1、定语从句1It rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it the diagram shows, the sum spent on tobacco is nearly as large as that spent on alcohol.A. As B. Which C. What D. Like. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man he was twenty years
2、ago.A. which B. that C. who D. whom3. Chinese customs police wondered if there were some underground passages the cocaine had been smuggled into China from Myanmar.A. through which B. in which C. through that D. in that4. The temperature Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometer readings are equal is 40 de
3、grees.A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which5. There was a storm I had never experienced before.A. such as B. as which C. with which D. for such6. The residents, had been damaged by the earthquake, were given help by the government.A. all their homes B. all whose homes C. all of whose home
4、s D. all of their homes7. The course normally attracts 30 students per year, up to half will from overseas.A. in which B. for whom C. with which D. of whom8. Perhaps there only one thing on which the citizens of Atlanta do agree: theres only a city will not look the same or be the same after this su
5、mmer.A. that B. which C. as D. where9. The team can handle whatever .A. that needs handling B. which need handlingC. it needs handling D. needs to be handled10. The physician has made a discovery, of great importance to the progress of science and technology.A. I think which is B. that I think is C.
6、 which I think is D. which I think it is11. John returned with two laborers, with help we finally get the car out of the mud. A. their B. whose C. / D. that12. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which B. whenC. how D. whereShe says that sh
7、ell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. which B. whenC. how D. where(1) Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A. which B. whenC. how D. where (2) Our company will move to a tall building _ has just been complete.A. which B. whenC. how D. where
8、 (3) Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. where B. whenC. that D. which非谓语动词1.-what caused the party to be put off? -_ the invitation. A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D .Tom delayed send2. I cant get my car_ on cold mornings, s
9、o I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water.A. run, to fill B. running, filing C. running, to fill D. ran, filling3.Anyone_bags,boxes,orwhatever,wasstoppedbythepolice. A.seencarry B.seencarrying C.sawtocarry D.sawcarrying 【分析】此题答案选B，anyoneseencarryingbags为anyonewhowasseencarryingbags之略，其中过去分词
10、短语seencarryingbags用作定语修饰代词anyone。另外，句中的whowasseencarryingbags为seesbdoingsth这一结构的被动式。 4.Noweveryoneherewasworkinghardanddoingwhattheycould_moremoney. A.make B.tomake C.making D.made 【分析】此题容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could就断定此处应填动词原形make。其实正确答案应是B，此句为省略句，即在could后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Noweveryoneherewasworkinghard
11、anddoingwhattheycoulddotomakemoremoney，即句中的不定式短语(tomakemoremoney)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句： (1)Myparentsdidwhattheycould_myauntanduncle. A.help B.tohelp C.helping D.helped (2)Hereadwhathecould_hisknowledge. A.widen B.towiden C.widening D.widened 以上两题均选B，即选不定式，且此不定式为目的状语。但是，同学们若据此形成思维定势，
12、也会麻烦。为此，请再看两题： (3)Heranasfastashecould_tocatchthebus. A.hope B.tohope C.hoping D.hoped 此题的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的现在分词短语hopingtocatchthebus用作伴随状语，即一边跑一边希望能赶上早班车。但是，如果选B，将tohopetocatchthebus视为目的状语行不行呢？不行。因为“他拼命地跑”目的是“为了赶上公共汽车”，而不是“为了希望赶上公共汽车”，换句话说，将“希望”作为“目的”不妥。因为同样的原因，下面一题也应选hoping： Hestudiedashardashecould_
13、toenteragoodcollege. A.hope B.tohope C.hoping D.hoped (4)Hespenteveryminutehecould_foreignlanguages. A.study B.tostudy C.studying D.studied 此题也应选C，但是，它与上题选现在分词hoping表伴随有所不同，此题的studying其实与其前的动词spend有关，即套用的是“spend+时间或金钱+(in)doingsth”这一句型。 5.Allhertime_experiments,shehasnotimeforsports. A.devotedtodo B
14、.devotedtodoing C.devotingtodoing D.isdevotedtodoing 【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下： (1)devote意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用于devoteto或bedevotedto，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。 (2)选A错误：若将do改为doing则可以。 (3)选B正确：allhertimedevotedtodoingexperiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。 (4)选C错误：因为allhertime与devote为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。 (5)选D错误：若
15、单独看Allhertimeisdevotedtodoingexperiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D中的is改为being也可以。 6.“Whatmadeherstruggle_anartistsohard?”“_shewasawoman.” A.became,不填 B.tobecome,不填 C.become,That D.tobecome,That 【分析】此题容易误选C，想当然地认为第一空应填become(不带to)，是因为其前有使役动词made。其实，此题应选D，在Wha
16、tmadeherstruggletobecomeanartistsohard?一句中，what是句子主语，made是谓语，herstruggletobecomeanartist是宾语(其中的不定式tobecomeanartist是修饰herstruggle的定语)，sohard是宾语补足语。许多同学误选C是将herstruggle看作宾语，而将becomeanartist看作是宾语补足语，照此分析，sohard又是什么成分呢？第二空填That，用以引导主语从句(此that不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为Thatshewasawomanmadeherstruggletobe
17、comeanartistsohard. 7.IfoundIcouldeasilymakemyself_byusingsignlanguage. A.understood B.understand C.tounderstand D.beingunderstood 【分析】答案选A，但容易误选B，即硬套“make+名词或代词+动词原形”这一结构。但是对于该结构同学们忽略了一点，就是该结构中的名词或代词应与其后动词有逻辑上的主谓关系，而对于上面一题，myself与动词understand显然不是主谓关系，而是动宾关系，或者说是被动关系，故此时的动词应用过去分词表被动。又如：1)Asateacher,
18、youshouldmakeyourself_. A.respect B.respecting C.respected D.torespect (2)Hespokeloudlysoastomakehisvoice_. A.hear B.hearing C.heard D.tohear (3)Doyouknowwhatmadeherso_? A.frighten B.frightening C.frightened D.tofrighten 答案均选C，即用过去分词表示被动意义（其中frightened为过去分词转化来的形容词）。 8.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternat
19、ional,_constantlywillbepartofyourlife. A.youfly B.yourflight C.flight D.flying 【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词constantly的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但若选A，youfly是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语willbe相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。 9.Notonlyshouldyougetused_underdifficultconditionsbutyoualsoyoupaym
20、oreattention_yourworkwell. A.towork,todo B.toworking,todoing C.towork,todoingD.toworking,todo 【分析】正确答案为B，因为getusedto与payattentionto这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能用动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的to也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形： lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事 beopposedtodoingsth反对做某事 objecttodoingsth反对做某事 stickt
21、odoingsth坚持做某事 getdowntodoingsth开始做某事 taketodoingsth喜欢上做某事 admittodoing承认做了某事 payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事 devoteonestimetodoingsth把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事 beequaltodoingsth等于做某事，能胜任做某事 Whatdoyousaytodoingsth你认为做某事怎么样 10.“Doyouhaveanythingmore_,sir?”“No.Youcanhavearestordosomethingelse.” A.typing B.tobetyped
22、 C.typed D.totype 【分析】此题容易误选D，根据havesthtodo这一常用结构推出。其实，最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如Ihavesomeclothestowash等，即尽管其中的someclothes与其后的不定式towash具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如Ihavesomeclothestowash中的towash就是由该句主语I来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的totype这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的，而是由
23、说话者“我”来完成的。比较： AreyougoingtoShanghai?Doyouhaveanythingtotaketoyourson?你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？ ImgoingtoShanghainextweek.Ihavealotofthingstotakewithme.下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。 同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句,常常跟在fact, promise, reason, truth, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief, suggestion, conclusion, information, order,
24、 decision等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。 要突破同位语从句,需要注意以下几点: 一、正确使用同位语从句的引导词。引导同位语从句的主要有连接词that(不用which),whether (不用if)。 1.如果同位语从句意义完整,不缺少句子成分,常用that引导同位语从句。例如: I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 2. 如果同位语从句表示是否含义时,常用whether引导同位语从句。例如: He must answer the question wheth
25、er he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 原题再现 Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 答案: B 二、同位语从句与其中心词可被谓语动词等其他成分分隔,此时要能分清句子结构。例如: The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 原题再现
26、A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. w
27、here; improving D. when; improving 答案: D A 三、表示建议、命令、要求等的名词 (如suggestion, proposal, advice, order, request等)后接同位语从句时,从句通常使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。例如: The teacher gave orders that the work (should) be finished before 4 oclock. The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very
28、 good.同位语从句讲解与练习1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？Early in the day came the news that
29、Germany had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not.我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question wher
30、e we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别? 句法功能 意义 that引导的同位语从句 that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。补充、说明 that引导的定语从句 that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。修饰、限定如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new Eng
31、lish teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。用适
32、当的连接词填空：1.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2. I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hoped _nature will never be destroyed.5._do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?
33、6.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?7. Word came _I was wanted at the office.8. Do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?9. The teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.B.单项选择It wa
34、s true _ Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whetherD. this, whether3.-What are you anxious about?- _A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeedC. When can we succeed D. That we c
35、an succeed4. The reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. WhoB. WhoeverC.Anyone D. The person6. I really dont know _I had this photo tak
36、en.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. where B. there C. whichD. that8.-What do you think of China?-_different life is today from _it used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that
37、9. Give this to _you think can do the work well.A.whoB.whom C. whoever D. whomever10._troubles me is _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that11. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which答案A. 1. tha
38、t 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whateverB. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD 11.A定语从句和同位语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可
39、以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。(同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了。(同位语从句) Our t
40、eam has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。(定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习。(定语从句,代词all作先行词) 2. 从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释
41、,属于名词性从句的范畴。如: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语) I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语) 3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别 有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如: That questi
