1、高中英语阅读理解高中英语阅读理解解解 题题 指指 导导 与与 训训 练练高三高三（10）班）班英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。题。考生应能：考生应能：、理解主旨要义；、理解主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、作出简单判断和理解；、作出简单判断和理解；、理解文章的基本
2、结构；、理解文章的基本结构；、理解作者的意图和态度；、理解作者的意图和态度；1.questions of details1.questions of details细节理解细节理解题题 一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读一般针对某个特定细节而提出，通读短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。短文后一般能直接找出答题依据。推荐方法推荐方法：1)明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2)按照要求，寻找答案来源。按照要求，寻找答案来源。3)找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4)多读原文，正确使用排除法。多读原文，正确使用排除法。干扰选项的特点：1.是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2.符合常
3、识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文情节极为相似，只是在某个地方（如时间，地点，条件等）有些变动；4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。例如：For Norman Bethune,saving lives was the most important thing in the world.Norman Bethune thought that _.A.he himself was a famous doctor in the worldB.he could only save lives because he was a doctorC.saving l
4、ives was more important than any other thing fr himD.in the world,he should do nothing but save lives2.Words in context2.Words in context词义猜测题词义猜测题从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟词、从考查内容看，主要是猜测某个生词、熟词、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代。解题技巧：解题技巧：充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。充分利用文中已知信息推测、判断词义。根据因果关系、对比关系、定义、解释和根据因果关系、对比关系、定
5、义、解释和复述来猜测词义。复述来猜测词义。1.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “”?2.The underlined word“”could best be replaced by“”.3.In the third paragraph,the undelined word“”means(refers to)”4.According to the passage,the underlined sentence probably means“”Question forms:Provide incentive.
6、Tell your children the importance of saving.“For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend,you agree to add another dollar to the pot,”says Cathy Pareto,expert in money planning.（1分钟）分钟）The underlined word“incentive”in this paragraph means _.A.honor B.praise C.excitement D.e
7、ncouragement Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at.If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments,said Baker,“I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”（1分钟）分钟）They underlined word“outcome”in the last paragraph most probably
8、means _.A.value B.result C.performance D.connection阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。转化或合成的新词。掌握构词法掌握构词法对猜测词义对猜测词义很有帮助。很有帮助。The house looked quite normal outside,but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display.As he began putting them into his bag,a dog came into the r
9、oom.It stopped when it saw Buster,then wagged its tail madly and went over to him,licking his outstretched hand.“Good boy,”Buster whispered.“What a great guard dog you are-trying to lick me to death.”（2分钟）分钟）Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word“exotic”in the third paragraph?A.M
10、essy and untidy.B.Rich and expensive.C.Comfortable and calming D.Foreign and unusual.对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的对比是描述、说明事物的常用方式。对比的事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比事物是互为相反的，因此可根据反义或对比关系从已知推出未知。关系从已知推出未知。推理判断题推理判断题在做结论推理题时，在做结论推理题时，吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用提吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用提示和线索；示和线索；要对表面信息进行深层处理，符合要对表面信息进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理；逻辑地推理；要忠实于原文，以文
11、章提供的事实要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实为依据，不能主观臆断；为依据，不能主观臆断；要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。体会文章的基调，揣解语篇的结构。体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度及故事发展的方向。摩作者的态度及故事发展的方向。1.We can infer(推推断断)from the passage that _.2.The story suggests(暗示暗示)that _.3.We can conclude(得出得出结论结论)from the passage that _.4.Which of the following might/probab
12、ly happened later?5.From the passage we can tell/learn _.6.Which of the following indicates/implies_?Question forms:推断注意事项：推断注意事项：意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬。意思要靠推断得出，而不是从原文照搬。1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall?Did it sound like a clock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago pe
13、ople thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle.（1分钟）分钟）The sound of this beetle _.A.pleased people.B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited people.Practice:2.It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock.The clock pas
14、ses the time by keeping its hands busy.People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away.（1.5分钟）分钟）You can tell that busy people_A.act like clocks.B.sleep the time away.C.dont do what clocks do.D.dont have hands.3.It is fun to turn ove
15、r a big rock on the beach.Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it.If you dont turn it back over,all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die.（1.5分钟）分钟）You can tell that rocks _.A.hurt sea animals B.protect sea animalsC.wont be found
16、on beaches D.cant be found on beaches4.How to get the main idea?4.How to get the main idea?主旨归纳题主旨归纳题Characteristics of this kind of questions:主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。多就文章的主要内容、括或总结的能力。多就文章的主要内容、主题或标题进行设问。要求学生在理解主题或标
17、题进行设问。要求学生在理解全文的基础上能较好的运用概括、判断、全文的基础上能较好的运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，对文章进行高归纳、推理等逻辑方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结。度概括或总结。4.What is the best title for the passage?5.Which of the following would be the best title?6.The best headline for the passage would be _.7.What is the purpose of the text?8.Whats the main purpose the wri
18、ter is trying to make?1.What is the passage mainly about?2.What is mainly discussed in the text?3.The passage mainly talks about _.Question forms:1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illn
19、ess),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?（1.5分钟）分钟）Smoking
20、 cigarettes is harmful to your health.Practice：2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a perso
21、n only by his appearance.（1分钟）分钟）So,it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance 3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hu-rry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You ma
22、y discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales method is called“bait(引诱)and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more e
23、xpensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.(2.5分钟分钟)The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Beware D.TV On Sale This sales method is called“bait and switch”.(detail)(detail)(detail)诱售法诱售法 4 Tom studie
24、d four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.（2
25、分钟）分钟）The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.
26、D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetailTypes Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicInformation wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso,therefore,How to get the main idea of a passage?5 Magellans men were the first to make the tr
27、ip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than on
28、e year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and
29、continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is bu
30、t a huge ball.（4分钟）分钟）Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A.Magellans death B.Going Around The World C.The World Is Round D.Magellans Voyage Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellans v
31、oyage was the first trip around the world.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the tip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could
32、not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across
33、 the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.1.time2.ships and people3.route4.Sufferingsand difficultiesa.Lack of food and freshwaterb.Hunger and diseases c.De
34、athsThe process of Magellans long difficult voyage5.success Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Magellans voyage proved the earth is round.Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to
35、 do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the tip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for
36、 months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was wi
37、th the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Paragraph 1:Magellans voyage was the first
38、 trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Magellans voyage5 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but h
39、e sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lac
40、k of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed th
41、e Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A.Magellans death
42、 B.Going Around The World C.The World Is Round D.Magellans Voyage(too narrow)(too narrow)(too broad)(proper)6 Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental l
43、isteners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The
44、Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department
45、.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The progra
46、m was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success of the program6 Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditio
47、nal love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of
48、 Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said L
49、isa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a
50、“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success of the program1.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Childrens reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C
