1、【英语】 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic powers from their present positions. Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the We
2、st and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globeand Asians are in the forefront. Physicists are creating a new class of materials that display an amazing property unforeseen even two years agosuperconductivity (超导体技术). Used today
3、 only in specialized equipment, super conductors have the potential to radically change most of the electrical and electronic appliances found in the home, making them smaller, more powerful and efficient. They could free our cities of pollution by replacing petrol and diesel (柴油) vehicles with elec
4、tric cars, and cut the cost of electricity. The new materials do something that even the best of conductors such as copper and silver cannotthey do away with all electrical resistance. The significances for energy storage are great. The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries
5、 that decide to invest brains and money. For 75 years it had remained little more than a scientific curiosity with limited practical use because the phenomenon occurred only at extremely low temperatures. It was first observed in 1911 by a Dutch scientist named Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who cooled mer
6、cury (水银) to temperatures below -269 with liquid helium (氦). Then in January last year, two IBM scientists, K. Alex Muller and J. George Bednorz, found a metal oxide ceramic (氧化陶瓷) that superconducted at -243. Their report went largely unnoticed until last December, when it was confirmed at a scient
7、ific meeting in Boston. Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (助产士) to a new technology.（1）As is indicated in the passage, the technology of superconductivity _. A.has already been developedB.is
8、 still under developmentC.will be used only in specialized equipmentD.will be used in daily lives in a few years（2）The new technology differs from the others in that _. A.it began in the East and spread later to the rest of the worldB.it began in the West and spread later to the rest of the worldC.i
9、t is being cultivated in research labs around the worldD.it is accessible to physicists who are intelligent and rich（3）From the passage, we may conclude that _. A.Asian scientists gain the lead in the growth of the new technologyB.Dutch scientists kept reporting new findings for the last 75 yearsC.I
10、BM scientists report receive immediate attention all over the worldD.the West was astonished at the new technology developed by the Asians（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.The Prospect of a New TechnologyB.Superconductivity: A New TechnologyC.A New Technology: The
11、Key to Change the Way of Our LivesD.A New Technology: A Joint Effort of Many Countries【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ A new technology is going to ripe, one that could transform our daily lives, help to form new industries, even remove world economic power
12、s from their present positions. ”一项新技术即将成熟，它可以改变我们的日常生活，帮助形成新的产业，甚至将世界经济强国从其目前的地位上移除；以及第三段中的“The technology is in its early stage, still accessible to countries that decide to invest brains and money”技术还处于早期阶段，那些决定投资于人才和资金的国家仍然可以获得这项技术，可知选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Unlike the wave of industrialization that
13、 began in the West and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globeand Asians are in the forefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究亚洲人走在最前线。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Unlike the wave of industrialization that began in the W
14、est and spread later to the rest of the world, the new developments are taking place in research labs all over the globeand Asians are in the forefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究亚洲人走在最前线；以及最后一段中的“Today Japan, India, China and other Asian countries all have their share of experts
15、who spend their days and nights in labs, acting as midwives (助产士) to a new technology.”今天，日本，印度，中国和其它亚洲国家都有自己的专家，白天和晚上都在实验室里，充当一种新技术的助产士，故选A。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，第一段首先提出一项新技术，第二段说明了这项技术的发展潜能，最后一段介绍这项新技术的发展状况，因此选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确
16、答案。2阅读理解 WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE? I want to ask you a favor. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a pair of pants to use? Now imagine youre an architect. Same question. Now imagine youre Bill Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What al
17、ternative uses come to mind? What you just practiced-the conscious act of wearing another self-is an exercise that, according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being creative. One great irony (讽刺) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative w
18、ays. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either were creative or we arent, without much of a middle ground. Im just not a creative person! a discouraged student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, maki
19、ng a comment Im very right-brained. Dr.Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to believe in yourself. In fact, you shoul
20、d do the opposite: Believe you are someone else. He points to a study showing the impact of stereotype on ones behavior. The authors, psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into two groups, instructing one group to think of themselves as eccentric poets an
21、d the other to imagine they were rigid librarians. The researchers then presented them all with ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas,
22、whereas the latter had the fewest. These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a product of context and perspective. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillays work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identi
23、fying yourself as creative is less powerful than taking the brave, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of wearing another self. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone
24、can use it. According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when youre not focused on a specific task or thought. Most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of unfocus. This doesnt make us lazy; it makes u
25、s human. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive. Youre making yourself more creative, and youre giving yourself permission to do something youd otherwise feel guilty about.（1）Whats the function of the questions in paragraph 1? A.To lead in the to
26、pic.B.To make a comparison.C.To state an opinion.D.To ask a favor.（2）The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves A.creativity is an individual characteristicB.librarians are more creative than poetsC.ordinary objects can improve creativityD.your creativity is determined by yourself（3）Accord
27、ing to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because . A.it is an act of unconscious focusB.certain brain areas begin to act togetherC.people are in a state of lazinessD.all actors employ this technique（4）If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to . A.focus on a specific taskB.believe in your own
28、 talentC.pretend to be someone elseD.turn to be right-brained【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”What you just practiced-the conscious act of wearing another se
29、lf-is an exercise thatis essential to being creative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的有意识地穿戴另一个自我的行为是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的创造力话题， 故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第六段”These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but aproduct of context and perspective. Everyone can be creative, as long
30、as he or she feels like a creative person.“可知Denis Dumas 和Kevin Dunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是环境和视角的产物。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action
31、 when youre not focused on a specific task or thought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you t
32、o believe in yourself. In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 In 2015, a man named Nigel Richard
33、s memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence worksreal AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlim
34、ited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field. The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasksprovided the task is in one field with a lot of datait is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jo
35、bs in the next 15 years or so. But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobsexecut
36、ives, diplomats, economists go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs wont employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger:
37、 jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathywhich AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children. So there will still be jobs
38、 in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1? A.To introduce the topic.B.To m
39、ention Nigels feat.C.To stress the importance of good memory.D.To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.（2）Which of the following best explains outperform underlined in paragraph 2? A.Be superior toB.Be inferior toC.Be similar toD.Be related to（3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be
40、replaced? A.The writer.B.The shop assistant.C.The babysitter.D.The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI? A.Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.B.Get more support from the government.C.Apply for the donation from companies.D.Up
41、grade peoples professional skills all the time.【答案】 （1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了法国拼字游戏词典中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断
42、作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasksprovided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15
43、years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是胜过,超过,故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像
44、科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the wor
45、kforce so people can do them.” 可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 A large body of research has been developed in recent years to expl
46、ain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong? Avoiding temptation (诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the out of sight, out of mind principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in pl
