1、上海市实验学校2021届高三第一周周考英语试题II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use o
2、ne word that best fits each blank. Last summer, I had just enough money (21) _ (save) to buy a golden ticket - a 3-month train pass that would take me to the furthest reaches of Europe. Excited for my journey, I packed all the necessities - (22) _ the guidebook. While the convenience of the Internet
3、 was definitely (23) _ contributing factor to my decision not to carry the few expensive kilograms of out-of-date information in my suitcase, this was not the only reason I decided to fly solo. To be honest, my main problem with the guidebook is that I find it limits a journey - like a bossy aunt (2
4、4) _ is always telling you what to do, although she doesnt always know what is best. Sometimes its better to read outside the lines. Sometimes its better not to read any lines at all. Experience has taught me that there is a distinction between a tourist and a traveler. (25) _ waiting in a queue to
5、see Michelangelos David in Florence, I met a man who had a checklist. He showed me his list of Top 20 things to do it Italy and boasted that he had seen everything Italy had to offer in just four days. The problem that I had with this mans approach to (26) _ (travel) was that he was focused on ticki
6、ng the boxes which were provided by his guidebook. He (27) _ (lose) in the list of the must-sees and blind to all that was happening around him. Guidedbook-less (28) _ we were, my companion and I tasted the joy of being a traveler when visiting Estonia, the Baltic country bordering Russia. Arriving
7、on nothing more than a whim（突发的念头）, we had no option but (29) _ (approach) some friendly faces for advice. We introduced ourselves and asked them what was happening around town. When this resulted in an invitation to a beautiful Estonian home by a river (30) _ we enjoyed a 110-degree wood-stove saun
8、a（桑拿浴）, locally picked forest-mushrooms and the good company of our five new-found Estonian friends, we sure were glad we had left our bossy aunt at home. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more
9、 than you need. A. ignorant B. blindly C. assigned D. challenging E. identifying F. conductedG. committing H. conclusions I. rules J. authority K. reluctantly In the 1960s and 1970s, classic social psychological studies were conducted that provided evidence that even normal, decent people can engage
10、 in acts of extreme cruelty when instructed to do so by others. However, in an essay published in the open access journal PLOS Biology, Professors Alex Haslam and Stephen Richer revisit these studies (31) _ and explain how awful acts involve not just obedience, but enthusiasm too - (23) _ the long-h
11、eld belief that human beings are programmed for conformity（一致性）.This belief can be traced back to two landmark empirical research programs (33) _ by Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo in the 1960s and early 1970s. Milgrams obedience to Authority research is widely believed to show that people (34)
12、_ follow the instructions of an authority figure, and Zimbardos Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) is commonly understood to show that people will take on abusive roles uncritically. However, Professor Haslam, from the University of Queensland, argues that tyranny（暴行）does not result from blind conform
13、ity to (35) _ and roles. Rather, it is a creative act of follower-ship, resulting from (36) _ with authorities who represent vicious acts as virtuous. Decent people participate in horrific acts not because they become passive, mindless people who do not know what they are doing, but rather because t
14、hey come to believe - typically under the influence of those in (37) _ that what they are doing is right, Professor Haslam explained. Professor Reicher, of the University of St Andrews, added that it is not that they were blind to the evil they were (38) _, but rather that they knew what they were d
15、oing, and believed it to be right. These conclusions were partly informed by Professors Haslam and Reichers own prison experiment, conducted in 2002 in cooperation with the BBC. The study generated three findings. First, participants did not automatically take their (39) _ role; second, they only ac
16、ted in terms of group membership to the extent that they identified with the group; and finally, group identity did not mean that people simply accepted their assigned position - it also empowered them to resist it. Professor Reicher concludes that tyranny does not flourish because criminals are hel
17、pless and (40) _; it flourished because they are convinced that they are doing something worthy. III. Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits t
18、he context. Many procedures are available for obtaining data about a language. They range from a carefully planned, intensive field investigation of a foreign language in a foreign country to a 41_ study of ones own mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home. To do this, someone has to act as
19、a 42_ of language data - an informant. Informants are 43_ native speakers of a language who provide words and sentences for analysis and other kinds of information about the language. Many factors must be considered when selecting informants - whether one is working with a single speaker or more peo
20、ple interacting. Age, sex, social background and other aspects of 44_ are important, as these factors are known to influence the type of the 45_ used. The topic of conversation and the characteristics of the social setting are also highly 46_, as are the personal qualities of the informants. Today,
21、researchers often tape-record informants. This enables the linguists claims about the language to be 47_, and provides a way of making those claims more accurate as difficult pieces of speech can be listened to repeated. But obtaining naturalistic, good-quality data is never easy. People 48_ abnorma
22、lly when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. A variety of tape-recording procedures have thus been devised to 49_ the observers paradox, a situation in which people feel strange to each other. Some recordings are made without the speakers being aware of the fact - a pro
23、cedure that obtains very natural data, though ethical（道德的）50_ must be expected. 51_, attempts can be made to make the speaker forget about the recording, such as keeping the tape-recorder out of sight, or using radio microphones. A useful technique is to introduce a topic that quickly involves the s
24、peaker, and stimulates a 52_ language style, like asking older informants about how times have changed in their locality. An audio tape recording does not solve all of the lingusts problems, however. Speech is often ambiguous or unclear. Where possible, therefore, the recording has to be 53_ by the
25、observers written comments on the non-verbal behavior of the participants , and about the context in general. A 54_ expression, for example, can dramatically alter the meaning of what is said. Video recordings avoid these problems to large extent, but even they have 55_ as the camera cannot be every
26、where, and the transcriptions always benefits from any additional commentary provided by an observer. 41. A. linguistic B. casual C. familiar D. social 42. A. source B. store C. means D. medium 43. A. mostly B. naturally C. ideally D. merely 44. A. education B. identity C. knowledge D. experience 45
27、. A. system B. element C. structure D. language 46. A. suitable B. sensitive C. relevant D. flexible 47. A. checked B. remembered C. drafted D. organized 48. A. judge B. talk C. greet D. act 49. A. monitor B. analyze C. guide D. minimize 50. A. instruction B. values C. objections D. awareness 51. A.
28、 Alternatively B. Oddly C. Eventually D. Consequently52. A. familiar B. native C. natural D. certain 53. A. transformed B. released C. developed D. supplemented 54. A. usual B. facial C. free D. flexible 55. A. options B. accusation C. conditions D. limitations Section BDirections: Read the followin
29、g two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the sketch
30、iest. Its a vague, pit-of-the-stomach dread that sneaks up to you - that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m., or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says Hmmmm for the third time. Lingering anxiety can keep you up at
31、night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and either ruin your appetite or cause Olympian eating binges. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety - adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating - may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease. How
32、to prevent anxiety then?Meditate, Maybe youre just high-strung. If so, meditation is worth a try. It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerabl
33、y less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner. If youve never done meditation, try this technique: Sit quietly in a comfortable position and take a few deep, cleansing breat
34、hs to relax your muscles. Then choose a calming word or phrase. (Experts suggest either a word or short phrase with religious significance, or the word one.) Silently repeat the word or phrase for 20 minutes. As you find your thoughts straying, gently return your focus to your repeated word and cont
35、inue to breathe deeply. Jog, walk, swim, or cycle. If you cant make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if its something repetitive like running or swimming laps. Treatment?Odds are that you learn to ha
36、ndle anxiety better. Heres how. Remember to breathe. When youre anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect. To make sure that youre breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm（横膈膜）
37、, just below your rib cage. Feel it rise with each inhalation and fall with each exhalation. Analyze and act. The antidote（矫正方法）to anxiety is analysis and action. To rid yourself of that vague sense of dread, you have to figure out exactly what it is that you dread. Then you can map a plan of action
38、 to do something about it. Usually the first step in this action plan is to find out more about the problem. Lets say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself, What, in particular, am I afraid that Ill muff? Maybe youre afraid that youll get further behind and miss your deadlin
39、es. Or maybe youre worried that youre blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meeting. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely vetoed? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yoursel
40、f to better meed deadlines, or join a public speaking class. 56. What does the word sketchiest in Paragraph One Mean?A. The most uncomfortable B. The least serious. C. The most dreadful. D. The most irritable . 57. Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?A. Lower in concent
41、ration B. No appetite. C. Heart racing D. High blood pressure. 58. Jog, walk, swim, or cycle is, to a certain extent, similar to meditation because _A. it can relieve your uneasiness effectively. B. exercise can make anxious people calm. C. doing exercises can relax your muscles. D. its kind of repe
42、titive exercise. 59. Which of the following statements about breath is CORRECT?A. Quick and deep breathing have a calming effect. B. Breathing deeply can calm an anxious person. C. The diaphragm falls with each inhalation D. The rib cage rises with each exhalation. (B)Californias new governor, Gavin
43、 Newsom, faces an early policy dilemma: whether to take action to expand the rights of workers in the gig economy. Newsoms ailies in organized labor support reform; his technology-industry backers oppose it. A compromise is possible, and thats what Newsom should propose. In the U. S., at least 1.6 m
44、illion people - Uber and Lyft drivers, H repairmen - earn money through online - service platforms. Since they are classified as independent contractors and not employees, these workers do not receive benefits like overtime or sick pay, arent covered by minimum-wage laws, and lack collective-bargain
45、ing rights（集体谈判权）.Lawmakers in California are weighting proposals that aim to give independent workers the same benefits as employees. Such mandates（命令）, however, risk driving up labor and consumer costs, accelerating automation, and crushing start-ups that want to experiment with new modes of emplo
46、yment. Newsom should intervene and theres pressure to act quickly. In a decision last April, the California Supreme Court ruled that Dynamex Operations West, Inc., a same-day courier service, had to satisfy a strict three-part test in order to continue classifying its delivery drivers as independent contractor. Broadly applied, the ruling could force online companies to designate nearly all workers who use their platforms as
