1、Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications 高级仔猪营养及其应用高级仔猪营养及其应用Michelle SprentPrimary Diets(AB Agri)Dr.Jeff Wu 吴裕本吴裕本 博士博士英英联农业联农业中国添加中国添加剂剂事事业业部部 总经总经理理AB Agri Ltd:The agricultural group of ABF Sugar 糖糖 Agriculture 农业农业Grocery 杂货杂货Ingredients添加添加剂剂Retail服装零售服装零售Many household brands including:F
2、ounded 193560%family ownership47 countriesGlobal sales over 15bn AB Agri Businesses英联农业各业务介绍英联农业各业务介绍Enzymes&Near Infrared technologyFeed ingredientsSustainabilityArableManufactured Feed for livestockAdditive premix for Pets and LivestockTechnical support 技技术术支持支持UK Technical Team Swine&Pets Nutriti
3、on 英国技英国技术团队术团队 猪和猪和宠宠物物营营养养Paul ToplisMick HazzledinePhil BoydStuart RowleyRoy HayesLorraine SalmonMichelle SprentPete WilcoxPhilip StockillIan WellockKayleigh AlmondAdvanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Maximise net margin/pig place/annum每年每单位每年每单位养殖空间养殖空间的利润的利润最大化最
4、大化Cost of production生产成本生产成本Throughput/Carcase value生产能力生产能力/胴体价值胴体价值Pigs/sow/year 肥猪肥猪/母猪母猪/年年 KEY starting place!关键出发点关键出发点Nutritionist 营营养师养师Maximise lean tissue growth rate 瘦肉组织生长速率最大化瘦肉组织生长速率最大化Minimise back fat 减少背膘减少背膘Minimise feed cost 降低饲料成本降低饲料成本Minimise digestive disturbance&vices 减少消化障碍减
5、少消化障碍Maximise skeletal development 骨骼发育最大化骨骼发育最大化Minimise nutrient waste 减少营养浪费减少营养浪费Commercial Nutritionist Objective Profit!商业营养师的目标商业营养师的目标-利润利润！Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Weaning weight 断奶重断奶重Light 轻轻Medium 中等中等Heavy 较较重重Starter feed cost 仔猪料成本仔猪料成本High
6、LowHighLowHighLowWean weight(kg)断奶重5.515.477.277.259.549.59Weight at d 123(kg)123天体重91.288.098.595.6101.1101.4Feed cost(Aus$/pig)饲料成本76.575.083.678.886.485.0Feed cost per gain(Aus$/kg)单位饲料成本0.890.910.920.890.940.93Margin over feed per pig(Aus$)每头猪扣除饲料成本的收益142.4136.2152.8150.6156.1158.4Extra margin o
7、ver feed on higher cost starter(Aus$)扣除成本饲料相对初始成本的边际利润增加量+6.2+2.2-2.3Collins et al,2009Pigs weaned above 9.5 kg more profitable on low cost diet断奶重大于9.5公斤的猪饲喂低成本日粮利润更高Select appropriate starter regime for individual pens对单栏选择适当的保育管理制度Effect of High vs Low Cost Diets on Light,Medium and Heavy Pigs断奶重
8、断奶重-轻、中等和较重的仔猪饲喂高轻、中等和较重的仔猪饲喂高 Vs低成本日粮的影响低成本日粮的影响Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）30+(40？)pigs/sow/year 30多头（40？）/母猪/年Can we manage large litters?我们能否管理大窝的母猪？Milk systems 哺乳系统Creep feeding 教槽料饲喂Importance of a good start 良好开端的重要性Compensatory growth versus fast gr
9、owth in all stages(lost opportunity)在各个时期伴随补偿生长与快速生长（错失良机）Its all about intake(and efficiency)一切都是采食量（和饲料报酬）Nutrition and management 营养和管理Overview 概况概况30+pigs/sow/year!每年每头母猪提供每年每头母猪提供3030头以上的肥猪头以上的肥猪Is it possible?是否可能？是否可能？30=12.30 pigs/litter每窝每窝12.3012.30头乳猪头乳猪40=16.0 pigs/litter每窝每窝16.016.0头乳猪头
10、乳猪Netherlands Toppigs top 10%=31.6荷兰托佩克荷兰托佩克-国际种猪，最好的国际种猪，最好的10%10%猪场猪场=31.6=31.6Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Is there a problem with increasing litter size?伴随增加窝产仔数增加会出现问题吗伴随增加窝产仔数增加会出现问题吗？1.3 kg1.5 kg30 p/s/y40 p/s/yBoyd,2012Advanced Piglet Nutrition and it
11、s Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Is there a problem with increasing litter size?伴随增加窝产仔数增加会出现问题吗伴随增加窝产仔数增加会出现问题吗？Boyd,2012Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Supp-le-milk System额额外外补补充充哺乳系统哺乳系统 Rescue Deck补救隔板补救隔板Use of Artificial Milk Systems 人工人工哺哺乳系统的使用乳系统的使
12、用Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）+8.96 kg/litterSupp-le-Milk System:Litter Weight额外补充的哺乳系统：窝重额外补充的哺乳系统：窝重Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Update:更新更新Now switches milk system off 4 days pre-wean目前断奶前4天-不使用额外补充的哺乳系统Last 2 batch
13、es(April/May 2012)持续2批（2012年的四和5月）13.3 born alive 13.3头出生活仔数+0.89/kg pig and+0.4 pigs/litter wean(+26/litter)+1.47 kg/pig 35 days post-wean+0.54/kg pig and+0.5 pigs/litter wean(+24/litter)Costs are less than 10/litter 费用每窝减少10英镑Now installing another 32 cups(onto same system)目前另外安装32套（在同样的系统）Evaluat
14、ion of the Supp-Le-Milk System(and milk)额外补充哺乳系统（和奶）的评估额外补充哺乳系统（和奶）的评估Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Rescue Decks:Should we recommend them?是否值得推荐？Rescue Decks delivered+0.11 pigs/litter 补救隔板每窝能多补救隔板每窝能多增加增加0.110.11头头Decrease in mortality by-1.2%(10.34 vs 9.14%)
15、死亡率减少死亡率减少1.2%1.2%(10.34 对比 9.14%)+70 pigs weaned 每年多断奶每年多断奶70头头 Capital investment 资本投入=21,631Extra Margin=+2,500/year 每年额外增加2500英镑毛利ROI 11.5%(payback in 8.5years)投资回收率11.5%（8.5年收回成本）-Not thought worthwhile 不值(suggested170 pigs/year required as break even)（“保本”需要年产170头猪）BPEX Rescue Deck Trial英国养猪协会
16、急救饲喂保育箱试验英国养猪协会急救饲喂保育箱试验BPEX,2012Milk systems work but they are expensive.Check cost effective.What about creep feeding?人工哺乳系统有效果但昂贵，需要核算成本效益，人工哺乳系统有效果但昂贵，需要核算成本效益，使用教槽料饲喂系统呢？使用教槽料饲喂系统呢？Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）IS CREEP FEEDING AN INVESTMENT?教槽饲喂是一项投资教槽饲喂
17、是一项投资吗吗？YES是的是的!PIGS EATING BEFORE WEANING PERFORM BETTER AFTER WEANING仔猪在断奶前饲喂，断奶后生长性能更好仔猪在断奶前饲喂，断奶后生长性能更好Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Pigs Eating Creep Feed Improves Post-Wean Performance 仔猪饲喂教槽料提高断奶后生产性能仔猪饲喂教槽料提高断奶后生产性能Bruininx et al,2002Sulabo et al,2008A
18、dvanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Complex Feed Increases No.of Eaters Especially in Light Pig Category复杂日粮增加出色重轻的乳猪的摄食比率复杂日粮增加出色重轻的乳猪的摄食比率SIMPLE FEED简单简单日粮日粮COMPLEX FEED复复杂杂日粮日粮Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Initiate 4:Does th
19、e benefit continue?Initiate 4：好处是否继续？好处是否继续？Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Piglets fed either Initiate 4 or Baby Start pre-weaning(same diets post-weaning but penned separately)仔猪饲喂Initiate 4 或乳猪教槽料（同样的断奶后日粮但分栏饲养）Initiate 4:The benefits continueUniversity 1Univ
20、ersity 2Baby StartInitiateBaby StartInitiateNo.of pens of pigs猪的栏数18181212Wean weight(kg)断奶重9.429.367.647.66Trial length(days)试验周期22222020Average Daily Intake(g/d)平均日采食量381a418b358x381yAverage Daily Gain(g/d)平均日增重296a344b309x339yFCR料肉比1.29a1.22b1.161.12End Weight(kg)末重15.92a16.92b13.8714.43All pigs
21、fed 7 days Select;14 days ClassicPost-wean improvementPrimary Diets Initiate 4Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Milk+Choice vs.Milk+Initiate 4 MS+Choice人工哺乳人工哺乳+choiceMS+Initiate 4人工哺乳人工哺乳+Initiate 4Litter size day 4-Litter(piglet)weight start(kg)-Litter size 窝仔数
22、weaning(27d)27日龄断奶13.4313.71Day 4 to wean mortality(%)4日龄到断奶的死亡率（%）-Litter(piglet)weight 窝重 weaning(kg)断奶重（公斤）98.9(7.21)112.3(8.19)Creep consumed per litter(piglet(kg)窝采食量(乳猪）（公斤）5.00(0.37)6.43(0.47)Milk consumed per litter(piglet)(l)-Total cost per litter(piglet)(zl)-Is this the future?这这是未来是未来吗吗？S
23、till only 35.6 pigs/sow/year!每年每每年每头头母猪母猪还还是只有是只有35.6头头Importance of aGood Start良好教槽的重要性良好教槽的重要性Better StartBetter Finish好教槽好教槽好结局好结局Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Weaning weight 断奶重断奶重Light 轻轻Medium 中等中等Heavy 较较重重Starter feed cost 仔猪料成本仔猪料成本HighLowHighLowHighL
24、owWean weight(kg)断奶重5.515.477.277.259.549.59Weight at d 123(kg)123天体重91.288.098.595.6101.1101.4Feed cost(Aus$/pig)饲料成本76.575.083.678.886.485.0Feed cost per gain(Aus$/kg)单位饲料成本0.890.910.920.890.940.93Margin over feed per pig(Aus$)每头猪扣除饲料成本的收益142.4136.2152.8150.6156.1158.4Extra margin over feed on hig
25、her cost starter(Aus$)扣除成本饲料相对初始成本的边际利润增加量+6.2+2.2-2.3Collins et al,2009Pigs weaned above 9.5 kg more profitable on low cost diet断奶重大于9.5公斤的猪饲喂低成本日粮利润更高Select appropriate starter regime for individual pens对单栏选择适当的保育管理制度Effect of High vs Low Cost Diets on Light,Medium and Heavy Pigs断奶重断奶重-轻、中等和较重的仔猪饲
26、喂高轻、中等和较重的仔猪饲喂高 Vs低成本日粮的影响低成本日粮的影响Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）If they dont eat,they dont grow!如果他们不吃，他们如果他们不吃，他们不会生长不会生长1.60 vs 1.50%Lysine(100g/d intake 每天采食100克)+0.1 g/d lysine 150 vs 100 g/d intake(1.5%lysine)+0.75 g/d lysine Its all about Feed Intake 这这是
27、是采食量采食量是一切的是一切的准则准则Piglet Nutrition Principles(feeding the piglet)乳猪营养准则（饲喂乳猪）Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Low Feed Intake is a Strong Risk Factor(1 high 4 low)低的采食量是重要的低的采食量是重要的风险风险因子因子（1 高高 4 低）低）Risk Factors 风险因素Class order and limits等级的划分及区间1高风险234低风险Cree
28、p-feed intake/piglet(g)(week prior to weaning)教槽料摄入（克）/头乳猪（断奶前一周）470Feed intake/piglet during 1st week(kg)第一周内每天乳猪的采食量（公斤）1.72F.Madec et al.1998Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）010020030040050060070080090002468101214161820Average Daily Feed Intake(g/day)Days Post
29、-WeaningExperimental conditionsConventional Health(CH)Upper range(CH)Lower range(CH)Target Intake:How much should they eat?目标采食量：它们应该吃多少？目标采食量：它们应该吃多少？Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）How To Increase Intake:Management如何增加采食量如何增加采食量:管理管理Water水水(drinker numbers/flo
30、w rate饮水器数饮水器数/流速流速 0.7 升升/min分分)Ensure correct height(20-25 cm)确保确保正确正确的高度的高度Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）How To Increase Intake:Management如何增加采食量如何增加采食量:管理管理Feeder management 料槽的料槽的管理管理 Increase feeder space at weaning(75+mm/pig)断奶时断奶时增加增加料槽的料槽的空间空间 Dont ov
31、er fill the feeders!投料投料不不高于高于料槽料槽Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）How To Increase Intake:Management 如何增加采食量如何增加采食量Feeder management 料槽管理料槽管理 Ensure correct pan cover(20-25%)确保适宜的底部角度确保适宜的底部角度(20-25%)Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及
32、其应应用）用）Optimal levels of soya will differ between sites 适宜的豆粕添加水平因不同地点而不同(and will be within range 0-25%)（都在0-25%的范围）Higher health unit will tolerate more soya 健康群体可以耐受更高水平的豆粕Nutrition x Site Comparison:Hypothesis营养和地点的互作效应：假设营养和地点的互作效应：假设Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其
33、养及其应应用）用）Site*,Int*Site*,Soya*,Int*Harper;LeedsNutrition x Site Comparison:ResultsAverage Daily Gain(ADG)and Feed Conversion Ratio(FCR)日增重和料肉比Wellock et al,2011Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Max 0.44mg/g 0.15 g/d TIA intake(Jagger et al 1993,unpublished)Max 2.5
34、 g/d phytate?Harper;LeedsNutrition x Site Comparison:ResultsTIA and Phytate IntakeWellock et al,2011Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）6.25%Proportion of Feed Bill on Starter Feed?教槽料占全程饲料成本的比例？教槽料占全程饲料成本的比例？Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营
35、营养及其养及其应应用）用）0 kg/pig2 kg/pigWeight(kg):体重体重 Wean weight9.09.0 7 wks 周14.215.2 10 wks 周25.727.9Daily gain(g/day):日增重日增重 4-7 wks 周260318 7-10 wks 周549603Daily feed intake(g/day)4-7 wks 周343385 7-10 wks 周782844Feed efficiency:料肉比料肉比 4-7 wks 周1.331.21 7-10 wks 周1.441.42All given 4 kg of pre-starter 2 a
36、nd same grower diet to 10 wks of ageStarter 1=1.7%lys,16.5 MJ DEWhats this worth?价值何在？Extra gain(+2.64/pig)/quicker to slaughter 多增收入（+2.64/pig）/快速生长至屠宰FCR 4-7 alone worth 0.4/pigThe Effect of Excluding Starter Diet 1去除教槽料的影响去除教槽料的影响Dr Elizabeth Magowan,2009Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applicat
37、ions（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）6 kg/pig8 kg/pig10 kg/pig12 kg/pigWeight(kg):Wean weight 断奶重9.09.09.09.07 wks 周17.017.316.917.410 wks 周29.830.729.830.7Daily gain(g/day):日增重（克日增重（克/天）天）4-7 wks 周3994133944167-10 wks 周604628610629Daily feed intake(g/day):日采食量（克日采食量（克/天）天）4-7 wks 周4404594254607-10 wks 周9249
38、30913913Feed efficiency:饲饲料料报报酬酬4-7 wks 周1.101.111.091.107-10 wks 周1.531.531.511.46Feed cost:饲饲料成本料成本Total()总（英镑）10.4610.9410.9811.41p/kg gain 50.250.452.852.8All given 4 kg of starter 1 and same grower diet to 10 wks of ageThe Effect of Starter Diet 2 Inclusion Level 不同添加水平的仔猪日粮不同添加水平的仔猪日粮2的影响的影响Dr
39、 Elizabeth MagowanAdvanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）6 kg/pig8 kg/pig10 kg/pig12 kg/pigWeight(kg):Wean weight9.09.09.09.07 wks17.017.316.917.410 wks29.830.729.830.7Daily gain(g/day):4-7 wks3994133944167-10 wks604628610629Daily feed intake(g/day):4-7 wks440459425460
40、7-10 wks924930913913Feed efficiency:4-7 wks1.101.111.091.107-10 wks1.531.531.511.46Feed cost:Total()10.4610.9410.9811.41p/kg gain50.250.452.852.8All given 4 kg of starter 1 and same grower diet to 10 wks of ageThe Effect of Starter Diet 2 Inclusion Level 开口料开口料2添加水平的影响添加水平的影响Dr Elizabeth MagowanYou
41、can feed too much starter feed!你能你能饲饲喂更多开口料！喂更多开口料！Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Treatment 处处理理组组Quantity of feed123Stage 1(kg/pig)3.001.001.00Stage 2(kg/pig)8.008.004.00Stage 3(kg/pig)(till d 26 直到直到26日日龄龄)1.322.986.84Feed eaten in nursery 保育的耗料12.3211.9811.8
42、4Wean weight 断奶重(kg)7.607.707.70End weight(kg)终重(day 26)18.6017.5016.60ADG 日增重(g/d)422381341ADFI 日采食量(g/d)473461454FCR 料肉比1.121.211.33Feed cost per pig()每头饲料成本（英镑）6.335.795.34/kg gain 英镑/kg 增重0.580.590.60Calculate most cost-effective programme(not always cheapest feed regime!)计算最经济的模式（不一定是最便宜的饲料方式）T
43、he Effect of Starter Diet Feed Level乳仔猪料饲喂量的影响乳仔猪料饲喂量的影响Pig Husbandry Research Unit,Co.CorkAdvanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）GETTING THE BEST OUT OF STARTER FEED:得到最好的乳猪料报酬High Quality diets pay提供高品质日粮Low temp fish meal低温处理的鱼粉Micronized cereal微粉化的谷物Milk protein乳蛋白
44、Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Same spec whey purchased from 7 suppliers从7个供应商购得相同的说明的乳清粉Same Diets compared with 10%Whey比较含10%乳清粉的“相同日粮”Whey Quality乳清粉乳清粉质质量量Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）bab10%Whey Inclusion 10%乳清粉添加量乳清
45、粉添加量aaabababKansas State,2008Whey Quality(Weight Day 14)乳清粉品乳清粉品质质（14日日龄龄称重）称重）Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Maintain Quality 保持质量In whey trial 在乳清粉试验中Performance varied from 308 to 349 g/day 生长表现从每天308克到349克不等Higher quality whey Extra 0.6 kg at day 14 高质量乳清粉-
46、在14日龄额外多提供0.6kgPotential lifetime saving 2 to 3 per pig 一生中有潜力每头猪多赚2-3英镑 Identifying Quality pays for itself 辨别品质Source consistent supplier 寻找质量稳定的供应商Lower Quality products will reduce performance 低品质的产品将降低生长表现QualityAdvanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Weight Diff(d
47、ay 32)Reason for differenceHealthy vs.LPS-challenged-1.7 kg FI FCRHealthy vs.Pair fed(healthy)-1.2 kg FI=FCRLPS-challenged vs.Pair-fed-0.5 kg=FI FCRTrial:Healthy vs.Challenged vs.Healthy Pair FedCan we home in on what disease challenge is losing us?我们是否可以我们是否可以 跟踪让我们赔钱的跟踪让我们赔钱的疾病的挑战吗？疾病的挑战吗？Low inta
48、kes,poor growth and feed conversion 低采食量，低采食量，差的差的生长和料肉比生长和料肉比70%reduced growth due to reduced feed intake 70%低生低生长长速度是速度是低由于低采食量造成的低由于低采食量造成的30%due to inefficiencies in nutrient absorption and metabolism30%由于营养物质的吸收和代谢效率降低造成的Dritz et al,1997Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营
49、养及其养及其应应用）用）30035040045050055015182124BW gain(g/d)体增重体增重 Try/Lys%色氨酸色氨酸/赖氨酸赖氨酸%Low healthHigh healthImmune challenged pigs require higher dietary tryptophan relative to lysine than healthy pigs+15%daily gain but+12.96/t +40p/pig 55gx40d=2.2kg Margin+1.80+6%daily gain but+6.40/t or+16p/pig 25g x40d=1
50、kg Margin=+84p/pigEffect of Health Status on Tryptophan Requirement健康状况对色氨酸需要量的影响Le Floch et al,2010Advanced Piglet Nutrition and its Applications（高（高级级仔猪仔猪营营养及其养及其应应用）用）Lactose and Crude Protein in Young Pig Diets(day 12-40 postweaning)乳糖和粗蛋白在青年猪日粮中的应用（断奶后乳糖和粗蛋白在青年猪日粮中的应用（断奶后12-4012-40天）天）Crude Pro
