1、【备考高考】最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习(附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Do you know that junk food isnt healthy? Of course you do! Do you eat it anyway? Of course you do! But a new study shows teaching adolescents about the ways food companies fool them into thinking junk food is cool can encourage kids to fight backby eating h
2、ealthier. The pull of junk food can be super-strong. Its designed to tasty; which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it. Yet we keep eating junk food. Professor Christopher Bryan says, Food companies wan
3、t you to want junk food. They spend millions of dollars coming up with new ways to promote junk food consumption. They hire scientists to make new junk food almost irresistible. They might do this, for example, by adding more sugar. Rats fed junk food for six weeks will even walk across a floor that
4、 gives them electric shocks just to get more of such food. Food ads often make unhealthy junk food seem healthy by featuring professional athletes, fit-looking pop stars and smiling, active teens. We thought when the students learned this, it would matter to them, Bryan says. He worked with 8th grad
5、ers at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The studen
6、ts learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when youre older. After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didnt have p
7、ositive feelings about these unhealthy foods.（1）Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1? A.To express his doubts about junk food.B.To promote the idea of healthy eating.C.To describe the situation of junk food.D.To introduce the topic for discussion.（2）What remains a great health ch
8、allenge to doctors? A.Making people do more exercise.B.Making people eat healthily.C.Making people lose weight.D.Making people prefer junk food.（3）What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey? A.What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.B.What influences junk food can have on consumers.
9、C.How food companies try to get people to reach for junk food.D.Why food companies promote the consumption of junk food.（4）Which of the following words can best describe Bryans lessons? A.Shocking.B.Popular.C.Effective.D.Abstract.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品
10、的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。 （1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知本文介绍了一项研究：让青少年了解食品公司的推销方式比单纯告诉他们垃圾食品的危害更能让他们选择健康的饮食。可以推断出，文章第一段中提及那两个问题Do you know that junk food isnt healthy? 你知道垃圾食品不健康吗？Do you eat it anyway? 你仍然还吃垃圾食品？ 是为了引出本文要讨论的话题。故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Its designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health
11、 challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，这使吃得好成为一个巨大的健康挑战，从医生到政府每一个人都一直在努力应对这一挑战。由此可知，对医生而言，让人们吃得健康依然是一个巨大的健康挑战。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消费者想吃垃圾食品”，紧接着说到“它们（食品公司)花巨资想办法推广垃圾食品，它们聘请科学家制作新的垃圾食品，使人们几乎无法抗拒”，接着还举例说“它们可能会往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由
12、此可以推断，作者在本段主要是想告诉读者食品公司是如何想方设法让人们去吃垃圾食品的。故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段主要介绍Bryan给德克萨斯州的一所学校的八年级学生们上的课，再根据文章最后一段After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didnt have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.可知，课后当这些孩子被问及他们对垃圾食品的看法时，大多数人对这些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。由此可以推
13、断，Bryan的课是有效的。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there
14、might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key partdrivers. DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is
15、 to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles. One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction a
16、nd had to be disabled by remote control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The winner, if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire. You get a lot of
17、respect for natural abilities of the living things, says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Autonics. Even ants (蚂蚁) can do all these tasks effortlessly. Its very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines. The robotic vehicles, thou
18、gh with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but
19、she already knows that when theres a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.（1）Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because_. A
20、.they did not have any human guidanceB.the road was not familiar to the driversC.the distance was too long for the vehiclesD.the prize money was unattractive to the drivers（2）DARPA organized the race in order to_. A.raise money for producing more robotic vehiclesB.push the development of vehicle ind
21、ustryC.train more people to drive in the desertD.improve the vehicles for future wars（3）From the passage we know robotic vehicles are a kind of machines that _. A.can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing canB.can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limitC.can show off their abili
22、ty to turn themselves upside downD.can move from place to place without being driven by human beings（4）In the last paragraph, the writer implies that there is a long way to go_. A.for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficultiesB.for a little child who has just learned to wal
23、k to reach the cookie on the tableC.for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solveD.for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛，目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车，并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。 （1）考查
24、推理判断。根据第一段中的“Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key partdrivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家，因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。可知，这些汽车都没有驾驶员。故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop r
25、obotic vehicles for future battlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛，作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。可以推测，DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车，故选D。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance.”但这项被称为“大
26、挑战”的项目恰恰证明了，在没有人类引导的情况下，让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。可以推断出“robotic vehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“she is more advanced.than any machine.”可知机器远不如人的智力。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking wha
27、t was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become todays jazz. Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Color
28、ed Waifs Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band. While at the Waifs, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the citys finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard perf
29、ormed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique. When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day.
30、 In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrongs biggest challenge yet the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作). Soon, Armstrongs undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musi
31、cians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created. Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band. Armstrong moved to Ne
32、w York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Hendersons band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends
33、(混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph? A.To play dance music.B.To work with Buddy Bolden.C.To create modem jazz music.D.To play a jazz instrument well.（2）Who taught Louis Armstr
34、ong how to play music in the early time? A.Buddy Bolden.B.Lil Hardin.C.Cornetist Freddie Keppard.D.King Joe Oliver.（3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Olivers band? A.Because he wanted to get married in New York.B.Because the man forced him to leave the band.C.Because he got a better opportunity i
35、n New York.D.Because his talent could not develop completely.（4）Whats the main idea of the passage? A.It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.B.It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians.C.It introduces the development of jazz.D.It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.【答案】
36、 （1）C（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。 （1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become todays jazz.由此可知that指上段 “.to create what would eventually become todays jazz.”，故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his
37、wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Olive
38、r would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 Your teenage best friend could
39、be good for your long-term mental health, according to a new study published in the journal Child Development According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they
40、 were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found. Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adultho
41、od, the authors, led by Rachel K, Narr, a postdoctoral student focused on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote. A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But t
42、he new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. My hunch(预感)was that close friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way, Narr told Quartz. Being successful in one is not the same as being successful in the other. Many study p
43、articipants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship
44、 itself. And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should b
45、e a priority, study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.（1）What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship? A.Excellent performance in high school.B.A larger group of friends.C.Mental health by early adulthood.D.A large social network in the future.（2）What can we learn about the past
46、 research? A.It attached great significance to adolescent friendships.B.It was totally different from the new research.C.It helped improve teenagers mental health.D.It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.（3）What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits? A.Not continuing to have a close relationship.B.Having a best friend in high school.C.Understanding the world of social media.D.Knowing how to build a close friendship（4）What did the researcher Joseph suggest? A.Learning to use social media.B.Broadening your
