1、专题讲座专题讲座:被动语态被动语态 上海市刘行中学上海市刘行中学 季晓春季晓春 2005.2 .27The Passive Voice被动语态被动语态 The Active Voice:The Passive Voice:主语是动作的执行者.sb.does sth.某人做某事主语是动作的承受者Sth.be done by sb.某事被某人做某事被做（被某人）Many people English 123is spoken by many people 主动被动 speak English先找出谓语动词，将其之后的宾语先找出谓语动词，将其之后的宾语 主语主语主动语态改为被动语态的三个步骤：主动语
2、态改为被动语态的三个步骤：将其主语将其主语by+宾格宾格 根据时态，动词变化根据时态，动词变化 do/does am/is/are+PP主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态的基本结构:be+PP.1.一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：过去将来时：现在完成时：过去完成时：现在进行时：过去进行时：主动结构被动结构do/doesam/is/are+PP.didwas/were+PP.will dowill be+PP.be going to dobe going to be+PP.(am/is/are)would dowould be+PP.be going to dobe going to
3、be+PP.(was/were)have/has+PP.have/has been+PP.had+PP.had been+PP.am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+PP.was/were+doingwas/were+being+PP(be助动词，PP不变量）情态动词和半助动词的被动语态结构情态动词和半助动词的被动语态结构:情态动词do(can/may/must/should/ought to)情态动词+be+PP.2.半助动词do半助动词+be+PP.(have to/used to/seem to/be sure to)关于关于by 短语省略的短语省略的2种情况种情
4、况 不知某事被谁所做 不必说出动作被谁所做 用作被动语态时，by短语可省略 A:他的手表昨天被偷了.B:这部小说写于1999年。This novel was written in 1999.His watch was stolen yesterday.在英语语法中哪些动词和句子不用被动语态在英语语法中哪些动词和句子不用被动语态:1.不及物动词没有被动语态.在初中阶段常见的不及物动词有：happen/take place/appear/disappear/belong to/rise 等T or FA:The truck isnt belonged to the factory.B:The tr
5、uck doesnt belong to the factory.C:A horse was appeared in the distance.D:A horse appeared in the distance.E:The story happened in 1949.F:The story was happened in 1949.(T)G:The sun rises in the east.H:The sun is risen in the east.(F)(F)(T)(T)(F)(T)(F)下星期学校将举行一个运动会下星期学校将举行一个运动会Using“there be”A:There
6、 will be a sports meeting in our school next weekUsing “hold”.B:We will hold a sports meeting in our school next week主动被动C:A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.Using“have”D:We will have a sports meeting in our school next week.Using“take place”E:A sports meeting will take place in o
7、ur school next week.A sports meeting will be taken place in our school next week.(X)上海这些年发生了巨大的变化上海这些年发生了巨大的变化.Using“there be”A:There have been great changes in Shanghai these years.Beginning with Shanghai.(2 ways)B:Shanghai has changed a lot these years.C:Shanghai has changed greatly these years.Be
8、ginning with great changesD:Great changes have taken place in Shanghai these years.2.连系动词没有被动语态连系动词没有被动语态:连系动词有三大类be动词变得(get,become,turn,grow,etc)感官动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel,etc)这花闻起来很香.(The flower smells sweet.)这菜很好吃.(The dish tastes good.)这个主意听起来很有趣.(The idea sounds very interesting.)3.表示度量的词
9、，不能用被动语态.他的体重50 kg.(He weighs 50 kilograms)如:weigh,measure 等.4.表示去向的动词没有被动语态:如:come/go/leave,etc.C:The book was cost 5 yuan by me.5.表示状态的动词没有被动语态:如:have(有)fit(适合)hold（容纳）cost（值）enter（进入）join（加入）miss(错过)A:The coat is fit well by her.B:The early bus was missed by me.The coat fits her well.I missed the
10、 early bus.The book cost me 5 yuan.6.部分短语动词,有些可用被动语态有些不可用被动语态，需加以区别.T or F:A:The children have been well looked after.B:He wasnt agreed with by them.C:They quite agreed with him.7.以反身代词和相互代词为宾语的句子没有被动语态.B:We often help each other.8.带同源宾语的句子不能变为被动语态A:He lived a hard life on the farm.B:He dreamed a sw
11、eet dream.(T)(F)(T)A:The boy is teaching himself French9.宾语是主语（人）身上的某一部分或感官时，不可变为被动语态.A:She raised her hand.10.宾语是动词不定式或动名词时，不可改为被动语态。B:They stopped talking just now.(动名词)A:I hope to do the job.(动词不定式)B:He shut his mouth.C:People believe that he will win the game.六被动语态中的一些疑难问题六被动语态中的一些疑难问题1.主动谓语被动谓语
12、 be动词按新主语的人称、数量作变化，谓语由主动结构变为被动结构.2.如果宾语是that引导的宾语从句，那么可转化为it作形式主语的名词性从句。如It is known that/It is said that/It is believed that A:We know that Britain is an island country.(object clause)It is known that Britain is an island country.B:They say that the area is rich in oil.It is said that the area is r
13、ich in oil.It is believed that he will win the game.We were taught how to swim(by him).3.SVOO这种结构中的谓语动词一般带双宾语。即直接宾语和间接宾语。A:My uncle gave me two pens.间接宾语作主语：I was given two pens by my uncle.直接宾语作主语：Two pens were given to me by my uncle.give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.(sth.is a n.not a pron.)B:She has bou
14、ght them some cakes.间接宾语作主语：They have been bought some cakes by her.Some cakes have been bought for them by her.如果直接宾语是宾语从句或动词不定式，间接宾语作主语.直接宾语作主语:buy sb sth buy sth for sbHe taught us how to swim.4.SVOC这种结构转化时，通常把宾语转化为主语，保留宾语补足语。Sb.be seen doing补语为分词，在被动语态中还是doing.A:seehearfindSb.be found doingsb.do
15、ingSb.be heard doingB:make letseehearfindsb.do sth.Sb.be made to doSb.be let to doSb.be seen to doSb.be heard to doSb.be found to do补语为不带to的动词不定式，在被动语态中要补足to.I found him a bright boy.He was found(to be)a bright boy.Yesterday I _(invite)_(have)dinner by my friend.C:补语为adj./nasktell invitesb.to doSb.b
16、e asked to dotold to doinvited to do一般来说，ask/tell/invite 等后面直接跟to do,则表示被动语态。was invitedto haveWine is made from rice.5.be+PP 结构有时并不表示被动语态某些动词如be/look/feel等后的过去分词实际上已转化为形容词，作表语，表示状态、情绪等。He was surprised at the news.She felt pleased with his work.The book is well written.F:The glass was broken by the
17、 boy.玻璃杯被男孩打破了。（被动结构，表示动作）COMPAREA:The door was closed.门关着（系表结构，表示状态）B:The door was closed by her.门被他关上了。（被动结构，表示动作）C:The top of the hill is covered with snow.山顶覆盖着雪.（系表结构，表示状态）D:The top of the hill is covered by a cloud.山顶被一片云笼罩着。（被动结构，表示动作）E:The glass was broken.玻璃杯破了。（系表结构，表示状态）6.被动语态中的by 短语和with
18、短语by 短语动作的执行者，即动作是谁做的with短语做某事所用的工具或手段，或表示某种情态或状态这封信是亨利写的。The letter was written by Henry.这封信是用钢笔写的。The letter was written with a pen.亨利用钢笔写了这封信。Henry wrote the letter with a pen.老虎是被一个猎人打死的。The tiger was killed by a hunter.老虎是用枪打死的。The tiger was killed with a gun.猎人用枪打死了老虎。The hunter killed the tig
19、er with a gun.7.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可漏掉组成短语的介词或副词。A.这篇课文必须再复习一遍。The text must be gone over again.B.那位老人被照顾得很好。The old man is taken good care of.C.你应该注意这些规则。You should pay attention to the rules.The rules should be paid attention to.思考题思考题He is a good teacher and loved by the students.他是一个好老师，受到
20、学生们的热爱。考虑一下这个句子是否是一个病句？He is a good teacher and is loved by the students.1.He writes many business letters every day.2.Everyone welcomed that restaurant at that time.3.Their parents have bought them two computers.4.We often see the girls dance in the classroom.5.The teacher made them play football f
21、or two hours.6.They say that the island is a good place for holiday.7.We should hang up the wet clothes here.EXERCISES:I.Put the following into the passive voice1.When the work _,the worker will have a rest.()A.is going to do B.will be done C.is going to be done D.is done2._all the rooms _every day?
22、()A.Has,been cleaned B.Do,be cleaned C.Are,cleaned D.Will,cleaned3.A railway _between the two cities now.()A.built B.has built C.is been built D.is being built4.Why have you brought your dog to school again?()You _several times not to do so.A.have told B.have been told C.are told D.are being told5.T
23、hat house is very dirty.You can see it_ for quite a few days.()A.isnt cleaned B.hasnt been cleaned C.wasnt cleaned D.hadnt been cleaned6.I told the lady that the seat _already.()A.had taken B.took C.was taken D.had been taken7.A letter _to him next week.()A.will be sent B.will send C.is sending D.wi
24、ll have sentII.Multiple Choice:DCDBBDA1.Youd better stay indoors because it _(rain)2.How many guests_(invite)_(come)to the party last night?3.Printing _(invent)by the Chinese hundreds of years ago.4.Suddenly he _(appear)in front of me.5.Good medicine _(taste)bitter.6.The clerk put the parcel on the
25、scale to find out how much it _(weigh).7.A lot of time _(waste)_(discuss)unimportant things since morning.III.Complete the sentences with proper tenses.Use the active or passive voice as required.is rainingwere invitedto comewas inventedappearedtastesweighedhas been wasteddiscussingI.Put the followi
26、ng into the passive voice:1.People use English at important international conferences.2.Mr.Wang set up a private school in that village.3.They asked me to speak at the meeting.4.They had to think over these questions.5.They will make new laws to fight pollution.6.The ten-year-old boy will protect th
27、e books in that way.7.You mustnt take the magazines out of the reading room.8.We were doing our homework at eight last night.自测自测题题II.Multiple Choice:1.Look！The old cinema _pulled down.A.has B.is C.will have D.is being.2.At the party Mary _a lot of birthday presents.A.was given B.was gave C.gave D.h
28、ad given3.No letters _from her since she went to work in Africa.A.has been received B.have been received C.received D.are received4.The students in Grade 2 _to the cinema twice a week.A.are taken B.are being taken C.have taken D.are taking5.This film _in the town before.A.has not shown B.has not bee
29、n shown C.is not shown D.was not showing6.America_by Columbus in 1492.A.discovered B.had discovered C.had been discovered.D.was discovered.7.When the bank _three weeks ago,the police were there waiting for the robbers.A.were broken into B.has been broken into C had been broken into D.was broken into
30、.8.English _all over the world.A.is speaking B.speaking C.speaks D.is spokenIII.Complete the sentences with proper tenses.Use the active or passive voice as required.1.My mother usually_(leave)home for work at 7:00 in the morning.2.Smoking _(not allow)in the meeting room.3.By this time tomorrow my f
31、ather _(arrive)in Beijing.4.No one can tell what _(happen)in the future.5.Jane could not remember whether she _(return)me the book or not.6.This topic _(talk)about for the past few months.7.He _(tell)not to come here again yesterday.8.Peter was late for school because he_(miss)the early bus.自测题答案I.1
32、.English is used at important international conferences.2.A private school was set up in that village by Mr.Wang.3.I was asked to speak at the meeting by them.4.These questions had to be thought over by them.5.New laws will be made to fight pollution.6.The books will be protected in that way by the ten-year-old boy.7.The magazines mustnt be taken out of the reading room.8.Our homework was being done at eight last night(by us).II.D A B A B D D DIII.1.leaves 2.is not allowed 3.will have arrived 4.will happen 5.had returned 6.has been talked 7.was told 8.had missed
