1、1 祈使句（Imperative Sentence）1.1定义 用于表达意愿、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束，读时用降调。例： Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.） （请安静。请求） Be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。劝告） Watch your steps. （走路小心。警告） L
2、ook out！Danger！ （小心！危险！强烈警告） Keep off the grass. （勿践草坪。禁止） No parking. （禁止停车。禁止） No eating or drinking. (禁止吃喝。禁止) No littering. (禁止乱扔垃圾。禁止) 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如： You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯去告诉他。） 1.2概念口诀祈使句无主语，主语you常省去； 动词原形谓语当，句首加dont变否定； 朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。 1.3表现形式1.3.1肯定句1 Do型(即：动词原
3、形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如：Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2 Be型(即：Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3 Let型(即：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 1.3.2否定句1Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成：如：Dont forget me! 不要忘记我！ Dont be lat
4、e for school! 上学不要迟到！ 是系表结构也就是没有行为动词但是有形容词的那种使用Dont be 有行为动词的就不能这么用，只能用Dont 2 Let型的否定式有两种：“Dont + let +宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如：Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟！No fishing! 禁止钓鱼！ 1.4练习将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。_. 2. 让我们去学校吧！ _!
5、 3. 亲爱的，高兴点儿！ _! 4. 不要把书放这儿。_. 5. 不要让猫进来。_. 6. 禁止吸烟。_! Key: 1Please look after your bag. 2Lets go to school. 3Be glad, dear 4Dont put the book here . 5Dont let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in . 6No smoking！ 一、将以下祈使句改为否定式：1. Come here early. 2. Ask him. 3. Please wait for her. 4. Read the b
6、ook carefully. 5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Lets go there together. 二、选择最佳答案填空：1. If you are tired, _ a rest.A. have B. havingC. to have D. had2. _ me go. It is very important for me.(是对动词的强调，记住在动词前加助动词）A. Do let B. let doC. Doing let D. To do let3. He is not honest. _ _ believe him. A. Not B.
7、DontC. To not D. Not to4. If you want to stay, let me know, _?(祈使句是肯定则反义疑问句可用will you或wont you 若是祈使句是否定句，其后的反义疑问句用will you,。另外Lets.,shall we?而分开let us.,will you?)A. will you B. shall weC. do you D. do we5. Never come late again, _ _? A. will you B. wontC. do you D. does he6. _ _ up early tomorrow, o
8、r you cant catch the train.A. Getting B. GetC. To get D. Got7. _ _ in the street. Its dangerous.A. Not play B. Not to playC. Dont play D. Dont to play8. Please _ _ me some money, will you?A. lend B. lendingC. to lend D. be lend9. The film is about to begin. Please _ _ seated. A. be B. areC. is D. be
9、ing10. _ _ the boxes. You may use them later. A. Keep B. KeepingC. To keep D. KeptI. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ _ (be) polite.4. _ _ ( not, talk) and _ _ (re
10、ad) aloud.5. _ _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.8. _ _ (not, let) the baby cry.II. 选择填空 ( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No ( )2. Sindy, _ to be here at
11、 8 oclock A is sure B is sure that C will be sure D be sure ( )3._ when you cross the road. A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful ( )4. _him the secret, will you? A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling D No telling ( )5. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes. A Not to read B Dont read C Dont t
12、o read D Not read ( )6. _ Your child. Well look after him. A Not to worry about B Dont worry aboutC Not worry for D Dont worry with ( )7.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest? A not they B do not they C dont they D not to ( )8 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest? - All right. A Why no
13、t B How about C Why not to Dwhy dont ( ) 9 _ tell a lie. A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( ) 10.Please _ look outside. Look at the blackboard. A not B dont C arent D cant ( )11. Why dont you join us in the game?(考察why dont you =?) A What not B Why not C Why to D How to ( ) 12 _ go for the book alone, Ms Zhang. A Lets B Let me C Letus D Allow ( )13 John, read the text for us,_? A does he B will he C do you D will you ( )14. Lets do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you ( )15. Let us do it at once, _ ? A shall we B will you C do we D do you
