1、 Introduction to Logistics,E-Commerce,and SCMSource:Chapter 1omit pp.24-29Core Conceptions Generalized Supply Chain Model Enablers of Supply Chain Management Logistics Introduction E-Commerce Supply Chain ManagementWhy There Is the Lengthy and Unpredictable Time to Market?Problems and Solutions How
2、to Do With It?Range from 15 to 30 days Sometimes even longer ProcessesProblems and Solutions methods Lets look into Something might go wrong order creation and transfer order processing shipment public mailfax telephone EDI credit authorization manual or computer systems order assignment to a wareho
3、use for selection inventory out-of-stock,a lost or misplaced work order,a misdirected shipment,Old business practices The industrialized world was characterized by scarcity;Business focused more on supply than demand;Business forced to keep large inventory;Consumers reached only indirectlyNew custom
4、ers desires Wide choice of products and services;Specifically designed and delivered products and services The Internet Impacts on the World of Commerce Transportation becomes economical and reliable;Information characterized by speed,accessibility,accuracy,and relevancy is available;Transactions ca
5、n be conducted efficiently;E-distribution can be launched economicallyCore Conceptions Supply Chain Management LogisticsWhat Is Supply Chain Management?Supply Chain(sometimes called the value chain or demand chain)Management consists of the firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and t
6、o improve operating efficiency.For Each firm involved,the supply chain relationship reflects strategic choice.A supply chain strategy is a channel arrangement based on acknowledged dependency and relationship management.Supply chain operations require managerial processes that span across functional
7、 areas within individual firms and link trading partners and customers across organizational boundaries.supply chain relationshipsupply chain strategysupply chain operationsThree Key Points:-What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?Logistics,in contrast to supply chain manag
8、ement,is the work required to move and position inventory throughout a supply chain.Logistics is a subset of and occurs within the broader framework of a supply chain arrangement.Integrated logistics serves to link and synchronize the overall supply chain as a continuous process and is essential for
9、 effective supply chain connectivity.Logistics is the process that creates value by timing and positioning inventory;it is the combination of a firms order management,inventory,transportation,warehousing,materials handling,and packaging as integrated throughout a facility network.Generalized Supply
10、Chain Model Generalized Supply Chain Arrangement Supply Chain Structure and Strategy UnderstandingGeneralized Supply Chain Arrangement SUPPLIERNETWORKINTEGRATEDENTERPRISEDISTRIBUTIVENETWORKInformation,Product,Service,Financial and Knowledge FlowsMATERIALSCapacity,Information,Core Competencies,Capita
11、l and Human ResourcesRelationship ManagementProcurementManufacturingDistributionENDCONSUMERS Context Integrated operations Five flowsThree Key Points:-Supply Chain Management PracticeIn practice,many complexities serve to cloud the simplicity of illustrating supply chains as directional line diagram
12、s.Complexity of the Supply chainMany individual firms simultaneously participate in multiple and competitive supply chainsComplexity of the Supply chainMany individual firms simultaneously participate in multiple and competitive supply chainsMiller SQA as Value NetTo understand the complexity of vir
13、tual supply chain arrangements called value netSource:-Industry Insight 1-1,P.8 PDF File:David Bovet and Joseph Martha,Value Nets PDF File:Stern Stewart Research,HERMAN MILLER:Growth In The New Economy Simple Miller SQA as Value Net Quick Affordable Customer AlignedCollaborative and SystemicFast Flo
14、wMiller SQA as Value NetDigitalAgileSuccessful Supply Chain Strategies Table 1-1,P.7 Source:-Market Saturation Driven Operationally Agile Consumer Customizer Freshness Oriented Logistics Optimizer Trade FocusedEnablers of Supply Chain Management Information Technology Integrated Management Responsiv
15、eness Financial Sophistication Globalization E-Commerce Impacts on Market Distribution Information Technology E-Commerce Impacts on Procurement Integrated Management Collaboration Third-Party Logistics Providers Enterprise Extension CollaborationSupply chains dominated by Sears,K-Mart,Target,and Wal
16、-Mart are direct competitors in many markets.Whereas competition remains the dominant model guiding free market economies,the increasing importance of collaboration has positioned the supply chain as a primary unit of competition.Enterprise ExtensionThe process specialization paradigm is commitment
17、to focusing collaborative arrangements on planning joint operations towards a goal of eliminating nonproductive or non-value-adding work by firms in a supply chain.The information sharing paradigm is the widespread belief that achieving a high degree of cooperative behavior requires that supply chai
18、n participants voluntarily share operating information and jointly plan strategies.Integrated service providers(ISPs),commonly named third-party logistics providers,market a range of logistics services that included all work necessary to service customers,from order entry to product delivery.The two
19、 traditional logistics service providers are transportation and warehousing specialists.Third-Party Logistics Providers/ISPs Responsiveness Information connectivity created the potential for developing response-based business models.Anticipatory-Based Business Model FORECASTBUYCOMPONENTSANDMATERIALS
20、MANUFACTURERWAREHOUSESELLDELIVERResponsive-Based Business Model BUYCOMPONENTSANDMATERIALSMANUFACTURERSELLDELIVERPostponementAt the heart of time-based competition is the capability to postpone manufacturing and the timing of logistical fulfillment.The basic notion of Geographic or Logistics Postpone
21、ment is to build and stock a full-line inventory at one or a few strategic locations.The vision of Manufacturing or Form Postponement is one of products being manufactured one order at a time with no preparatory work or component procurement until exact customer specifications are fully know and cus
22、tomer commitment is received.Two types of Postponement Financial Benefits of Timely Response Cash-to-Cash Conversion refers to the time required to convert raw material or inventory purchases into sales revenue.Dwell Time Minimization is the concept to minimize the ratio of time that an asset sits i
23、dle to the time required to satisfy its designated supply chain mission.(Free)Cash Spin is the concept to reduce overall assets committed to supply chain performance.Globalization import and export operations establishment of local presence in foreign nations and trading areas full-fledged conduct of business operations within and across international boundaries Stages to globalization:-
