1、Words and expressionsGrammaradd to 增加增加,添加添加(某种情绪或困难）某种情绪或困难）eg.The bad weather only _ our difficulties.add A to B 把把A A增加到增加到B B中去中去eg.Please _some sugar _my coffeeaddup 把把加起来加起来 add up to 加起来总和为加起来总和为eg.These numbers add up to 100.add（vt.&vi)added toaddto*addition n.加;增加的人或物*additional adj.附加的，另外的
2、besides;whats more 而且，另外in addition 另外，除另外，除之外之外in addition to sb./sth.除除之外之外，还还In addition to the names on the list,there are six other students.upset vt.使不安使不安;使心烦使心烦 adj.不安的不安的;心烦意乱的心烦意乱的Dont upset yourself.be/get upset about 对.感到心烦意乱Dont get upset about the dress,theres only a little stain on it
3、.It upsets sb.to do.做.使某人不安It _(upset)me to think of her all alone in that big house.upsetsignore vt.vt.不理睬不理睬;忽视忽视He ignores the doctors advice and goes on smoking.ignorance n.无知,愚昧,不学无术ignorant adj.无知识的,不知道的,愚昧的,幼稚的be ignorant of 对对无知无知,不知道不知道eg.Most passengers were totally ignorant of the safety
4、procedures.calm(sb.)down（使）平静（使）平静/镇静镇静下来下来She sat down and took a few deep breaths to calm herself down.Calm down,for goodness sake.Its nothing to get excited about!calm：镇定的，平静的（指人的心情镇定的，平静的（指人的心情）quiet：宁静的，不吵的（指没有声音或人的性格温和）宁静的，不吵的（指没有声音或人的性格温和）quiet holidaysilent：寂静的寂静的;沉默的（着重指不出声或不讲话沉默的（着重指不出声或不讲
5、话）still：静止的；不动的（指完全没有动作或声音静止的；不动的（指完全没有动作或声音）用用quiet,calm,silent,still 填空填空1)Lets go and _ your angry brother down.2)They moved to the countryside and lived a _ life.3)I prefer _ reading to reading aloud.4)You should keep _ while I take a photo of you.calmquietsilentstillyou had to pay to get it rep
6、aired.get sth.done=have sth.done 请人做某事请人做某事 (非亲自动手非亲自动手)Last week I went to the town to get/have my hair cut.上周我去城里（让别人上周我去城里（让别人）剪头发了。）剪头发了。Tomorrow Daddy will have/get himself examined.爸爸明天要去（让别人爸爸明天要去（让别人）检查身体。）检查身体。have got to=have to 不得不不得不;必须必须 Without machines,all the work had(got)to be done
7、by hand.否定:havent got to/dont have to 没必要(客观客观)must:必须必须I must come back before 9 oclock.(主主观观)concern（vt.&n.)be concerned about/for 关心，挂念关心，挂念eg.My parents are concerned for my safety.=care about/forbe concerned with 涉及，与涉及，与有关有关=deal with=refer toeg.This book is concerned with love.as far as I am
8、concerned 就我个人而言就我个人而言=in ones opinioneg.As far as I am concerned,Internet will make life better.This film is concerned()dream and perseverance，while many people are more concerned()the love story.【例】with about should have done 本该做(实际上没做）eg.You are late.You should have come five minutes earlier.shou
9、ldnt have done 本不该做（而做了）eg.You should not have told her the secret.could have done 本能本能做做(而没而没做做)You could have helped me with this project.neednt have done 本不必本不必做做(而做而做了了)eg.You neednt have taken a taxi,for it was near to my house.The weather turned out to be find yesterday.I_the trouble to carry
10、my umbrella with me.A.should have taken B.could have takenC.neednt have taken D.must have taken-I missed the first part of the film.It was really a pity.-You _ home half an hour earlier.A.should go B.must have goneC.should leaveD.should have leftCDgo through经历经历,经受经受The country has gone through too
11、many wars.浏览，审阅浏览，审阅Id like to have you go through the book.仔细查看仔细查看Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.记下记下eg.I have set down everything that happened.set down就座；使坐下就座；使坐下eg.Please set yourself down.使着陆使着陆eg.The pilot set the plane down hard.放下放下eg.When he got school,he set down
12、the bag.put downset up 建立，设立建立，设立eg.In remember of the battle,we set up a museum.set off 动身，出发；引爆，引发 eg.The next morning,we set off.set out to do sth./set about doing sth.开始着手做某事开始着手做某事eg.set out to study English./set about studying English.set back 推迟set free释放set aside 留出，不顾We to paint the whole h
13、ouse but finished only the front part that day.A.set aboutC.set outB.set upD.set downcheat v.欺骗欺骗;骗取骗取;作弊作弊cheat sb.(out)of sth.骗取某人的某物骗取某人的某物The old lady was so honest that the cheat easily cheated her(out)of her gold ring.cheat sb.into doing 骗某人做骗某人做He was cheated into smoking.He was caught cheati
14、ng in the exam.他考试作弊时被当场抓获。他考试作弊时被当场抓获。hide away 躲藏躲藏,隐匿隐匿They were afraid and hid away.hid,hid/hiddenhide away+地点状语地点状语The thief hid away in a friends house.hide+宾语宾语+awayShe hid her money away.a serious of 一连串的一连串的;一系列一系列;一套一套He saw a series of white arrows(箭头)painted on the road.A series of accid
15、ents(一系列事故一系列事故)has been reported lately.Those series of stamps are incomplete,while this series is complete.a series of+可数名词的复数可数名词的复数a series of meetings/examsseries单复数同形two series of stampspower1)(1)(人的人的)能力，力量能力，力量out of/beyond ones power 能力所不及Knowledge is power.2)2)权利，权限权利，权限the power of the la
16、w(法律)be in power 当权，执政 come to power开始掌权have power over 对.有控制权3)3)体力，智力，精力体力，智力，精力His powers are falling.It/This/That+is/was+the first/second/last time that某人第一次做某事某人第一次做某事This is the first time I have seen the movie.It was the third time that Id been here.从句从句必须必须使用使用!完成时完成时!It is the first time th
17、at I have gone home alone.这是我第一次单独回家。That was the first time that Id gone home alone.那是我第一次单独回家。He doesnt know what to say,for it is the first time that he_with a girl.A.went out B.goes outC.has gone out D.had gone outC CIt is/was+一段时间一段时间+since（一般过去时）（一般过去时）It has been+一段时间一段时间+since（一般过去时）（一般过去时）自
18、从某人开始做某事已经过了多久了It will be+一段时间一段时间+before（一般现在时）（一般现在时）It was+一段时间一段时间+before（一般过去时）（一般过去时）It would be+一段时间一段时间+before（一般过去时）（一般过去时）距离.将会有一段时间face to face 面对面地面对面地 (在句中作状语在句中作状语)We are talking face to face.face-to-face a.面对面的面对面的 (作定语作定语)We have a face-to-face interview.hand in hand 手拉手地手拉手地side by
19、side 并排地并排地step by step 逐步地逐步地one by one 一个一个地一个一个地heart to heart 坦诚地坦诚地That night they talked _ with each other.heart to heartIt is/was+n.+doing sthIt is/was no pleasure looking through these any longer.It is no use/no good/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth.It is no good smoking!outdoors adv.在户
20、外；在野外在户外；在野外Children usually prefer playing outdoors.outdoor adj.户外的户外的,野外的野外的e.g.an outdoor sport/game 户外运动indoor a.屋内的，室内的屋内的，室内的e.g.indoor flowers 室内花卉 grow/be crazy about sth热衷于迷恋be crazy about doing sth/to do sthe.g.The boy is crazy about skating.on purpose 故意故意She broke the vase on purpose她故意把
21、花瓶打碎。她故意把花瓶打碎。purpose n.目的目的,意图意图carry out the purpose 实现目标实现目标But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.far常与too或形容词连用,意思是相当地相当地多得多得too many 可数名词可数名词 “太多太多”too much 不可数名词不可数名词much tooadj/adv “实在太实在太”You have wasted too much time.The schoolbag is heavy.I have put too many bo
22、oks in it.There is very little room in the house because it has far_ furniture.Its _ hot.too muchmuch toosuffer from 患病，遭受recover from 恢复He is suffering from headache.I have rocovered from the cold.Ill make you suffer.我会让你受苦的特别提示特别提示：suffer不能用于被动结构不能用于被动结构suffer vt.&vi 遭受，忍受have trouble with sb./sth
23、 与与某人有矛盾某人有矛盾；做某事费力做某事费力have great/some/much/no trouble(不可数名词不可数名词)withhave difficulty with sb.have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.!不可数名词，不要变复数不可数名词，不要变复数!get along/on with sb./sth.与与相处相处；进展进展I used to get along really well with my boss.How are you getting along with your homework?He is a pleasant
24、person who is easy _.A.to get along with B.to get alongC.to be getting on D.getting along withA fall in love with sb.爱上某个人爱上某个人They have_ with each other for 30 years.A.fallen in love B.fell in love C.been in love D.been fallen in love解析解析:fall:fall是瞬间性动词是瞬间性动词,用于用于表示一段时间的完成时表示一段时间的完成时句中时，要将其变为延续性动词
25、句中时，要将其变为延续性动词。fall in lovefall in love 的延的延续形式是续形式是 be in love be in love。CTell me exactly where he is.确切地告诉我他在什么地方。The train arrived at exactly 8 oclock.火车八点钟准时到达。“So she wants to sell the house and move to London.”“Exactly.”-那么说,她是想把房子卖掉，搬到伦敦去。-对。Your answer is exactly right.你回答得完全正确。exactly ad.恰
26、好地恰好地,正确地正确地,精确地精确地,正是正是拓展拓展:not exactly 的口语用法的口语用法1)1)表示轻微的否定表示轻微的否定,意为意为“不很不很”。如：。如：Hes not exactly angryhes just acting.他倒不是真生气他倒不是真生气只是装装样子罢了。只是装装样子罢了。2)2)表示不完全否定表示不完全否定,意为不完全是意为不完全是;不完全如此不完全如此;不全对。不全对。如：如：A:A:Do you mean to say hell refuse us?你的意思是说他会拒绝我们你的意思是说他会拒绝我们?B:B:Not exactly.不完全如此。不完全如此
27、。attend,join,join in,take part in,participate in词汇词汇含义含义举例举例attend参加婚参加婚礼礼、会议、会议、上上课课、听报听报告告等等attend a meetingjoin=become a=become a membermember ofof加入某个团体或组织加入某个团体或组织join the students unionjoin in参加某项活动参加某项活动join in the discussiontake part in参加群众性活动，强调在该项参加群众性活动，强调在该项活活 动中发挥了一定作用动中发挥了一定作用take part
28、 in social activitiesparticipate in同同taketake partpart ininparticipate in the governing processget over 克服克服He has already get over the habit of smoking.get away 离离 开开get away from 摆摆 脱脱get down 下来，使沮丧下来，使沮丧get off 动身；脱下动身；脱下；下车下车get across 被理解被理解get through 打通电打通电话话；通过；通过I finally get through my br
29、other.offer v./n.提供提供offer to do sth.主动提出做某事主动提出做某事（volunteer）eg.He offered to help me.offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物给某人提供某物eg.I was offered a place at that University.v./n.出价；提议出价；提议Ill offer you 90 RMB for this CD.Maxs offer was the most attractive.I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoor
30、s for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我很久无法出门的缘故我不知道这是不是因为我很久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。I wonder if 我不知是否我不知是否e.g.I wonder if you can help me repair my bike.its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that.强调句的构成:It is
31、/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时被强调部分是人时,可用可用who替代替代that)1.1.构成强调句的构成强调句的It本身没有词义，但是不能用其他词替代。本身没有词义，但是不能用其他词替代。2.2.被强调部分是人是用被强调部分是人是用that/who,其他情况都用其他情况都用that。3.3.被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It It 后面的后面的bebe动词均用动词均用单数形式单数形式，即即is/was.is/was.4.4.判断一个句子是否为强调句的方法：判断一个句子是否为强调句的方法：I came across them in
32、 the club two days ago.It was I who came across them in the club two days ago.It was them that I came across in the club two days ago.It was in the club that I came across them two days ago.It was two days ago that I came across them in the club.被强调部分也可以是被强调部分也可以是从句从句。He went back to his hometown wh
33、en the war was over.It was when the war was over that he went back to hishometown.It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who(被强调部分是人时被强调部分是人时,可用可用who替代替代that)keep+sb./sth.+形容词形容词/副词副词Anna was too tired to keep her eyes open.keep+sb./sth.+名词名词I want to keep the thing a secret between us.keep+sb./sth.+现在分词（表主动）现在分
34、词（表主动）To stay safe in the forest,we should keep the fire burning.keep+sb./sth.+过去分词（表被动过去分词（表被动/持续状态）持续状态）You should keep the door locked.Please keep the windows closing.1）dare用作实义动词，用作实义动词，“敢于敢于”有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词不有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词不定式定式dare to do sth否定式否定式：dont/doesnt/didnt dare to doShe dares to jump
35、 down from the top of the wall.She doesnt dare to meet her teachers eyes.2 2）dare用作情态动词，用作情态动词，“敢敢”没有人称的变化没有人称的变化，后跟动词原形后跟动词原形dare do sth否定式否定式：darent do sthIf you dare say that to our teacher,I would vote for you.Idarentaskherforarise.4.I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A.dare to say B.dare say
36、ing C.not dare say D.dared to sayD解析解析:答案答案D。本题主要考查了。本题主要考查了dare作为作为情态动词和实义动词的基本用法。作为情态动词和实义动词的基本用法。作为实义动词实义动词,dare有人称、数和时态的变化有人称、数和时态的变化,故故dare to say与主语与主语he相悖相悖;dare doing结构本身错误结构本身错误;dare的否定形式应为的否定形式应为dare not do(情态动词情态动词)或或 dont/doesnt/didnt dare(实义动词实义动词)to do。1.The best way to deal with a mis
37、behaved child is to _ him or her.A.neglect B.ignore C.omit D.overlook2.Why is he so concerned _ others attitude to her?A.to B.about C.with D.in3.A series of TV play _on show on channel 3 tonight.A.is B.are C.was D.wereConsolidation(巩固练习)BBA4.Let Harry play with your toys as well.You must learn to _.
38、A.support B.care C.spareD.share5.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.A.much too heavyB.too much heavy C.heavy too muchD.too heavy muchDA6.Iraq has _ too many wars since 1990,making his people _ a lot.A.got through;pay B.looked through;face C.gone through;suffer D
39、.passed through;destroy7.-How many times have you been to China?-In fact,it is the first time that I _ here.A.was B.am C.had been D.have beenCD8.He made a mistake,but he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A.untilB.when C.before D.as9.Being afraid of making mistakes,the little boy _ answer his te
40、achers question.A.does dare B.doesnt dare to C.darent to D.not dare to10.Please _ the numbers and Im sure they will _ more than 1,000.A.add up;add to B.add up;add up C.add up;add up to D.add to;add upCBC11.There is an old man living _ in a _ house.A.alone;lonely B.lonely;alone C.alone;alone D.lonely
41、;lonely12.His father told me that he _ for the United States three days _.A.has left;ago B.had left;ago C.left;ago D.had left;before13.I missed the first part of the film.It was really a pity.You _ home half an hour earlier.A.should go B.must have gone C.should leaveD.should have leftDDA14.There was
42、 _ time _ I hated to go to school.A.a;that B.a;when C.the;that D.the;when15.The teacher raised her voice _ everyone could hear her clearly.A.in order to B.in order that C.so as to D.make sureBB16.The concert is not free.All the visitors have to _ to get in and have a look at the programmes.A.spend B
43、.cost C.pay for D.pay17.The water of the lake were so _ that it looked like glass.A.silent B.calm C.still D.quiet18.The new plant cant _ the cold weather,so the researchers are trying to deal with it.A.suffer for B.suffer C.suffer from D.long forDBB19.It was at 5 oclock _ the visitors finally arrive
44、d at Pudong International Airport.A.when B.that C.before D.after20.Internet is becoming more and more popular.You _ to a library if you want to look up some information.A.dont need go B.neednt to go C.dont need to go D.doesnt need to goCB21.It is very kind _ you to see me off at the station._.Good l
45、uck.A.for;Its a pleasure B.of;Dont mention it C.for;you are welcome D.of;Thats right22.The other day,when I was shopping,I happened _ my former teacher whom I _ for many years.A.to meet;hadnt seen B.meeting;havent seen C.to meet;havent seen D.meeting;hadnt seenABWhile walking the dog,you were carele
46、ss.时间状语从句的省略形式 完整形式是：While(you were)walking the dog,在while,when,until,unless,though/although,as if引导的状语从句中若主,从句主语一致且从句谓语含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。Dont listen to music while(you are)doing your homework.从句的主语和谓语是逻辑上的主谓关系时，用“连词连词+现在分词现在分词”While(I was)walking alone in the street,I heared my name called.从句的主语和谓语是逻辑上的主谓关系时，用“连词连词+过去分词过去分词”If(we are)given more time,we can do it better.若状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，同时从句谓语又含有系动词be时，可将从句的主语it和系动词be一同省略，而保留原连词，形成“连词分词连词分词(或形容词或形容词)”)”的形式。The palace looked splendid when(it was)first built!If(it is)necessary,you can look up the word in a dictionary.
