1、自考英语试题和答案PART ONE .Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。1. It is time now to learn _ to protect our atmosphere, the roof over the world of man.A. what B. which C. how D. that2. Association refers _ taking the material we want to remember and re
2、lating it to something we remember accurately. A. in B. to C. up D. by3. Tomatoes _ love apples and were supposed to make people _ ate them fall in love. A. called who B. were called who C. called whom D. were called whom4. The doctor advised that Jim _ down for a rest. A. lie B. lies C. lay D. lain
3、5. _ a little earlier, I would have caught the train. A. Did I leave B. Would I leave C. Had I left D. Have I left6. When we call a word “popular”, we do not mean that it is a favorite word, _ simply that it belongs to the people as a whole, that is, it is everybodys word. A. so B. since C. for D. b
4、ut7. I would rather you _ swimming now. A. went B. go C. to go D. going8. His illness accounts _ his absence from class. A. to B. for C. over D. after9. The more words you are familiar with, the less you are aware of reading words and _ you are aware of content and meaning. A. more B. less C. the mo
5、re D. the less10. Almost 20% of all American families _ single parent families, and in 85% of these families the single parent _ the mother. A. are is B. are are C. is are D. is is. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。 Many children act in T
6、V shows. They work several hours every day, so they cannot go to regular school. How do they get 11 ? In Hollywood, where many TV shows are made, about forty teachers give lessons for 12 in the shows. They teach wherever their pupils are working. The teachers 13 is very important. She is responsible
7、 for making sure that the child works only the permitted hours each week. She is also responsible for making sure that the child learns the 14 subjects. She makes sure, too, that the child gets enough 15 and play, along with his education. Child actors are required to 16 classes twenty hours each we
8、ek. California law says that they must be taught from September to the middle of June. If they do not get good 17 in school, they are not permitted to continue working in TV shows. TV children are usually good 18 , and most of their teachers like this special kind of work. Their classes are held in
9、many 19 places. Sometimes the 20 is a Mississippi riverboat. Sometimes it is the inside of a spaceship. Often the pupils become famous stars.11. A. a school B. an honor C. an education D. a job12. A. workers B. characters C. students D. children13. A. job B. attitude C. worry D. emotion14. A. intere
10、sting B. required C. easy D. difficult15. A. food B. clothes C. work D. rest16. A. go to B. attend C. learn D. keep up17. A. marks B. remarks C. awards D. rewards18. A. boys B. actors C. girls D. pupils19. A. dangerous B. interesting C. safe D. lonely20. A. home B. house C. classroom D. stageReading
11、 Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的答案涂黑。 Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. The communication process begins with the formulation of an idea or the selection of information by its sender. The sender then encodes th
12、e idea into symbols, thereby creating a message, which is subsequently transmitted (传送) through one or more channels (e.g., speaking, writing, or electronic media). It is at this point that the receiver decodes(解码) and attaches meaning to the message. If effective communication has occurred, the rec
13、eiver will understand the idea and information as the sender intended. Unfortunately, the potential for physical and perceptual noise, which can distort the intended message of the sender, is present at every stage of the process. Fortunately, noise can be overcome through effective feedback(反馈), a
14、response from the sender that allows misunderstandings to be identified and resolved. Twoway communication-communication that allows feedback-is almost always more effective than oneway communication. Each of the steps in the communication process has potential problems that can impede(妨碍) effective
15、 communication. During encoding, the primary difficulty usually results from the nature of symbols and the semantic (语义) variation in their meanings. In addition to these distortions, the sender must also be aware of nonverbal messages that might distort the message. This awareness is important beca
16、use research has shown that nonverbal messages are given greater weight by the receiver when decoding and attaching meaning to the message. The effectiveness of encoding will be increased if the sender develops empathy (感情移入) for the receiver and is aware of his or her own feelings and emotions. The
17、 key to effective transmission of the message is choosing the most appropriate channel or channels of media for the situation.21. The best title for the passage is _. A. Communication Process B. Communication C. Effective Communication D. Transmission of Messages22. Twoway communication is more effe
18、ctive than oneway communication because _. A. it allows feedback B. it can distort the intended message of the sender C. the sender is aware of the nonverbal messages that might distort the message D. none of the above23. Unless the receiver understand the idea and information as the sender intended
19、, _. A. effective communication can be achieved B. effective communication cannot be achieved C. the communication process will not end D. both B and C24. Problems that might impede effective communication are caused by_. A. the nature of symbol B. the semantic variation in their meanings C. nonverb
20、al messages D. all of the above25. Which of the following is critical to effective communication? A. Creating a message. B. Developing empathy for the receiver. C. Overcoming noise through effective feedback. D. Choosing the most appropriate channel or channels of media.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30
21、 are based on the following passage. Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the worlds average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecologists have turned to historical data in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoes affect weather chan
22、ge that are similar to air polluiton. One source of information is the effect of the eruption of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indias, in April 1815. The largest recorded volcanic eruption, Tambora threw 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere(平流层). The ash from a volcano
23、spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth. For example, records of weather in England show that between April and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen 4.5 . During the next twentyfo
24、ur months, England suffered one of the coldest periods of its history. Farmers records from April 1815 to December 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets. Since there was a time lag(滞后) of several years between cause and effect, by the
25、time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause. Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace. The everpresent possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mr. St. Helens in Washington, added to mans pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas,
26、coal, and other polluting substances, may bring us increasingly colder weather. 26. It is believed that the earth gets colder when _. A. volcanoes erupt B. the air is polluted by modern man C. the rays of the sun are turned into space D. all of the above27. The effects of Tamboras eruption were _. A
27、. felt mainly in the Dutch East Indias B. of several days duration worldwide C. evidence of pollutions cooling the earth D. immediately evident to the worlds scientists28. The cause of cold weather in England from 1815 to 1818 was _. A. decreased crop and livestock production B. volcanic ash in the
28、atmosphere C. pollution caused by the Industrial Revolution D. its proximity to the North sea29. No one realized the cause of the deterioration of the world agricultural commodity market because _. A. there was a long delay between cause and effect B. the weather is beyond our comprehension C. weath
29、er forecasts were inaccurate D. ecologists didnt exist until modern times30. If, as some scientists predict, the world ends in ice, what might be the cause? A. Modern mans pollution of the air. B. Volcanic eruptions. C. Obliteration(破坏) of solar radiation. D. All of the above.Passage ThreeQuestions
30、31 to 35 are based on the following passage. The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquidfuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. However, during the last decade, large solidfuel rockets with
31、solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite laymans(外行) question to inquire which one is “better.” The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is “better.” It all depends on the purpose. A liquid fuel roc
32、ket is complicated, but has the advantage that it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely; it can be reignited(重新点火) when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solidfuel rocket, on the other
33、hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solidfuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquidfuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. Howe
34、ver, once a solidfuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep buming. It cannot be stopped and reignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and reignited after a pre calculated time of burning has elapsed) and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solidfuel rocket can be kept ready for
35、 a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but manned spaceflight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquidfuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solidfuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per poun
36、d, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have, on the one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheap fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel.31. The author feels that a comparison of liquidand solidfuel rockets shows that _. A. neither type is ver
37、y economical B. the liquidfuel rocket is best C. each type has certain advantages D. the solidfuel rocket is best32. The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocket be _. A. inexpensive to construct B. capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbit C. easily controlled D.
38、 inexpensive to operate33. Solidfuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _. A. size B. burning time C. fuel D. complicated engines34. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquidfuel rockets? A. The fuel is cheap. B. They are cheap to build. C. They can be stopped
39、and reignited. D. They must be used soon after fueling.35. Which of the following statements is a possible disadvantage of solidfuel rockets? A. They are complicated. B. They are uneasily adjusted. C. They are expensive to construct. D. They cannot be ready for action with little time for preparatio
40、n.PART TWO. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items )将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。36. 逻辑上的，符合逻辑的 a. l _ _ _ _ _ _ 37. 诊断；判断，断定 v. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _38. 模仿，仿效 v. i _ _ _ _ _ _39. 挑战；向挑战 n./v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40. 陈述，声明 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41. 纪录，注册，登记 v. r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4
41、2. 恐慌，惊慌 n./v. p _ _ _ _ 43. 存在；生存 n. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44. 颤抖，抖动 v. t _ _ _ _ _ _ 45. 听众，观众，读者 n. a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46. 牺牲者，受害者 n. v _ _ _ _ _ 47. 神经紧张的 a. n _ _ _ _ _ _ 48. 设计；预定 n/v. d _ _ _ _ _ 49. 海外的，国外的 a. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50. 暗示，含有的意思 v. i _ _ _ _ 51. 抗议，反对 v. p _ _ _ _ _ _52. 容量，容积；能力 n. c _ _
42、 _ _ _ _ _ 53. 稳定的，不变的 a. s _ _ _ _ _ 54. 反射，反映 v. r _ _ _ _ _ _ 55. 文学，文学作品 n. l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Word Form（10 points， 1 point for each item）将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。56. But for the storm, we _ (arrive) earlier.57. When it comes to _ (respect) the rights of a mass of anonymous individuals, we m
43、ight not be so responsible.58. She did not stop _ (read) until it became dark.59. He _ (live) in England for five years before he went to the United States.60. By next June they _ (finish) writing the novel.61. The sooner you leave here, _ (good).62. My suggestion is that a trade delegation _ (send) to the European Union.63. I cant find my bag. It _ (must, steal).64. How _ (get) enough capital is still a question.65. She complained of
