1、2020-2021学年北京市高三下学期综合能力测试英语试题英语本试卷共12页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ask 3-year-old Wolfy about his future plans, and youll quickly discover this kids aspirations area lot more
2、down to earth.His obsession? Garbage trucks and the men who drive and_1_them.Up until recently, due to a pandemic, Wolfy was spending most days at home. His favorite day of the week was Fridaytrash collection day, of course. Every Friday morning, Wolfy_2_waited for his beloved garbage trucks to make
3、 their run up his street. Under his parents supervision, Wolfy became something of a _3_to the trash collectors. To Wolfy, these men are superheroes. Two of them, D. J. and Drew, became his particular pals, earning him and his trash team the nickname of the “Wolfpack.”Wolfys parents knew they werent
4、 able to throw him a big birthday party._4_， they told him he could invite a couple of friends over for cake. Wolfys ideal guest list was obvious. “Drew and D. J. ! he_5_.On the morning of September 9, four bright green garbage trucks, horns honking, rolled their way up the street to the delight of
5、the ecstatic birthday boy and his stunned family.“The guys came_6_gifts, howling out their windows and took time to play with Wolfy, ”his mom posted to her Facebook page. “He even got to honk the horn!Does it get any better!?”The superheroes climbed down from their trucks to celebrate Wolfys birthda
6、y. After they_7_the little boy with trash-related gifts, shared cake, and played with toy trucks, Wolfys garbage collecting heroes drove off to their other appointed rounds.Wolfys mom, more than a little impressed, _8_ her feelings, saying, “These are really kind gentle_9_who are full of positive, g
7、ood energy. These men are ideal role models.”Theyre the next generation to come, so seeing them enthusiastic about something even as_10_as what we do in our everyday lives brings meaning and shows the importance of what everyone does in society.1. A. cleanB. loadC. repairD. collect2. A. eagerlyB. he
8、sitantlyC. patientlyD. naturally3. A. joyB. pityC. desireD. trouble4. A. BesidesB. FurtherC. InsteadD. Otherwise5. A. complainedB. orderedC. rejectedD. declared6. A. arrangingB. bearingC. enjoyingD. advertising7. A. amusedB. equippedC. preparedD. showered8. A. put upB. made upC. broke upD. summed up
9、9. A. soulsB. leadersC. instructorsD. colleagues10. A. boringB. annoyingC. simpleD. significant【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述小男孩Wolfy对垃圾车和收集垃圾的人很着迷，他认为他们就是超级英雄，收集垃圾的人也对Wolfy的热情给予了很大回应，并且在他生日的那天给了他特殊的礼物和庆祝方式。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他所痴迷的是什么？垃圾车和开垃圾车装垃圾的人。A. clean
10、打扫；B. load装载；C. repair修理；D. collect收集。根据下文“His favorite day of the week was Fridaytrash collection day”可知，Wolfy痴迷于开着垃圾车装垃圾的人。故选B项。【2题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：沃尔夫急切地等待着他心爱的垃圾车在他的街道上行驶。A. eagerly急切地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. patiently耐心地；D. naturally自然地。根据上文“His favorite day of the week was Fridaytrash collection day
11、”可知，Wolfy最喜欢的是垃圾收集的那一天，因此他等待收垃圾车在街上行驶的心情是急切的。故选A项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他父母的监督下，沃尔夫成为了垃圾收集者的乐趣。A. joy乐趣；B. pity遗憾；C. desire欲望；D. trouble麻烦。根据下文“Two of them, D. J. and Drew, became his particular pals, earning him and his trash team the nickname of the “Wolfpack.”可知，垃圾收集者们喜欢Wolfy，因此他成为他们的乐趣。故选A项。【4题详解】考
12、查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们告诉他，他可以邀请几个朋友过来吃蛋糕。A. Besides此外；B. Further进一步地；C. Instead相反；D. Otherwise否则。前文的“Wolfys parents knew they werent able to throw him a big birthday party.”和下文的“they told him he could invite a couple of friends over for cake.”为转折关系，他的父母知道他们无法为他举办大的生日派对，但是他可以邀请几个朋友过来吃蛋糕。故选C项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析
13、。句意：沃尔夫理想的宾客名单是显而易见的。“Drew和D.J.!”他宣称。A. complained抱怨；B. ordered命令；C. rejected拒绝；D. declared宣布。根据“Wolfys ideal guest list was obvious. “Drew and D. J. !”可知，当父母说他可以邀请几个朋友来吃蛋糕时，他宣布了他的宾客名单。故选D项。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大伙儿带着礼物来了，在窗户外叫着，花时间和沃尔夫玩。A. arranging安排；B. bearing携带；C. enjoying享受；D. advertising广告。根据上文“ro
14、lled their way up the street to the delight of the ecstatic birthday boy and his stunned family.”可知，Wolfy的朋友们来给他过生日，可以推断他们带着礼物。故选B项。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们给小男孩送了很多垃圾相关的礼物，分享了蛋糕，玩了玩具卡车之后，沃尔夫的垃圾收集英雄们就开车去了其他指定的地方。A. amused娱乐；B. equipped装备；C. prepared准备；D. showered大量地给予。根据下文“the little boy with trash-relat
15、ed gifts, shared cake, and played with toy trucks,”可知，Wolfy的朋友们对他的生日很重视，因此给他送了很多礼物。故选D项。【8题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：沃尔夫的妈妈非常感动，总结了她的感受，说：“这些是非常善良温柔的灵魂，充满了积极向上的能量。这些人是理想的榜样。”A. put up张贴；B. made up弥补；C. broke up打碎；D. summed up总结。根据下文“These are really kind gentle_9_who are full of positive, good energy. These me
16、n are ideal role models.”可知，接下来是Wolfy的妈妈在这些人对Wolfy做了这么多事情之后的感受，属于总结性的话语。故选D项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：沃尔夫的妈妈非常感动，总结了她的感受，说：“这些是非常善良温柔的灵魂，充满了积极向上的能量。这些人是理想的榜样。”A. souls灵魂；B. leaders领导；C. instructors讲师；D. colleagues同事。根据下文“who are full of positive, good energy. These men are ideal role models.”可知，Wolfy的妈妈认为这
17、些人充满正能量，所以他们是温柔善良的灵魂。故选A项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是下一代人，所以看到他们对我们日常生活中所做的这么简单的事情充满热情，就意味着意义，也表明了每个人在社会中所做的事情的重要性。A. boring无聊的；B. annoying令人恼怒的； C. simple简单的；D. significant有意义的。根据前文“something even”可知，收垃圾是如此的简单的事情，他们却对此充满着热情，这给了人们希望。故选C项。第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，
18、在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A little girl ran to her bedroom and pulled out her piggy bank from a secret drawer in her closet. She_11_(break) the piggy bank，took the change and counted it cautiously. Three times， even. The total had to be exactly perfect as there shouldnt be any chance for mistake here
19、.She_12_(careful) placed the coins in a jar，twisted on the cap and then slipped out of the back door. She made her way six blocks to a drug store. She waited patiently for the pharmacist_13_(give) her some attention but he was too busy attending other customers at that moment._14_ she tried several
20、times to get his attention，she wasnt successful.【答案】11. broke 12. carefully 13. to give 14. Although/Though【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一个小姑娘拿零花钱去买药的故事。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：她打破了储蓄罐，拿了零钱，仔细数了数。根据空后“ took the change and counted”可知，此处并列连词and连接并列的谓语动词，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填broke。12题详解】考查副词。句意：她小心翼翼地把硬币放进一个罐子里，拧上
21、盖子，然后从后门溜了出去。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词placed，careful的副词为carefully“小心地”。故填carefully。【13题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：她耐心地等待药剂师的注意，但药剂师此时正忙于照顾其他顾客。wait for sb. to do sth.等待某人做某事，固定搭配，此处动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to give。【14题详解】考查连词。句意：虽然她试了好几次想引起他的注意，但都没有成功。根据前后句意可知，空处需用从属连词although/though“虽然”引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Although/Though。B阅读下列短文，根据
22、短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Chime bells, bin zhng,are the most majestic and holy ancient instrument in China. As a symbol of power,they_15_(use) for sacrificial ceremonies or other crucial ceremonies. Starting 3,500 years ago,bin zhng,were composed of bells_16_different scal
23、es. The bells are played by mallets (木槌) and create the sounds of seven musical scales, much like the piano. Whats more amazing is that one bell can generate two notes when_17_(strike) at different spots. Its exquisite cast and pure sound revealed the high level of ancient Chinese civilization and w
24、isdom.【答案】15. were used 16. in 17. struck【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了古老乐器编钟的神奇之处。【15题详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：作为权力的象征，编钟被用于祭祀仪式或其他重要的仪式。根据句意可知，此处表示过去编钟被用于祭祀仪式或其他重要的仪式，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是复数they，所以be动词需用were。故填were used。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：从3500年前开始，编钟由不同音阶的钟组成。此处表示以不同的音阶构成，所以空处需用介词in，in different sca
25、les以不同音阶，固定搭配。故填in。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意：更令人惊奇的是，一个钟在不同的地方敲击时能发出两个音符。分析句子结构可知，空处when引导的时间状语从句省略了主语one bell，此处表示被敲击，所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，因为when从句的主语和主句一致，且含be动词，所以此处省略one bell was，空处需用过去分词struck。故填struck。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In the paper Power Ge
26、ts You High by Gerben Van Kleef，he claims that high-power individuals tend to experience_18_(few) social restrictions and more resource-rich environments compared to their lower power counterparts. This means that people with a perceived high level of power are more likely to dismiss established soc
27、ial constructs. Whether its intentional or not，high-power people place_19_(them) socially at a distance and tend to act on their own concepts，_20_they believe will help them gain control over valued resources.【答案】18. fewer 19. themselves 20. which【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章给我们解释了为何高权力者的社会限制较少。【18题详解】考查形容词的比较
28、级。句意：在Gerben Van Kleef的论文Power Gets You High中，他声称，与权力较低的人相比，权力较高的人往往经历较少的社会限制和资源丰富的环境。根据空后“more resource-rich”可知，空处形容词few需用其比较级形式fewer，表示较少的社会限制。故填fewer。【19题详解】考查代词。句意：不管是有意还是无意，高权力者都把自己置身于一个远离社会的地方，倾向于按照自己的观念行事，他们相信这将帮助他们获得对宝贵资源的控制。此处指高权力者都把自己置身于一个远离社会的地方，所以空处需用them的反身代词themselves作宾语。故填themselves。【
29、20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是concepts，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，此处they believe是插入成分，所以空处需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AConstantly regret spending too much time on your phone but just cannot stop? You are not a
30、lone. Here are five tips from Prof. Mark Griffiths， psychologist and behavioral addiction expert at Nottingham Trent University to help you live well with your phone.Step it down graduallyThe urge to check your phone can become reflexive and habitual. For some， going a few minutes without checking t
31、heir phone is difficult. If this sounds like you， try to go 15 minutes without doing it. Once you realize this is possible， increase the length of time you avoid checking to 30 minutes， an hour， and then a few hours， or a day.Monitor usageDownload an app that will tell you how much time youre spendi
32、ng online. This could make you aware of a problemthe first step to a solution.Buy an alarm clockDont use your phone as an alarm， or you might be tempted(诱惑) to check texts and emails last thing at night and as soon as you wake up. Instead， ban phones from the bedroom. Designate bedtimes and mealtime
33、s as smartphone-free zones. Consider buying a clock， so youre no longer tempted by emails and texts when you check the time.Spring clean your contacts How many online friends do you actually speak to? Reduce alerts and distractions by removing contacts on social networking sites， deleting unused app
34、s， and unsubscribing from groups that offer little benefit. Consider deleting any games that are taking up a lot of your time.Learn to waitBe mindful of the benefits of not regularly checking your phone. People who react to messages as they arrive tend to write longer responses than those who wait a
35、nd deal with them all as a block. Waiting will gain you time to spend on other activities.21. According to the passage， which of the following can help ban phones from the bed ?A. Monitoring usage.B. Using a clock.C. Cleaning contacts.D. Learning to wait.22. It can be learnt from the passage that_.A
36、. games take up more time than other appsB. reacting to messages in time is importantC. people are often tempted to use cell phonesD. people shouldnt check emails by cell phones23. The purpose of the article is to_.A. introduce ways to manage phone usagesB. emphasize the harm of using cellphonesC. p
37、ersuade readers to get rid of cellphonesD. explain multiple functions of cellphones【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。诺丁汉特伦特大学的心理学家和行为成瘾专家马克格里菲斯教授给出了五条建议，帮助我们更好地使用手机。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Buy an alarm clock中的“Consider buying a clock， so youre no longer tempted by emails and texts when you check the ti
38、me.(考虑买个时钟，这样当你查看时间的时候就不会被邮件和短信诱惑了。)”可知，使用闹钟有助于阻止你在床上使用手机。故选B。【22题详解】推理判断题题。根据文章第一段“Constantly regret spending too much time on your phone but just cannot stop?(总是后悔在手机上花了太多时间，又停不下来?)”、Step it down gradually中的“The urge to check your phone can become reflexive and habitual. (查看手机的冲动会变成条件反射和习惯。)”和Spri
39、ng clean your contacts中的“Reduce alerts and distractions by removing contacts on social networking sites， deleting unused apps， and unsubscribing from groups that offer little benefit. Consider deleting any games that are taking up a lot of your time. (删除社交网站上的联系人、删除不用的应用程序、取消订阅那些没什么好处的群组，可以减少提醒和干扰。考
40、虑删除任何占用你大量时间的游戏。)”可推断，人们经常被诱惑使用手机。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Here are five tips from Prof. Mark Griffiths， psychologist and behavioral addiction expert at Nottingham Trent University to help you live well with your phone. (诺丁汉特伦特大学的心理学家和行为成瘾专家马克格里菲斯教授给出了五条建议，帮助你更好地使用手机。)”及全文可推断，本文的目的是介绍管理电话使用的方法。故选A。B
41、Paralympian Anastasia Pagonis remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at age 14. Granted, its a tough age for any teen, but dealing with a life-changing disability made things even more challenging.“It took me about eight months to regroup myself,” she told TODAY, “and then I got it
42、in my head, Okay, Im blind. Now what am I going to do with my life?”A Long Island native, Pagonis practically grew up in the water. Shed taken up competitive freestyle swimming just a few months prior to going totally blind. While she excelled at the sport with limited vision, an “abusive team” atmo
43、sphere prompted her to quit competition.After months of therapy, however, the persistent teen was ready to get back in the swim-only swimming wasnt enough for Pagonis. She wanted to compete.Now she was faced with another dilemma. “Nobody wanted to train the blind girl,” she recalled in an interview
44、with TEAM USA. “I ended up after about eight months finding an amazing coach who was willing to train me and actually put on blackout goggles to try to figure out a way for me to swim.”By the age of 16, Pagonis was earning a reputation as a fierce competitor, taking two gold medals at the World Para
45、 Swimming World Series in Australia. When Pagonis realized her experiences and positive outlook might be a boon(益处) to others, she eagerly stepped up as a role model. “I want to help people the way I needed help,” Pagonis told TEAM USA. “I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon gettin
46、g a bunch of replies saying, Wow! You really helped me get through bad things, or, I was getting bullied in school and you helped me get through that, or, You let me know how much I was worth.”Back in the water, Pagonis was truly in her element. “Its my happy place,” she told TODAY. “Its the place w
47、here I feel like I dont have a disability and I feel like thats the only place where I feel free. When I dive in the water, its just me in the pool and I feel such a connection with it. Sometimes you need to take a leap of faith because if you dont try, you dont know. Always follow your dreams.”24.
48、What difficulty did Pagonis face after she quit competition?A. She had to wear goggles.B. It was hard to find her a coachC. Her skills werent useful in darkness.D. She couldnt do the freestyle anymore.25. It can be learnt from the passage that Pagonis_.A. stopped swimming for two yearsB. improved her vision by swimming
