1、1ession of sb.Sb.Be in possession of sth.Sb possess sth./some fine traits,such as beauty and wisdom.2equal i:kwl adj.相等的，平等的相等的，平等的 vt.等于，比得上等于，比得上 n.同辈，平等，同辈，平等，(同等的同等的)人或事物人或事物Eg:1)Women demand equal pay for equal work.妇女要求同工同酬。妇女要求同工同酬。2)He feels that they are his equals.他觉得他们和他地位相等。他觉得他们和他地位相等。3
2、)None of us can equal her,either in beauty or as a dancer.不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。3【语法用法语法用法】1.equal vt.eg:One plus ones equals two.2.be equal to表示表示“与与相等，相等，能胜任能胜任”，eg:One plus one is equal to two.4 3.be equal in表示表示“在某方面相等在某方面相等”如如be equal in price可解释为可解释为“在价格上相等在价格上相等”；4.equal解释为解释为“胜任胜
3、任”时，时，be equal to doing sth.eg:I am equal to performing this duty.我能胜任这个责任。我能胜任这个责任。翻译翻译:你认为你可以胜任这项任你认为你可以胜任这项任 务吗？务吗？Do you think you are equal to the task?5【词义辨析】match,equal,rival这些动词均含“相称、比得上、与相比”之意。match:指对手之间力量、强度、性能指对手之间力量、强度、性能或利益等的较量或竞争。或利益等的较量或竞争。equal:指在数量、价值或程度等方面指在数量、价值或程度等方面已完全相等。已完全相等。
4、rival:指某人或某物在和对手竞争中指某人或某物在和对手竞争中，在能力、质量等方面都能与之相匹，在能力、质量等方面都能与之相匹敌，都能比得上。敌，都能比得上。6 vicar vik 英国教区的小牧师 (of the Church of England)rector rekt 小牧师 (of the Catholic Church)Catholic adj.天主教的 priest pri:st n.(基督教和罗马天主教的)神父,牧师 curate kjurit 副牧师 7 bishop bip 主教 archbishop:tbp 红衣大主教 Pope(Roman Catholic)罗马教皇 c
5、lergyman kl:di:mn n.神职人员8Raise reiz n.上升，增高上升，增高;高地高地 vt.升起，举起，饲养升起，举起，饲养;提出，引起提出，引起Eg:raise kids 养育小孩子 raise money:collect money 筹集钱财 raise the roof 大发雷霆大发雷霆 rise raiz vi.The Sun Also Rises 太阳照常升起 9【词义辨析词义辨析】arise,rise,raise,lift 这些动词均这些动词均 有有“上升，举起上升，举起”arise:书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有书面用词，多用于诗歌或比喻中，具有特殊的修
6、辞色彩。特殊的修辞色彩。rise:普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向普通用词，指具体的或抽象的事物由低向高移动。高移动。raise:及物动词常用词多指把某物从低处升到及物动词常用词多指把某物从低处升到高处有时作引申用。高处有时作引申用。lift:语气比语气比raise强，指用体力或机械的力举起强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。或抬起某物。torchlight t:tlait n.电筒光电筒光 torch bearer 火炬手 持火炬的运动员10 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another,but he has ne
7、ver managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.used to：过去常常做，=11 One night,however,our vicar work up with a start:the clock was striking the hours!Looking at his wa
8、tch,he saw that it was one oclock,but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.Armed with a torch,the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.In the torchlight,he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins,our local grocer.recognized somebody
9、as认出某人是12 Im trying to repair the bell,answered Bill.Ive been coming up here night after night for weeks now.You see,I was hoping to give you a surprise.You certainly did give me a surprise!said the vicar.Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.Still,Im glad the bell is working again
10、.肯定句中常用 do 加强语气和情感色彩一定要位于动词原形之前 用于句首,用逗号分隔开来,表达一个转折的关系：虽然如此,但是 13Thats the trouble,vicar,answered Bill.Its working all right,but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it.get used to that,Bill,said the vicar.Thirteen is not as good as one,but its
11、 better than nothing.Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea.14 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another,but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.1.现在进行时和 always 等频度副词搭配时：表示说话人带有某种的情感色彩 Eg:Tom is always doing homework.汤姆总是做家庭作业(怎么也做不完)。Tom
12、 always does his homework.汤姆总是做家庭作业(不拖欠作业)。15 cause k:z n.1)原因，缘故 cause and effect 因果 2)sth you support（支持的）事业，事项 eg.Its for a good cause.做善事。(目标，原则)Revolutionary cause革命事业 他献身于科学事业。He dedicated himself to the cause of science.16 2.one or another：表示这样或那样-for one reason or another 处于这样或那样的原因 在这样或那样的时
13、间-at one time or another 用这样或那样的方法-in one way or another get enough money to do sth 募集足够的资金做某事-I have to get enough money to have my house repaired.17te,however,Im not used to getting up late/it now.18 2.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has be
14、en silent ever since.strike v.strike,struck,struck；strike,struck,stricken strike hours 敲钟、打点、报时 strike matches 划火柴 strike sb.打人 eg.趁热打铁。Strike while the iron is hot.19 day and night 不分日夜，日日夜夜 反义词词组表示对照，通过相反的概念而强调整体。up and down 上上下下 back and forth 前前后后 black and white 黑与白 ever since 引起完成时-自此.203.One
15、night,however,our vicar woke up with a start:the clock was striking the hours!wake up with a start 惊醒 startled st:tld 受惊吓的(suddenly or slightly surprised)surprised 感到惊奇的;表示震惊的(general saying)astounded 非常惊讶、惊奇、惊愕(very surprised)astonished 惊异的(very surprised)amazed (extremely surprised)惊叹 eg.Youre ama
16、zing.你实在是太不可思议了。（夸人“非常出色能干”）stunned stnd(程度最深)极度震惊214.Looking at his watch,he saw that it was one oclock,but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped.Before 直到才；足足才 eg.before:If there is a period of time or if several things are done before something happens,it takes that amount of time or e
17、ffort for this thing to happen.大火持续了四个小时消防员才到来.Thefirelasted4hoursbeforethefiremancame22 他花了二十多年才找到他的亲生母亲。It was over 20 years before he found his biological mother.He spent more than 20 years in finding his bioligical mother.sb spend some time in doing sth It took him more than 20 years to find his
18、 mother.(It take sb some time to do sth.)那个人快把我撞倒了才看到我。The man almost knocked me down before he saw me.23 before you know it (spoken:sth.will happen soon)我们最好赶快出发，天马上就要黑下来 说话间，天就黑了。eg.Wed better set off or it will be dark before you know it.24 but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped:敲了十
19、三下才停下来。It didnt stop until it struck thirteen times.not.until.直到。才。直到车停了，我们才下车。We did not get off the bus until it stopped.25 昨天我才听说这件事。I didnt learn it until yesterday.It was not until yesterday that I learned it.26 look out of the window.looking out of the window,we saw a beautiful scenery.looked
20、from above the sky,the city was a box.His looking out of the window,the cat was chasing a mouse.His beaten,everybody were amused.27（defeat）,he remained a popular boxer.Defeated Hedied,_(leave)his wife with five children.leaving _(see)the cat,the mouse ran off.Seeing285.Armed with a torch,the vicar w
21、ent up into the clock tower to see what was going on.Whats going on？出什么事了？（熟人之间。别说Whats the matter?）Whats up?出什么事了？（更为省略的表达）What gives?（现代英语里更为时髦的说法，非常熟人之间的表达）怎么啦？/你有什么事吗？回答：Nothing much./Not much.没什么 296.In the torchlight,he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins,ou
22、r local grocer.in the torchlight 借着手电筒的光 in the moonlight 借着月光 catch sight of 一眼瞥见，一下子瞅见了，一下子看见了 in sight 出现在视力范围之内 胜利在望 eg.The victory is in sight.30 8.Im trying to repair the bell,answered Bill.Ive been coming up here night after night for weeks now.You see,I was hoping to give you a surprise.nigh
23、t after night 夜夜 （重复修饰，加强效果）day after day/day in day out 日复一日 year after year/year in year out 年复一年31 9.You certainly did give me a surprise!said the vicar.Youve probably woken up everyone in the village as well.Still,Im glad the bell is working again.certainly 确定地，无疑地 still 仍然，不过，还 all the same eg.
24、Thank you all the same.不过还是要谢谢你。just the same 不过，仍然，还是要 32 10.Thats the trouble,vicar,answered Bill.Its working all right,but Im afraid that at one oclock it will strike thirteen times and theres nothing I can do about it.Theres nothing I can do about it 我可是无能为力了 nothing can help 什么事都帮不上忙（什么也帮不了）Not
25、hing can undermine their friendship.没有什么能逃过他灵敏的耳朵。Nothing can escape his quick ear.33 11.Well get used to that,Bill,said the vicar.Thirteen is not as good as one,but its better than nothing.Now lets go downstairs and have a cup of tea.as good as 和.一样 eg.He is as good as dead there.简直就像死了一样。不戴眼镜,她简直和
26、瞎子一样。Without her glasses,she was as good as blind.34 as/so long as 只要 我不在乎你是谁，你曾经做过什么，你从哪里来，只要你爱我。eg.I dont care who you are,what you did,where youre from,as long as you love me!我们的爱情忠贞不渝。（和一样长）Our love will last as long as our lives.35 better than nothing 总比没有强得多 eg.Better late than never.亡羊补牢未为晚也
27、eg.Better safe than sorry.安全比后悔强 Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.Twelfth Night:一个聪明愚人比愚蠢的智人要好得多/与其做愚蠢的智人不如做聪明的愚人。36 人们不能不被到场的代表们的热情所感动。One cannot but be struck by the enthusiasm of the representatives present.过去,希腊人崇奉好几种神。The Greeks used to worship several gods.自从他见过女王后，他就傲慢起来了。Ever since he
28、met the Queen,hes been quite arrogant.37 生活是不公平的，适应它吧。Life is no fair.Get used to it.38 Be always doing sth.One or another Manage to do sth.Have sth.Done Used to do sth.Strike the hours Day and night Night after night39 Ever since then/now Be damaged/destroyed/broken Wake up With a start Armed with
29、Catch sight of a figure As well Nothing can Get used to doing40 As good as Better than 行动胜于空谈。Actions speak louder than words 41 1.It is no use learning without thinking.1.学而不思则罔。2.Fancy meeting you here!2.想不到在这里见到你。3.When a light passenger plane flew off course,it crashed in the mountains and its p
30、ilot was killed.3.一架轻型客机驶离了航线，坠毁在山区，飞行员丧生。42 4.The rescue crew would have three of the engines rebuilt.。4.救援队要把其中三个引擎修复。5.In place of the great trees,patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.。5.一片片绿草代替大树出现在这片烧焦的土地上。43 6.要不是那场雨，我们根本无法相遇。(虚拟语气)6.If there had not been the rain,I would
31、 not have met you.7.这种想法在他脑海里扎了根。（root）7.The idea has taken root in his mind.44 8.这座大桥把小岛和大陆连起来了。(connect)8.The bridge connects the island to/with the mainland/continent.9.你必须节制开支.（control）9.You must get your spending under control.you should control your spending/expenditure/cost of living.10.他坚持体育
32、锻炼。（insist）10.He insists on physical training.He insists on doing physical training.45分词作状语的理解技巧分词的状语用法是所有分词用法中最重要的，也是最难掌握的。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。历年的考题也说明，分词作状语的用法是所有分词用法中最常考的。一、用作时间状语1.典型例句Seeing the cat,the mouse ran off.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。The work finished
33、,he went home.工作做完后，他就回家了。462.理解技巧分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat,it ran off.After the work was finished,he went home.When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A.compa
34、red B.being comparedC.comparing D.having compared 【分析】分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures47二、用作原因状语1.典型例句Being very weak,she couldnt move.她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。His car broken down,he had to walk.他的车坏了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged,she moved on to London.她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。2.理解技
35、巧分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as,because,since,now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：As she was very weak,she couldnt move.Because his car broken was down,he had to walk.Because she was much discouraged,she moved on to London.48(1)_ with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.A.Faced B.Face C.Facing
36、D.To face【分析】现在分词短语faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。(2)_ for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed【分析】现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句beca
37、use she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network49 四、用作让步状语1.典型例句 Although living miles away,he attended the course.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated,he remained a popular boxer.虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。502.理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though,although,no matter等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he li
38、ved miles away,he attended the course.Thought he was defeated,he remained a popular boxer.No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A.performed B.performing C.to be performed D.being performed【分析】现在分词短语performed在此相当于they are performed。No matter how fre
39、quently they are performed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”51 五、用作伴随状语1.典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。Dont you sit there doing nothing.别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in,followed by his wife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。522.理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴
40、随性的次要动作。(1)Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing(2)My cousin came to see me from the country,_ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A.brought B.bringing C.to bring D.had brought(3)Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer careles
41、sly,always _ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said(4)We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.A.thinking B.think C.to think D.thought 53 六、用作方式状语 1.典型例句 He earns a living driving a truck.他靠开卡车谋取生。Im returning you letter as
42、 requested.我按要求给你退信。2.理解技巧 分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较 接近。有时用作方式状 语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的 结构，如上面第一句也可换成：He earns a living by driving a truck.54七、用作结果状语1.典型例句He fired,killing one of the passers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。He died,leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。It rained and rained,vehicles bog
43、ged and bridges washed out.雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去552.理解技巧分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by.He died and left his wife with five children.It rained and rained,and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out56(1)He glanced over at her,_ that though she was t
44、iny,she seemed very well put together.A.noting B.noted C.to note D.having noted【分析】此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.(2)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reac
45、hed B.reachingC.to reach D.to be reaching【分析】此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.57三、用作条件状语1.典型例句Working hard,you will succeed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up,we can find the answer.如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。United,we sta
46、nd;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。Given more time,we could have done it better.如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。2.理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：If you work hard,you will succeed.If we add them all up,we can find the answer.If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.If we had been given more
47、time,we could have done it better._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given【分析】give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time。582.理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：If you work hard,you will succeed.If we add
48、 them all up,we can find the answer.If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.If we had been given more time,we could have done it better._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given【分析】give 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time。593.have something done1找某人来做某事-have the plane repaired /-have hair cut2某人所遭受到的意外某种情况（主语必须是发出动作的人）-His wallet was stolen.He had his wallet stolen.60Thank you for listening61
