1、高中英语语法-代词代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况：在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me但在下列句中有区别。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)两个以上的人称
2、代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?2.物主代词（1）
3、名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。（2）ones own=.of ones own句式的转换。3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets
4、a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。4.相互代词（each other, one another）相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others 、one anothers ,作定语。一般来说，each ot
5、her指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。（1）指示代词this和that的区别。this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指
6、前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that
7、询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。（2）such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说
8、都一样。（表语）6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。（1）who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。What is he？ He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which与who、whatwhich表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。
9、I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、each、ev
10、ery、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。（1）some与any一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)
11、Some like sports,others like music.(主语) Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)I dont know any of the students.（宾语）特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语）some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like som
12、e bananas?（邀请）Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.（宾语）some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：There are some 300 workers on strike.Do you feel any better today?(2)one,both,allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是
13、ones，反身代词是oneself.One should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语)This is not the one I want.(表语)one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one
14、in the pencil-box?both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)Both of the boys are here.(主语)We both are students.(同位语)注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、th
15、ose、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。如：Both my parents like this film.Both the /these boys are tall.all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。Thats
16、all for today.今天就在这儿。They have all been to Xian.他们都去过西安。注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。（3）many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。
17、（4）few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。（5）no和noneno=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。（6）each和e
18、veryeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Each of them has been there.（主语）The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）We each got a
19、 ticket.（同位语）（7）either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语)注意：either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.（状语）either与or构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He i
20、s either Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither can neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.（8）other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”表示“其余（他）的”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中
21、可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.Some are singing, others are dancing.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)Please give me anot
22、her book.（定语）注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意为“一个一个一个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。someothersothers，意为“一些一些一些”。选择填空1. The Parkers bought a new house but_will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET 2001)A.they B.it C.one D.which2. We
23、needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 3. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both4. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _. A. the other is white B. an
24、other white C. the other white D. another is white 5.I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 6. -When shall we meet again? -Make it _ day you like; its all the same to me. A. one B. any C. another D. some7. I agree with mos
25、t of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing高考周周练1. In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it2.I half of the English novel,and I，ll try to finish it at the weekend.A.read B.have r
26、ead C.am reading D.will read3._ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered4.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B. that C. whether D. why5.Many young people, most were wel
27、l-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreamsA. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those12. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. （04北京）A neither B either C none D both13. Theres_ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get_? （04北京）A little
28、; some B little; any C a little; some D a little; any14. I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked with him. （04天津）A every other B many othersC some other D other than15. It is easy to do the repair. _ you need is a hammer and some nails. （04天津）A Something B All C Both D Everything16. I i
29、ntended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately couldnt spare me even one minute. （04重庆）A. they B. one C. who D. it17. - One weeks time has been wasted.- I cant believe we did all that work for . （04重庆）A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything18. The husband gave his wife every mon
30、th in order to please her. （04重庆）A. all half his income B. his half all incomeC. half his all income D. all his half income19. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_. （04江苏） A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else20. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to
31、 have no use for _. （04浙江） A. none B. either C. any D. each21. - Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? - _ way as you please. （04福建）AEach BEvery CAny DEither22. She doesnt know anyone here. She has got_to talk to. （04广东）A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one23. We needed a new cup
32、board for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. （04广西） A. it B. one C. himself D. another24. Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. （04湖南） A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing25. I have done much of the work . Could you please finish in two days ? （04辽宁） Athe re
33、st Bthe other Canother Dthe others 26. I had to buy _ these books because I didnt know which one was the best. （04上海）A. both B. none C. neither D. all27. I like_ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （04全国I） A this B that C it D one28. Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father
34、 after_ hes done for you. （04全国II） A something B anything C all D that29. - Do you like_ here? - Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. （04全国II）A this B these C that D it30. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _. （04上海春季） A. him and her B. his and hers
35、 C. his and her D. him and hers31. I think hes just going to deal with this problem _ day. (05广东卷) A. next B. other C. following D. another 32. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from . （05湖北卷） Aeveryone elseBthe other Csome
36、one else Dthe rest 33. You will find as you read fiats book that you just cant keep some of these stones to _. You will want to share them with a friend. （05湖南卷） A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves 34. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than_ in the city. (
37、05江苏卷) A. ones B. one C. that D. those 35. Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. (05江西卷) Aone Bones Cit Dthose 36. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. （05全国卷3）Ait Bshe Cwhich Dhe 37. We havent enough boo
38、ks for ; some of you will have to share. （05全国卷1） Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 38. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. （05全国卷1）Athat Bit Cthis Dhim 39. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _. （05上
39、海卷）A. others B. the other C. either D. another 40. Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet. （05浙江卷）Aone Bones Cit Dthem 41. - Victor certainly cares too much about himself.- Yes. Hes never interested in what _ is doing. （05重庆卷） A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D.
40、nobody else 42. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth, because I want to live near my Moms. （05天津卷） A. one B. that C. it D. this 43. I dont think weve met before. Youre taking me for _. （05安徽卷）A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other 44. We asked John and Jerry, but _ of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. （05北京春季） A. either B. none C. both D. neither
