1、1operating characteristic of synchronous generator23)(01fkIfIUnn )(cos1IfUCCInnf )(,cos,fIfUconsconstI )(cos1IfICCUnnf )(0001fIfEUInn 45隐极发电机的电磁过程fIfF00EIaFaEEEaaRIaaxI jExI jE6 IUoO aaRIUEEEE 00EaEE sasaaasaaXIjRIUEXIjXXIjEEXXXXIjEXIjE 0;70EUIIU aFa IaFa a aEE090aEEaaRIUEEE 0)4(0EaEEaRI EEE0)5(EsaX
2、IjRIUE 0)6(sXIj XIj saXI jRIUE08IU aFa aEE0EaEEaRI EsXIj XIj (7)矢量部分:矢量部分:Ff 超前超前E0900,fFaF Fa 9UI 0EaEE EaXIj XIj aaRIUEEE 0 EEE0 XIjXIjRIUEaa 0UIXsRaIUIRaIXsjsaXI jRIUE0 0E 0E 100EIU11UIarItxI j0Es12)()(XI jRIUEUjXRIERIUEEaaa x I jEFFIEFFIaaff113fIfF00EIqIdIadFaqFadaqadEaqEEEaRI14aqE IUoOadE aqqaq
3、addadxIjExIjE xxxadd xxxaqq xIjE 0EE aaqadRIUEEEEE 0qdIII 15aqE IUoOadE aqqaqaddadxIjExIjE xxxadd xxxaqq xIjE 0EE aaqadRIUEEEEE 0 XIjXIjXIjRIUEaqqadda 0qdIII XIjXIjXIjXIjRIUqdaqqadda qqddaXIjXIjRIUE 016addadxI jEaqqaqxI jExI jEqqddaxIjxIjIRUE0 xxxxxxxxxqdaqqadd并且有称为交轴同步电抗称为直轴同步电抗17IUaRI d轴轴qqddaXIjX
4、IjRIUE 0dI 0EqI ddXIj qqXIj IdI qI qqqIXXIRQ cos而而IU 0EIRQ 182)、方法:、方法:假设已知假设已知U,I及及 角、角、Xd,Xq求求(1 1)作)作 ,UI0 EIU qaQXIjRIUE )2(aRI qXIj QE q轴轴dI qI qdIII )3(qqddaXIjXIjRIUE 0)4(qqXIj ddXIj 0 E aqIRUUIXtg cossin13)、计算、计算:4)4)功角功角 :与与 的夹角的夹角U0 E所在的方向所在的方向q轴,轴,确定确定 QE 19凸极发电机的相量图凸极发电机的相量图已知发电机的端电压、负载电
5、流和功率因数及已知发电机的端电压、负载电流和功率因数及参数参数Ra、xd、xq 。1 1、已知内功率因数角、已知内功率因数角按照电势方程式的关系作出相量图2、未知内功率因数角1)利用方程式求出:2)利用公式求出:qaQxIjIRUE cosUIRsinUIxarctanaq20 daqaEEEEEEUIR平衡方程式adfdFF1F磁动势平衡方程式addFIaqqFIfIfFIdddEFEaqaqEE21A 励磁电枢AAA22n1nn )(fIfI A 励磁电枢AAA23UIXsRaI0INIfKIf短路特性曲线短路特性曲线隐极同步电机原理图隐极同步电机原理图 0E24090;0;00 qaIR
6、U dqqddXIjXIjXIjE 0 cos;sinIIIIqd qqddaXIjXIjRIUE 0)1(0dXEI IfFaFFaF 0EaE EaE相矢图相矢图凸极同步电机忽略绕组电阻忽略绕组电阻ra25 0E XIjXIjRIUXIjEEEEaaa 00)2(0fIE )1(0dXEI 26忽略绕组电阻忽略绕组电阻rakIEFkaIF kaffIFFFI127dKXIjE 0UKI 0 EXdKdIEX0 28312U IIfIf0IfkIkINUNE00KdIEX0 KdIEX0 *000*KNKNNKNNdNdIEIIUEUIEIUXIX 29NkCIIK 312U IIfIf0I
7、fkIkINUNE0030312U IIfIf0IfkIkINUNE00*00)(*1dsCCsKNNNNKbddXKKKKIIUEIUIEZXX 不饱和值不饱和值fkfNkCIIIIK0 31不饱和值)不饱和值)(*dsCXKK 3233)(;cos;1fIfUconstconstInn )(;cos;1fNIfUconstIInn 34A 励磁电枢AAAABC350cos UIfIfA0INUN36IfFFaFxI jdxI j UaF 0E E adE EUIadxI jxI j adE 0E EqqddaXIjXIjRIUE 0090;00 qaIR adxIj 37UIfIfQA0I
8、 EfFFaFxI jdxI jaF U 0E adEINUNadfFFF IxEIxEUd 038)(;0;1fIfUInn IxEIxEUd 0UIfIfQA0UN EFaFxI jdxI jaF U 0E39UIfMRP0IfaIf KI 0EaEE EaXIj XIj IfaIfk40NNNddNNIQAIUEXXIUE 00I ExI jdxI j U 0EUIfIfQA0INUN41UIfANKCBR042XIBCNUIfANKCBR0CAKCNKNAIfN EUIadxI jxI j adE 0E E43IIXBC UIfANKCBMRP0IfaIf 44UIfANKCBMRP0
9、IfaIf ffafkIIIIfk453求定子漏电抗求定子漏电抗已知空载特性及零功率数特性曲线已知空载特性及零功率数特性曲线UIfANCBR0DNIBCXNppIBCXXX:46)(;cos;1IfUconstconstInnf V负载AAA=A47UI0UNcos=0.8(滞后滞后)cos=0.8(超前超前)cos=1IN48NNNIIUU ;coscos;ffNII%1000NNUUEu(2)保持保持IfN,卸去负载,使,卸去负载,使I=0(空载空载),此时端电压变为,此时端电压变为E0。UI0UNINE049%100%0NNUUEU50 )(;cos;1IfIconstUUnnfN If
10、I0U=UNcos=0.8(滞后滞后)cos=0.8(超前超前)cos=1INIfNcos=0.8(滞后滞后)和和cos=1,当当I,电枢,电枢反应去磁作用反应去磁作用,要,要保持保持U=const应使应使Ifcos=0.8(超前超前)当当I,电枢反应助磁,电枢反应助磁作用作用,要保持,要保持U=const应使应使If51%100)1()(;coscos;221 PPPPfUUnnNN P三三.效率特性效率特性:损耗损耗 基本损耗基本损耗:电枢基本铁耗:电枢基本铁耗PFe 电枢基本铜耗电枢基本铜耗Pcua 励磁损耗励磁损耗Pcuf 机械损耗机械损耗Pm 杂散损耗:杂散损耗:涡流损耗涡流损耗;表面省耗表面省耗5253IUIRaIXsj 0E IU aRI qXIj QE q轴轴dI qI qqXIj ddXIj 0 E 隐极式隐极式凸极式凸极式%1000NNUUEu545556naFn1addWx 2adaddRIUXIjEEE 057naFn13)当当 Fa与转子与转子q 轴一致时,轴一致时,Rm 大,大,小小,xq小,小,aqqWx 2aqqRIUXIjE 058XdXadX XqXaqX naFn1naFn1minmaxIUXdmaxminIUXqXT5960smmmmZIEUZIZIUZIZIU0111111