宇航员送上月球。【知识拓展】success n. 成功，成就，胜利 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 顺利地，成功地e. g. At the age of thirty he won great success in business.在他三十岁的时候他的生意取得了巨大的成功。 My
19、ambition is to be a successful man like my father. 我希望能成为像我爸爸一样成功的人。24. trick n. 诡计，骗局 e. g. We need a trick to get past the guards. 我们需要耍个诡计来骗过警卫。 【常用搭配】play a trick on捉弄，对耍诡计 e. g. The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。日常表达1. look down at 向下看着 e. g. The captain looked down at t
20、he empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea. 长官向下看着空旷的平原和远处空无一人的海面。 【反义】look up向上看【知识拓展】look down on sb 鄙视某人e. g. We shouldnt look down on those poor people. 我们不应该鄙视那些穷人。2. pullinto把拉进中e. g. Get some help and pull the wooden horse into the city. 去找些帮手，把那匹木马拖进城里。3. except for除了e. g. I can answer
21、all the questions except for the last one. 除了最后一题外，我能回答所有的问题。这三词均有“除之外”之意。(1) except表示除去的人或物不在其中。e. g. We all agreed except him. 我们都同意，只有他不同意。(2)而当我们要表示肯定总体，否定部分时，则用except for。e. g. The carpet is good except for its price. 地毯很好，只是价钱太高。(3)而besides则表示人或物包括在内。e. g. We all agreed besides him. 除了他之外，我们也都
22、同意。4. have to不得不e. g. I have to stay at home because of the heavy rain. 因为下雨，我不得不呆在家里。 (l) have to与must都表示“必须”，但have to强调客观需要，must强调主观要求。 e. g. You must obey the rules. 你必须遵守这些规则。 He cant go with us. He has to stay at home to look after his little sister. 他不能跟我们一起去。他必须留在家里照顾他的小妹妹。 (2) must是情态动词，没有人称
23、，数量和时态的变化，而have to要随着人称和数量的变化而改变，它也有不同的时态形式。 e. g. You must arrive here on time. 你必须准时到这儿。 Does he have to take his piano lessons? 他必须上钢琴课吗？5. make jokes about拿某人开玩笑 e. g. Mary is the fattest student in our class, so we always make jokes about her. 玛丽是班里最胖的学生，我们总是拿她开玩笑。 【友情提示】与make fun of意思相近。 e . g
24、. They always make jokes about Kally. 他们经常取笑凯丽。 可改写为：They always make fun of Kally. 请注意，fun是个不可数名词，不可误用为make funs of。6. wait for等待 e. g. Ive been waiting for the bus for half an hour. 我等车已等了半个小时了。 He always has to be waited for. 他老是要人等他。【知识拓展】wait up熬夜，不睡觉（等人回家）e. g. Ill be home very late tonight, s
25、o dont wait up for me. 今晚我要很晚才回来，所以不要为我等门了。7. not any longer不再 e. g. After that I was no longer interested in maths. 从那以后我对数学不再感兴趣了。 可改写成：After that I was not interested in maths any longer. 8. be succeed in 成功，顺利完成 e. g. At last the climbers succeeded in conquering the difficult mountain. 登山队员们终于成功
26、地征服了这座难以攀登的山峰。 May you succeed in business! 祝您生意兴隆！ 【友情提示】succeed的名词形式是success，形容词形式是successful。 e . g. Confidence of success is almost success. 对成功抱有信心，就近乎成功。 She is a successful businesswoman. 她是一位很成功的女实业家。9. through a trick通过阴谋诡计；用诡计 e. g. They made Kally come to the party through a trick. 他们用诡计将
27、凯丽骗到了这个聚会。【随堂小练】. Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence A. decides too quickly B. temporarily C. achieved D. necessary E. not knowing about F. make fun of G. common knowledge( )1. Electricity is essential for modern life.( )2. When a man ju
28、mps to conclusions, he often makes mistakes.( )3. The boy was unaware of his mistake.( )4. Please dont make jokes about my clothes. I am preparing for this afternoons show.( )5. Before we move to a bigger place, I think you have to share this office for the time being.( )6. The astronauts succeeded
29、in returning from the moon to the earth according to the report.【Keys】l.D 2. A 3.E 4. F 5. B 6. C. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given verbs1. The summer holidays are coming. Whatyou(do)?I(plan)(attend) a French course with my good friend Jenny.2.Whatyou(do) this time yesterday?I(watch
30、) cartoons at home.3.Why is it getting warmer and warmer these years?Its said thats greenhouse effect. Scientists(study) the global (全球的)warming these years, but (not solve) it yet.4.The snow(stop). Lets go out to make a snowman.OK.5.He was really a whiz kid. By the time he(be) ten, he(run) a compan
31、y of his own.I thought so.【Keys】1. will, do; am planning/has planned; to attend2. were,doing; was watching3. are studying; havent solved4. has stopped5. was; had runStep 4: Important Sentences structures.1. The soldier came down the stairs-two at a time. at a time表示“依次，逐一，每次”的意思。 e. g. Take the pill
32、s two at a time. 每次服两粒。 She ran up the stairs two at a time. 她一步两阶地跑上楼梯。2. Outside the main gates of the city stood a huge wooden house. (1)此句为倒装句，应为A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gates of the city. 英语中，倒装句表示强调或引起注意。 e. g. The door opened and in came a middle-aged woman. 门开了，进来一位中年
33、妇女， (2)a huge horse made of wood木制的大马made of wood为过去分词短语作名词的定语，通常放在这一名词的后面。3. Its so big that they couldnt take it with them. so that如此以至于（中间使用形容词或副词，引导结果状语从句） e. g. They are so excited that they have forgot to go home. 他们是如此高兴以至于忘记了回家。 It rained so heavily that we had to stay at home. 雨下得如此大，以至于我们不
34、得不呆在家中。 【知识拓展】(1)sothat后接肯定句可转换成enough to的结构，变成简单句。e. g. I am so tall that I can reach the shelf. =I am tall enough to reach the shelf.(2)sothat后接否定句可转换成tooto的结构，变成简单句。e. g. The box was so heavy that he couldnt carry it.=The box was too heavy for him to carry.4. So the Trojans dragged it into the ci
35、ty with ropes. dragwith ropes中with表示“以方式，用手段”。e. g. writewith a pen用笔写，cutwith a knife用刀切【知识拓展】with还可解释为“带有，具有”。e. g. She is a beautiful girl with long hair. 她是一位有着长头发的漂亮女孩。 The lady got on the bus with a baby in her arm. 这位女士手里抱着一个小孩上了公共汽车。with还可解释为“随着”。e. g. With the development of computer scienc
36、e, you can know almost everything without going out. 随着计算机科学的发展，你可以不用出门就可以了解天下。5. No guards stopped them as they opened the main gates.句中的as解释为“当时，正值”。e. g. As I walking clown the street I noticed a police car.当我在街上走的时候，我看到了一辆警车。 作为从属连词，三者都有“当的时候”的意思，但用法稍有不同。 (1) as强调主从句动作或事情同时发生或进行，常译为。一边一边”，此时as也可
37、换作when或while。 e. g. As (When/While)I was walking along the road, I noticed a police car in front of a shop. 当我沿着公路行走时，我注意到一家商店门口停着一辆警车。 如果表示两个短时间动作或事件同时发生，最常用as(just as)。 e. g. As I sat down on the chair, he gave me a cup of tea. 就在我在椅子上坐下时，他给了我一杯茶。 (2)when和while意为“当时候”，when可以表示时间点，也可以表示一段时间，谓语动词是终止
38、性和延续性动词都可。而while只表示“在某一段时间里”，因此它引导的句子中的动词必须是延续性的。 e. g. While(When) we were in Beijing, we saw him twice. 我们在北京的时候，看到过他两次。 When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.(不能用while)当钟声敲响12点时，所有的灯都熄灭了。 【友情提示】while还可用作并列连词，表对比，意为“而，然而”，when也可作并列连词，表示“恰在此时， 就在这时候”，as引导时间状语从句时还可表示“随着”。 I like P. E
39、. , while she likes music. 我喜欢体育，而她喜欢音乐。 I was about to leave when the phone rang. 我刚要离开，这时电话铃响了。As the time went on, his theory proved to be true. 随着时间流逝，他的理论证明是正确的。6. It had returned in the darkness when the citizens were celebrating inside. return=come back，go back意为“回来，回去”。return还可作“归还”讲，等于give
40、back，所以return不能与back相连。 e. g. Your mother will return in a moment. 你的母亲一会儿就回来， Do not forget to return my key. 不要忘记还我的钥匙。7. Now the army entered the city. Enter=come into，go into意为“进入”，所以enter不能与into相连。 e. g. When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stopped talking. 当老师走进教室时，学生们停止说话。8. T
41、hen the Trojans made sure all the gates of the city were securely locked, and they all went to sleep, including the gate guards. make sure表示“确信”，go to sleep表示“入睡，睡着”，注意：including在本句中是介词用法。e. g. All animals including men feed on plants or other animals.包括人类在内的所有动物都以植物或其他动物为食。 Ive got three days, holi
42、day including New Years Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。9. For ten years, they could not capture the city by fighting.by在这里解释为“通过”，后跟名词或动名词。【知识拓展】by还可以在不同的情况下连接宾格、反身代词、时间或地点。e. g. My wallet was stolen by a thief. 我的钱包被一个小偷偷了。 Can you finish it by yourself? 你能自己完成吗？ By the end of last term, I had learned 800 Englis
43、h words.到上学期期末为止，我已经学会了800个英语单词了。 They were fishing by the river. 他们正在河边钓鱼。【随堂巩固练习】I .Choose the best answer( )1. The Greeks had to leave the huge horse at the gate,?A. hadnt theyB. didnt theyC. hadnt the GreeksD. didnt the Greeks( )2. The film had just begunwe got to the cinema.A. whenB. whileC. af
44、terD. since( )3. How many times you that city?A. have; been inB. have; been toC. have; gone toD. have; gone( )4. Our classroom is madeevery day.A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleanedD. cleaning( )5. We have computer lessons.A. once two weeksB. twice two weeksC. once every two weeksD. twice every weeks( )6. China owns a lot of beautiful islandsTai Wan Island and Hai Nan Island.A. besidesB. besideC. exceptD. expect( )7. Ithe computer with the money I earned myself. And I it for nearly three years.A. bought; has bought
