1、中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年11月测试英语试卷第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAutumn is great for European walking: paths are mud-free, temperatures are mild, crowds are few and beautiful colors abound.The following are four European adventures to walk your w
2、ay through autumn.The unknown CilentoSouth of Italys Amalfi Coast hides a much less discovered wonderland.After stopping to view the marvelous Greek temple remains at Paestum, Sherpas next destination concentrates on the Cilento National Park first following its rugged seashore past the occasional m
3、yrtle grove (小树林), and sandy beach, then leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns.Home-cooked dinners conclude exciting days of goat tracks and ghost villages before a scenic path leads back to the seaside.Four nights 630 half board, including transport, luggage
4、 transfers and walking notes.Last departure October 31.Turkish delightsFollow an impressive section of Turkeys expansive Lycian Way, gradually moving from cliffs to coastline.Youll begin in pine-filled peaks, typically on shaded paths to sea views, and stop at both a pool-boasting upscale hotel and
5、one of the Yanartas regions ever-burning flames possibly fueled by a monster below.A fine fish restaurant comes next, then a mile-long sandy beach ahead of two days on lonely Cape Gelidonya, finishing by its lighthouse.Six nights 790, including ten other meals, transport, luggage transfers and walki
6、ng notes.Last departure in early November.Carpathian clambersPoland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries.Some days include the option of climbing to snowy peaks or taking easier, lo
7、wer-altitude options, and youll likely meet the Gorals a culturally-distinct group known as “highlanders”.Most memorable activity will be walking along the 300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica.Seven nights 630, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October
8、 24.Flowers and fetaGreeces Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the “Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物)” for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids.Between villages of whitewashed, flower-decorated stone houses, walkers can follow old paths onto mountainsides, and wander through oliv
9、e groves or beside the glittering Aegean Sea.Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.Seven nights 535, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes.Last departure October 23.1. What can you do when y
10、ou are in the unknown Cilento?A. Swim in a pool.B. Have a spa.C. Explore medieval towns.D. Walk through olive groves.2. Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October?A. Turkey.B. Cilento.C. GreeceD. Krakow.3. Which of the following is true according to the pas
11、sage?A. It is a monster that fuels the fire in Yanartas region.B. Meals are free when you are taking the first adventure.C. You can enjoy a spa from Gorals in the town Szczawnica.D. Bean soup can be served in the pub of Greeces Pelion Peninsula.【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了秋天的四个欧洲之旅。【1题详解】细节
12、理解题。根据The unknown Cilento部分“leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns.”可知，把现代化抛在脑后，去内陆的中世纪山顶城镇冒险。由此可知，在unknown Cilento可以探索中世纪的城镇。故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Turkish delights部分“Last departure in early November.”（最后一次出发在十一月初），其他几个线路最后一次出发的时间都在十月份，所以如果打算在十月份后去欧洲旅行，最好选择的目的地是“T
13、urkish delights”，也就是土耳其，故选A。3题详解】细节理解题。根据Flowers and feta部分“Greeces Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the “Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物)” for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids.”（希腊佩利翁半岛是一个被称为“人首马身的怪物之地”的地方，因为它与神话中的马人混血儿有关）和“Some days yield swimming opportunities, and othe
14、rs the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread.”（有些日子有游泳的机会，有些日子则有机会在当地的酒吧里喝豆汤、吃羊乳酪面包），可知D选项“希腊佩利翁半岛的酒吧可以供应豆汤”这一表述正确，故选D。BLou Gehrig (1903-1941) was a baseball player with the New York Yankees for 17 seasons. He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehri
15、g was a strong, tough and very moral man. His father was often out-of-work because he was an alcoholic and his mother was a maid. His two sisters and only brother died young.As a young boy, Gehrig helped his mother with her work. However, he never let his tough start hold him back. He started playin
16、g for the Yankees in 1923 after attending Columbia University, setting many major league records during his career. This included the most consecutive games played (2130 games), a record only broken 56 years later in 1995.Sadly, at the age of 36, he started to tire mid-season and his speed and coope
17、ration ability faded. He resigned. Soon after he was diagnosed with a form of motor neuron disease named amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.After his speech, the crowd stood and
18、clapped for almost two minutes. The New York Times reported that it was “one of the most touching scenes ever witnessed on a ball field”. Gehrig died two years later of the disease. This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still commonly known as “Lou Gehrigs
19、disease”. The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given each year to the Major League Baseball player who best exhibits Gehrigs integrity and character.4 When did Lou Gehrig give his speech?A. in 1903.B. in 1923.C. in 1939.D. in 1940.5. Who are the audience for Lous speech?A. His family.B. His friends.C. H
20、is opponents.D. His supporters.6. Why is the illness known as “Lou Gehrigs disease”?A. Lou Gehrig named the disease.B. This disease is related to playing baseball.C. People get to know the disease due to Lou Gehrig.D. The disease had never appeared before Lou Gehrig caught it.7. What word can best d
21、escribe Lou Gehrig according to the passage?A. Determined and persistent.B. Emotional and patient.C. Wealthy and humorous.D. Gentle and generous.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名棒球运动员Lou Gehrig，包括他的家庭背景、在棒球领域的成就和以及对人们的影响等。【4题详解】细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“at the age of 36”和最后一句“He delivered his farewell
22、-to-baseball speech to his teammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.”（ 同年7月4日，他在洋基球场向他的队友和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲。）可知Lou Gehrig演讲时是36岁，再由一段第一句中“Lou Gehrig (1903-1941)”可知，Lou Gehrig出生于1903年，他36岁时，应该是1939年。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“He delivered his farewell-to-baseball speech to his te
23、ammates and fans on 4 July of the same year at the Yankee Stadium.”（ 同年7月4日，他在洋基球场向他的队友和球迷发表了告别棒球的演讲。）可知，Lou Gehrig演讲时的观众是他的队友和球迷，这些人都是他的支持者。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由第三段第三、四句“Gehrig died two years later of the disease.This increased awareness of the disease and its symptoms; in North America it is still co
24、mmonly known as Lou Gehrigs disease”（ 两年后，Gehrig死于这种疾病。这提高了人们对这种疾病及其症状的认识；在北美，（现在）它仍然通常被称为“卢伽雷氏病”。）可知，Gehrig之死，提高了人们对这种病的认识，所以人们开始了解这种疾病是由于Lou Gehrig。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由第一段第二、三句“He was a powerful hitter known as “The Iron Horse”. Gehrig was a strong, tough and very moral man.”（ 他是一位被称为“铁马”的强力击球手。格里克是
25、一个强壮、坚强、道德高尚的人。）以及“However, he never let his tough start hold him back.”（然而，他从未让艰难的开始阻碍他）可以推断，他是个意志坚强，坚持不懈的人。A项“坚定且坚持不懈”符合题意。故选A项。CWe know that the pandemic(流行病)has had a far-reaching impact on our minds so much so that it may have changed the very fabric of our society altogether. Mental health pro
26、fessionals think that those with social anxiety will not emerge from the pandemic unaffected.Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, “For people with social anxiety, lockdown will make them deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another.” He added, “On one hand, a person with so
27、cial anxiety may feel relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person, but they may also feel that they have lost the opportunity to socialize with the people they feel safe and secure spending time with, meaning that they feel a new level of isolation and a different level of anxiety about
28、 socializing in any form.Without the security of those they feel safe with, self-confidence may very well decrease rapidly.Lockdown may have had a negative impact on those with social anxiety.”Dr Daria J.Kuss, associate professor in psychology at Nottingham Trent University, says: “Following the loc
29、kdown, people in this country were allowed to meet up again, which for individuals with social anxiety may have led to stress and worry.They may not be comfortable being expected to be social again, especially when in larger groups, and may worry about saying the wrong things and asking the wrong qu
30、estions as they are reintegrating into their offline social lives.” Furthermore, Beverley says our even bigger reliance on social media and digital communication in the midst of lockdown could also have a negative impact on people with social anxiety.She says “For some people with social anxiety, co
31、mmunication by media can be even harder than communication in person.We know that words form only roughly 7-10% of the way in which we communicate and that we rely on body language, facial expression, tone of voice, and unconscious signals behind words to convey our thoughts and feelings.”When it co
32、mes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr.Kuss says “I recommend being open and honest with their social environments. Friends and family will empathize when the concerns are voiced openly.Engaging in focused breathing and relaxatio
33、n may also help alleviate feelings of worry and discomfort.Finally, negative thinking (e.g., “I dont know what to say”) may be replaced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friends want to see me”).”8. Why do people with social anxiety feel relieved during the lockdown?A. There is no
34、 one disturbing their life.B. There is no need for them to socialize.C. They have increased their self-confidence.D. People can no longer communicate with each other.9. What does the underlined word mean in the third paragraph?A. Stimulate.B. Relieve.C. Begin.D. Develop.10. What can be the good advi
35、ce for those with social anxiety during the lockdown?A. Stay at home alone.B. Communicate online.C. Open heart to strangers.D. Take a positive attitude.11. What can we learn from the passage?A. Stay with safe people can bring more confidence.B. Lockdown can help people overcome the feeling of anxiet
36、y.C. For people with social anxiety, lockdown is a double-edged sword.D. It is a suitable way for people of social anxiety to communicate by media.【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了流行性疾病对人们生活方方面面的影响，尤其是患社交焦虑的人们在防范禁闭期的感受。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 “On one hand, a person with social anxiety may feel
37、relieved that they no longer have to socialize in person” 可知，一方面，患有社交焦虑症的人可能会因为不再需要亲自参加社交活动而感到轻松.。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中 “When it comes to what people with social anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift” (当防范禁闭形势继续变化时，患社交焦虑症的人们可以做什么来让自己感觉好些呢)和“Finally, negative thi
38、nking (e.g., “I dont know what to say”) may be replaced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friends want to see me”).” (最后，消极的想法(例如，“我不知道该说什么”)可能会被积极的想法(例如，“我足够好”和“我的朋友想要见我”)所取代。可知，呼吸和放松也可以帮助缓解忧虑和不适的感觉，故所以划线词的意思是“缓解”。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 “When it comes to what people with social
39、anxiety can do to feel better as the lockdown situation continues to shift, Dr.Kuss says “I recommend being open and honest with their social environments.Finally, negative thinking (e.g., “I dont know what to say”) may be replaced with positive ones (e.g., “I am good enough” and “My friends want to
40、 see me”).” (当防范禁闭形势继续变化时，患社交焦虑症的人们可以做什么来让自己感觉好些呢, Kuss博士说，“我建议对自己所处的社会环境保持开放和诚实的态度。最后，消极的想法(例如，“我不知道该说什么”)可能会被积极的想法(例如，“我足够好”和“我的朋友想要见我”)所取代。由此判断出，对那些在禁闭期间有社交焦虑的人的建议是采取一种积极的态度。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Counselling Directory member Beverley Blackman says, For people with social anxiety, lockdown will
41、make them deeply anxious in one way, and yet a relief in another.” (咨询服务目录人员Beverley Blackman说，“对那些患社交焦虑的人们来说，防范禁闭期一方面会让他们感觉到深深地焦虑，另一方面也会让他们感到放松”。)可知，防范禁闭期对他们来说有好也有坏，是一把双刃剑，故选C。DMost of the 500 whales stranded (搁浅)off Tasmania have now died. Dozens more stricken whales have been found in Australias
42、largest ever mass stranding.The estimated total now stands at around 500, with the majority of that number dead and a tenth rescued by authorities on the Island state of Tasmania. Experts believe all of the animals would have been part of one large group. Officials began working to rescue survivors
43、among an estimated 270 whales found on Monday on a beach and two sandbars near the remote coastal town of Strahan. Then another 200 whales were spotted from a helicopter on Wednesday less than 10 kilometres (six miles) to the south.All 200 had been confirmed dead by late afternoon. They were among t
44、he 380 whales that have died overall, with estimates from earlier today suggesting that 30 that were alive but stranded and 50 had been rescued since Tuesday, Mr Deka, Wildlife Service manager explained. He added,“Well continue to work to free as many of the animals as we can.Well continue working a
45、s long as there are live animals.”It is not known what caused the animals to run aground. While stranding events are not unheard of, they are very rare in such large numbers. About 30 whales in the original stranding were moved from the sandbars to open ocean on Tuesday, but several got stranded aga
46、in. About a third of the first group had died by Monday evening.Australias largest mass stranding had previously been 320 pilot whales near the Western Australian town of Dunsborough in 1996.This weeks incident is the first involving more than 500 whales in Tasmania since 2009.Marine Conservation Pr
47、ogramme wildlife biologist Kris Carlyon said the latest mass stranding was the biggest in Australia in terms of numbers stranded and died.Marine scientist Vanessa Pirotta said there were a number of potential reasons why whales might become beached, including navigational errors.She explained, “They
48、 do have a very strong social system; these animals are closely bonded and thats why we have seen so many in this case unfortunately in this situation.Rescuing them does not always work, because they are wanting to return back to the group, they might hear the sounds that the others are making, or t
49、heyre just disoriented and, in this case, extremely stressed, and just probably so exhausted that they in some cases dont know where they are.” she added.12. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A. 270 whales were rescued on Monday.B. 380 whales were found dead on Tuesday.C. 500 whales were found
