1、GrammarUse of V-ingBook 42 什么是非谓 语动词啊？“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!那不是谓语是什么呢？。3英语中一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so）放入从句 变为非谓语动词 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 Eg:She took her handbag and left home.She took her handbag,leaving home.非谓语动词V-edto doV-ing表将要表将要表被动，完成表被动，完成1.谓语动词：谓语动词：概述：概述：2.非谓语动词：非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语
2、的动词 是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.表语表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there.宾语补足语宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class.宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等定语、状语等.4.To see you is gl
3、ad.=Its glad to see you.5.I want to see you.6.I want him to see you.7.My hope is to see you.8.He is the man to see you.9.Im glad to see you.10.I went to see you.11.He went so early as to see you（作主语）（作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）（作宾补）（作宾补）(作表语）作表语）（作定语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）（作结果状语）12.Swimming is h
4、is favourite sport.13.He enjoys swimming.14.I found him swimming in the river.15.His favourite sport is swimming.16.He is the man swimming in the river just now.17.Swimming in Summer,we can get cool.V-ing 的基本构成的基本构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneSeeing is believingReading ne
5、wspapers can increase our knowledge.no use no good no fun Its+a shame +doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous There is no+doing.It is no use crying.It is no good objectingLooking after the patients is a nurses job.Its dangerous playing with fire.Its a waste of time copying others homework.The
6、re is no joking about the matter.一、作主语一、作主语(Subject)Eg:Seeing is believing.Her job is translating documents.The baby is sleeping.The most important thing is getting there on time.His hobby is collecting stamps and fishing.二、作表语二、作表语(predicative)主语和表语互换后句子仍然成立的是主语和表语互换后句子仍然成立的是动名词；反之是现在分词。动名词；反之是现在分词
7、。区别：区别：He finished reading the book yesterday.I enjoy learning English.Im looking forward to seeing you again.She suggested doing it in a different way.三、作宾语三、作宾语(Object)四、作宾语补足语四、作宾语补足语（宾补）（宾补）（Object complement)We heard her singing in the room.You can see them performing every night this week at t
8、he new theatre.We watch the children diving into the water from the diving board.Listen to the birds singing.避免错过少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建议完成多练习(suggest,finish,practise)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,cant help)承认否定与嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒险莫原谅(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)想要欣赏莫抵抗(fancy,appreciate
9、,resist)推迟反对要禁止(delay,object to,forbid)三、作宾语三、作宾语.下列动词后面只能跟只能跟 V-ing 作宾语作宾语。可用以下口诀记忆：S+Vt+V-ingEg:Would you mind turning down your radio a little?Will he admit having broken the window?14注：注：在动词在动词forbid,advise,allow,forbid,advise,allow,permit,want,requirepermit,want,require等后，如等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果没
10、有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如permitpermit doingdoing,permitpermit sb.to dosb.to do Eg:我们不允许人们在这钓鱼。我们不允许在这钓鱼。We dont permit people to fish here./We permit people not to fish here.We dont permit fishing here.preferto look forward to be used to devote to stick to object to put off give up
11、 keep on succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem(in).作介词作介词/短语动词的宾语短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doing S +doing在动词或词组need,want,require,be worth后的动名词表示被动意义:Your composition needs improving.Your composition needs to be improved.The book is worth reading a second time.The
12、book is worthy to be read/of being read a second time.The coat needs/wants/requires washing.V-ing 形式主动表被动主动表被动的用法 区别区别：下列动词常接 不定式(to do)作宾语口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择 want,decide,hope,agree,choose,wish,need,promiselike,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,in
13、tend,prefer,forget,mean,prepare,pretend,continue,start,afford,hate等等.V-ing 用在感官动词后作宾补时，所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。四、作宾语补足语（宾补）（四、作宾语补足语（宾补）（Object complement)see watch hear feel notice smell observe look at listen to find +sb./sth.+doing+doEg:Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.They use computers to kee
14、p the traffic running smoothly.V-ing 形式用在 leave,have,keep,get 等动词后作宾补时，表示使宾语处于某种状态。.V-ing 形式也可用在 with+复合结构复合结构 中作宾语补足语。eg:I cant do my homework with all this noise going on.With a native villager acting as our guide,we had no trouble getting around.oblige常用动词不定式(to do)作宾补的动词五五.作定语作定语:a walking stick
15、 A swimming pool A sleeping car区别区别The walking manThe swimming girlThe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能示名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态示该名词所处的状态V-ing 可以放在被修饰的名词之前之前，称为前置定语前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后之后，称为后置定语后置定语。V-ing 作定语有两种形式。作定语有两种形式。1)前置定语 Eg:He is a promising young man.Make less noise.Theres a sleeping
16、 child.2)后置定语The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。相当于一个定语从句。Those wishing to join this club should sign here.Those who wish to join the club should sign here.27 V-ing 作状语，作状语，修饰谓语修饰谓语，大多说，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示明动作发
17、生的背景或情景，表示时间、时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一等。一般说来，这一结构的般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语逻辑主语是是句子句子的主语的主语,而句子本身可与而句子本身可与状语从句状语从句等句等句型转换。型转换。46六六.作状语作状语28被动之前having been done主动之前having done被动同时being done主动同时(基本同时)doing(和主语)主被动(与谓语比)时间先后-ing作状语 结结 构构Exercise:(作出正确的选择)1.(Seeing/seen)from the top of the tower,we can see a
18、 beautiful factory.(Seeing/seen)from the top of the tower,the factory looks beautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)the bad news,they couldnt help crying.3.(Giving/Given)more time,we could do it better.时间状语时间状语 条件状语条件状语 原因状语原因状语 伴随状语伴随状语被动式：被动式：being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.The building being repaired
19、 is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3.As we approached the village,we saw new houses being put up.完成式：完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。所表示的动作之前发生。1.Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.2.Not having received his fathers letter,he dec
20、ided to make a call to him.综合练习1.We sat on the high hillock,_ the old story.(listen to)2._ the news,all Chinese people got excited.(hear)3.He stood there,tired from a whole day of work,_a way to escape from the construction site.(think of)4._ the very peak of the Everest,the climbers cheered against
21、 the fierce north wind.(reach)listening to Hearingthinking of Having reached5.He keeps _expensive maps.He must have more than 200 by now.(buy)6.I heard the girl _ in the classroom.(sing)7.The man _ with my father is Mr.Wang.(talk)8.I regret _your advice.(not take)9.He didint mention _you before.(met)10.One learns a language by_(make)mistakes and_(correct)them.not having takenbuyingsingingtalkinghaving metmakingcorrecting
