1、1 calendar n.历法，日历 阳历solar calendar 阴历 lunar calendar wall calendar 挂历 台历 desk calendar 电子日历 electric calendar2 historian n.历史学家 historic adj.有历史意义的-This is a historic speech.historical adj.与历史研究有关系的 historical research 历史研究3 unique adj.无与伦比的，独一无二（本身具有比较意义，不能接受比较级，可以接受quite,nearly,surely,really，不能接受
2、rather,very等词的修饰）-I am quite unique person.【辨】4 1）special adj.注重性质特殊 special gift 特别的礼物 2）especial adj.强调超过其它全部-This is a matter of especial importance.=This is a especially important matter.3）particular adj.特定的-Pineapples have particular flavor.5 steadily adv.不断地-He always study steadily.steady adj
3、.稳固的 steady on 小心！别急！keep her steady 把定，航向不变，照直走（用在航海中）6 solely adv.唯一地 sole adj.单独的，唯一的-他唯一的谋生之道就是务农。-Farming is his sole livelihood.7 video n.录像，视频 adj.视频的 video camera 摄像机 videotape 录像带 videophone 可视电话 video conference 视频会议 audio adj.音频的，声音的 CD-ROM n.(只读）光盘驱动器（Compact Disc Read-Only Memory）CD n.激
4、光唱片，光碟机（Compact Disc）8 bewilder v.令人眼花缭乱（confuse,especially by lots of different things at the same time）-She was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.bewilderment n.in bewilderment 茫然不知所措【辨】9 1）puzzle （某问题因复杂、微妙而令人费解令人费解，既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态。）-I am puzzled by the problem.2）perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安焦虑不安，不知如
5、何解决的意思）,多用于被动语态。-He is perplexed for the answer.10 deduce v.（determine or decide sth by given fact）推断，推理（有充分的证据和准则而得出结论）-I deduce the conclusion from the given facts.(deducefrom 从推断)deduction n.演绎 deductive adj.推论的，演绎的 同：infer v.推断（不表示过程,也不表示结论是否有充足的理由）-What can you infer from the text?11 scanty a.（
6、too few,not enough）不足的，贫乏的 scanty knowledge 一知半解 a scanty crop歉收 be scanty of sth奇缺/be short of 短缺-The village school is scanty of text books.同：be want of 需要 in need of 需要12 clue n.线索 某事的线索 clue to sth.-Can you tell me the clue to what happened?提供线索 offer a clue a vital clue 重要的线索 news clue 新闻线索 wri
7、ting clue 写作线索13 insignificant adj.不重要的 significant 重要的=important 重要的（unimportant）14 shed v.使流出，泻;发散，脱落 流血 shed blood bloodshed 杀戮 流泪 shed tears watershed 分水岭，转折点 shed light on 启发.启迪-My teacher shed light on this problem.15 advent（coming or arrival）出现，到来，来临（经常与the 搭配，指节气，重要事情的到来，来临。）在冬天到来的时候 at the
8、advent of winter 自从的到来 since the advent of 16 agriculture n.农业 工业 industry 重工业 heavy industry 轻工业 light industry 服务业 service industry sunrise industry 朝阳产业 商业 business/trade/commerce17 assumption n.假定，设想-The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.assume v.假定，认为；承担-I assumed you can speak F
9、rench fluently.-I made a mistake and I will assume responsibility for it.18 dot n.小圆点 on the dot 准时地（=punctually）-他很守时，总是按时到。-Hes very punctual and always arrives on the dot.19 symbol n.符号，象征 symbol for 代表.的符号 status symbol 身份象征 symbol of .的象征-圣诞树可能是最为人们所熟知的圣诞节的象征。-The Christmas tree is perhaps the
10、most recognizable symbol of the holiday.symbolic adj.符号的，象征的 symbolize v.用符号表示，象征20 engrave v.雕刻，使铭记 engrave.on 在.雕刻.engrave with sth.雕刻上.-She got a ring which was engraved with her name.21 ivory n.象牙制品 象牙塔 ivory tower ivory carving 象牙雕刻 artificial ivory 人造象牙22 correlate v.使相互联系 与.相关、关联 correlate wi
11、th/to-贫穷也许与寿命短有关。-Poverty may correlate with a shorter life expectancy.relate 与.有联系（relate with）23 phase n.月相，天相；阶段，时期 in phase 按阶段地-我们会按阶段地学习新概念英语。-We will study NCE in phase.混：phrase24 primitive adj.原始的；粗糙的，简陋的 原始社会 primitive society 原始文明 primitive culture 原始人 primitive people（原始民族）-The conditions
12、 are primitive by any standards.-这些条件以任何标准衡量都是简陋的。25 depict v.描绘，描画（=describe）depict.as 把.描绘成-The writer depicted a soldier as a hero depiction n.描写，叙述 词根pict相当于paint:picture 照片 pictograph 象形文字26 Text：(L3)Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own
13、times.They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.27(L3)select v.选择 adj.精选的；优等的；第一流的 Select from-We will select three candidates from so many people.The selected入围，被选上 Select peaches 上等的桃子 Selective adj.选择的 Selection n.28（L3）mass n.团；块；众多；群众，
14、民众adj.大量的 A mass of 大量的 A mass of hot air 一团热空气 Mass media大众传媒 mass culture 大众文化 Massive adj.巨大的29 Text：（L4）What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.rely on=Depend on=count on30 Text：（L5）Films,gramophone records,and magnetic tapes will provide them with a bewildering amount
15、 of information.They will be able,as it were,to see and hear us in action.31 Text：（L5）But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.32 Text：（L8）Even seemingly insignificant remains c
16、an shed interesting light on the history of early man.shed light on=reveal=cast light on/throw light on33 Text：（L10）Up to now,historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture,for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons.Recent
17、 scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.34（L10）come into being=come into existence“come into”come into power 上台，当权 come into use 开始使用 35 Text：（L13）Historians have long been puzzled by dots,lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls,bones,and the ivory tusk o
18、f mammoths.36（L13）puzzle v.使迷惑；使苦思；n.智力测验；谜；难题，令人费解的事或人 对迷惑不解be ed about 苦思puzzle over puzzle out 苦苦思索而弄清楚 jigsaw puzzle拼图玩具 crossword puzzle 填字游戏（纵横字谜）37 Text：（L14）The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age,which began about 35,000 B.C.and ended about 10
19、,000 B.C.By correlating markings made in various parts of the world,historians have been able to read this difficult code.38 Text：（L16）They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon.It is,in fact,a,primitive type of calendar.It has long been known that the h
20、unting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression.39 Text：（L19）They had a definite meaning,for they were as near as early man could get to writing.It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them.40（L2
21、1）accompany v.陪伴，陪同；和一起发生；为伴奏，伴唱 a guest with/by-I must ask you to with me to my house.-I was ied by her.-Lightning usually accompanies thunder.-闪电通常伴有雷声。Accompanying adj.陪伴的，伴随的 Accompanist n.伴奏者41 Text：（L21）It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier t
22、han has been supposed.42 未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。长期以
23、来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。43 8、（L
24、6-7）They will be able,as it were,to see and hear us in action.方式状语从句 1）定义：是说明主句动作方式的状语从句 关联词：as,like,as if,as though,the way,how-(Lesson40)The workmen told him to do as he pleased.44-You talk just like your father does.-She is doing the work the way I like it done.-她按我喜欢的方式在做这项工作。2）as 引导的方式状从和as 引导的定语从句易混淆，区别是，前者在从句中不充当任何成分，而后者相反，通常做主、宾或表语。45-正如我们所知道的那样，电话是贝尔的发明。-The telephone,as we know it,was the invention of Bell.（方式状从作插入语）-The telephone,as we know,was the invention of Bell.（定从作插入语，先行词是整句话，as做从句的宾语）46
