1、广州市2021届高三年级阶段训练英语本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用铅笔在答题卡的相应位置填涂考生号。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案信息点涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。3. 回答非选择题时，必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 阅读（共两节, 满
2、分 50 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABookWorm Cultural Homestay ProgramSTAY IN THE ASIAN COUNTRY OF YOUR CHOICE FOR 3 MONTHSOur program gives you the chance to improve your Asian language skills (or start learning a new language) as well as discovering more about
3、the country you are visiting. You will live with a local family specially chosen for you based on your shared interests. In return for teaching the familys children English for around 2 hours each day, you will be given the chance to experience the local language and culture. You will also receive 4
4、00 dollars pocket money each month, as well as free plane tickets to and from the country you visit.ABOUT THE PROGRAMTO TAKE PART YOU MUST:Have a current passportBe a senior middle school or university studentBe between 16 and 25 years oldHave excellent English language skillsBe open to other cultur
5、esBe interested in Asian cultureBOOKWORM WILL GIVE YOU:Free return ticket to the country you chooseLocal language lessons (6 hours per week)Your own private bedroom with free InternetPocket money ($400 a month)A local phone cardAirport pickup, welcome dinner and 3-day city tourFor a full list of par
6、ticipating countries and details about how to apply please visit our website at: www.bookwormasia.org1. Why would a homestay family probably want to take part in this program?A. They are eager to share their interests.B. They are paid to do so by the company.C. They wish to travel to other countries
7、 later.D. They want their own children to learn English.2. Who CANNOT take part in the program as a homestay visitor?A. Someone who already speaks an Asian language.B. A student that has taken part in the program before.C. A 24-year-old middle school English teacher from Britain.D. A student born in
8、 a non-English language speaking country.3. What will each homestay visitor receive for free as part of the program?A. A mobile phoneB. A return airplane ticket.C. Three restaurant meals a day.D. Citywide bus and train travel.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一项活动，可以在所选择的亚洲国家生活三个月。并从价格、及各种注意事项等
9、方面介绍了这项活动的具体信息。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一部分中“In return for teaching the familys children English for around 2 hours each day, you will be given the chance to experience the local language and culture.”作为每天为家人的孩子提供2个小时左右的英语教学的回报，你将有机会体验当地的语言和文化。可知寄宿家庭可能想参加这个计划的原因是他们希望自己的孩子学习英语。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分中“Be a sen
10、ior middle school or university student”是高中或大学生。可知C项“A 24-year-old middle school English teacher from Britain.”一位来自英国的24岁中学英语老师不符合条件。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分中“Free return ticket to the country you choose”免费回程机票到你选择的国家。可知作为计划的一部分，每位寄宿家庭访客均可免费获得回程机票。故选B项。【点睛】BMost kids can walk into a library or bookst
11、ore and find hundreds of books to read. But its not that simple for kids who are blind. They read in a different way. Jenny Lee and other braille (盲文) transcribers take the printed words of a book and change them into a code of raised dots. Blind people can read these dots with their fingers. To kno
12、w what braille feels like, take a ballpoint pen and press hard onto a piece of paper. Now turn the paper over and touch the raised dot made by the pen point.When Lee first saw the dots of the braille alphabet, she wondered if shed ever be able to read and write them easily. She took a class and prac
13、tised hard for about six months before she passed the final exam: she had to convert 35 pages of a book into braille. Today, Lee works for a publisher. One of her jobs is to change childrens books into braille.To do this, Lee first types the story into a computer and then uses a computer program to
14、translate it into the braille code. Next, she looks over the translation several times to make sure its mistake-free. After that, a copy of the braille story is printed with a special printer. Then Lee and a proofreader work together to find and correct any mistakes. When a book is ready, many copie
15、s of it are printed. Afterwards, some are sold through websites and others are sent to libraries.Sometimes, going over a story again and again gets tiring. Thats when Lee takes a break. Several of Jenny Lees co-workers, who are blind, use guide dogs. When the animals arent working, Lee likes spendin
16、g a few minutes with them. To her, playing with dogs “is always a pick-me-up in the middle of the day”.“I love this mission,” Lee says. “Through my brain power and my fingers, I am putting the dots into some kids hands.”4. How does the writer explain what braille feels like?A. By explaining what bra
17、ille words look like.B. By describing how blind people read books.C. By asking readers to experience it themselves.D. By giving examples of different braille words5. What was Lees first reaction to braille?A. She was excited to get a new skill.B. She was amazed at the clever idea.C. She realized she
18、 could teach it herself.D. She believed it would be difficult to learn.6. What does the underlined word “pick-me-up” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. A discussion to release work stress.B. Something to improve ones appetite.C. Something to help restore ones spirit.D. A free ride accompanied with
19、 a guide dog.7. What does Lee think of her job?A. Profitable and hopeful.B. Tiring but meaningful.C. Relaxing and helpful.D. Boring but challenging.【答案】4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Jenny Lee和其他盲文转录员成功使用电脑程序将故事文字转换为盲文的经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“To know what braille feels like, take a ballpoint
20、pen and press hard onto a piece of paper. Now turn the paper over and touch the raised dot made by the pen point.”要了解盲文的感觉，请拿一支圆珠笔并用力压在一张纸上。现在，将纸张翻转过来，然后触摸笔尖产生的凸起点。可知作者通过让读者亲身感受的方式解释盲文是什么。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“When Lee first saw the dots of the braille alphabet, she wondered if shed ever be able t
21、o read and write them easily.”当Lee第一次看到盲文字母的点时，她想知道自己是否能够轻松阅读和书写它们。可知意在表明Lee对盲文的第一反应是觉得很难学会。故选D项。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“Sometimes, going over a story again and again gets tiring. Thats when Lee takes a break.”有时，一次又一次地重复一个故事会很累。 Lee会休息一下。以及“When the animals arent working, Lee likes spending a few minu
22、tes with them.”当动物不工作时，Lee喜欢和他们玩几分钟。可推知，对她来说，和狗一起玩一直是中午时段能令人放松的时刻。C项“Something to help restore ones spirit.”意为可以帮助恢复精力的东西。切合语境。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Sometimes, going over a story again and again gets tiring. ”有时，一次又一次地重复一个故事会很累。 以及最后一段中“Through my brain power and my fingers, I am putting the dot
23、s into some kids hands.”通过我的脑力和手指，我将盲文的圆点送到了一些孩子的手中。意在表明作者认为她的工作是累人但有意义的。故选B项。【点睛】CTransportation shapes the world: along with communications, it forms a global net that connects person to person, city to city, and country to country. Transportation routes as well as vehicles are vital to the functi
24、oning and spread of every civilization.A countrys economy depends on reliable transportation. Cities spread out along roads, rivers, and rails, so does information. Until the 20th century, these routes were confined to land or water. With the invention of powered flight, the air became an open road
25、as well. The earliest way of traveling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans earliest means of transporting goods was carrying loads on their back or head. By 4000 B.C., people were using domesticated animals for transport, a method greatly improved in some parts of the world by the invention of the w
26、heel, probably first developed around 3500 B.C.Until the 19th century, animals were the engines of land transportation. But with the invention of the steam engine and the internal combustion engine, railroads and automobiles revolutionized travel and trade. More than 600 million cars and trucks trav
27、el the world today.Water has always been a fast and efficient mode of travel, and even today it remains a primary mover of heavy goods. The importance of waterways to human civilization can be seen on any map: almost all of the worlds major cities are located on coastlines or rivers. As early as 700
28、0 B.C., people were building canoes; long-distance ships were common by 3000 B.C. Until the 1950s, ships were the chief means of overseas passenger travel.Although the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th century, air travel was not practical until the invention of powered flight
29、 by the Wright brothers in 1903. Within ten years, the commercial air transportation business had begun.Since the 20th century, high-speed rail has become another convenient way of travel. Today, two-thirds of the worlds high-speed rail track is in China, which measures nearly 30,000 kms, and this i
30、s expected to reach 38,000 kms by 2025.8. What is the passage mainly about?A. Technological advancements in transport over time.B. The influence of economic activities on transportation.C. The relationship between transportation and information flows.D. Reasons why land and sea transportation routes
31、 were important.9. Why does the writer mention the location of the worlds major cities?A. To encourage more people to move to big cities.B. To explain why boats and ships continue to be irreplaceable.C. To recommend water as a convenient and cheap form of transportation.D. To emphasize the contribut
32、ion of water transport to human development.10. What can we learn about air travel?A. Balloons used to be one popular way of air travel.B. The Montgolfier brothers invented powered flight.C. The invention of airplanes helped popularize air travel.D. Air travel became widespread soon after the balloo
33、n was invented.11. What is the total length of high-speed rail track in the world today?A. About 57,000 kms.B. About 45,000 kms.C. About 38,000 kms.D. About 30,000 kms.【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了交通随着技术的发展而进步，且列举了水路、火车、航空以及高铁这几种交通方式随着时间推移而进步。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Transportation shapes th
34、e world: along with communications, it forms a global net that connects person to person, city to city, and country to country. Transportation routes as well as vehicles are vital to the functioning and spread of every civilization.”可知交通塑造了世界:与通讯一起，它形成了一个连接人与人、城市与城市、国家与国家的全球网络。交通路线和交通工具对每一种文明的运作和传播都
35、至关重要。结合文章主要说明了交通随着技术的发展而进步，列举了水路、火车、航空以及高铁这几种交通方式随着时间推移而进步。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是随着时间的推移，交通技术的进步。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Water has always been a fast and efficient mode of travel, and even today it remains a primary mover of heavy goods. The importance of waterways to human civilization can be seen on any m
36、ap: almost all of the worlds major cities are located on coastlines or rivers.”可知水一直是一种快捷高效的运输方式，即使在今天，它仍然是重型货物的主要运输方式。水路对人类文明的重要性可以在任何地图上看到：几乎所有的世界主要城市都位于海岸线或河流上。由此可推知，作者提到世界主要城市的位置，是为了强调水运对人类发展的贡献。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Although the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th centur
37、y, air travel was not practical until the invention of powered flight by the Wright brothers in 1903. Within ten years, the commercial air transportation business had begun.”可知尽管18世纪的时候，蒙哥菲耶兄弟就用气球飞行了，但是直到1903年莱特兄弟发明了动力飞机，航空旅行才变得实用起来。不到十年，商业航空运输业务开始了。由此可知，飞机的发明促进了航空旅行的普及。故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Toda
38、y, two-thirds of the worlds high-speed rail track is in China, which measures nearly 30,000 kms, and this is expected to reach 38,000 kms by 2025.”可知如今，世界上三分之二的高速铁路在中国，总长近3万公里，预计到2025年，这一数字将达到3.8万公里。由此可知，当今世界高速铁路的总长度约（3除以2/3）4.5万公里。故选B。DIts late in the evening, time to close the book and turn off th
39、e computer. Youre done for the day. What you may not realize, however, is that the learning process actually continues in your dreams.It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day a
40、nd the often strange imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task weve learned improves performance in that activity (suggesting that theres some truth to the popular idea that were “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). Whats more, dreamin
41、g may be an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn.While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls a neural (神经的) virtual reality. A vivid example of s
42、uch replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to patients suffering from sleepwalking and related conditions. They then videotaped the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performs t
43、he dance moves she learned earlier.This shows that while our bodies are at rest, our brains are drawing whats important from the information and events weve recently encountered, then integrating that material into the vast store of what we already know. In a 2010 study, researchers reported that co
44、llege students who dreamed about a computer maze (迷宫) task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.That studys chief researcher Herbert Smith suggested that studying right before bed
45、time or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the probability of dreaming about the material. Think about that as you go to sleep tonight.12. What happens when one enters a dream state?A. The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.B. The neural activity o
46、f the brain will become intensified.C. The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.D. The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.13. What does the brain do while we are sleeping?A. It replaces old information with new material.B. It processes and abs
47、orbs newly acquired information.C. It regroups information and places it in different files.D. It systematizes all the information collected during the day.14. How can learning be enhanced according to Herbert Smith?A. Staying up late before finally going to bed.B. Having a period of sleep right aft
48、er studying.C. Having a dream about anything you are interested in.D. Thinking about the chances of dreaming about the material.15. What is the research discussed in the passage mainly about?A. How study affects peoples dreams.B. Why people learn more after sleeping.C. What time students should study and sleep.D. How dreaming may lead to improved learning outcomes.【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。“日有所思，夜有所梦”能让你学习更好。本文通过讲述一项研究阐述了做梦如何让你的学习效果得到提高。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“While we
