1、中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2021年 1月测试英语试卷本试卷共 150分，考试时间 100分钟。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节 （共 15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）AWere all familiar with the “hop on hop off” buses that tour around big cities. It seems theres now a new option coming thats bigger and better than those that have gone before. Next year, expedition company
2、 Adventures Overland is set to launch a new “hop on hop off” bus service that will travel 20,000km from India to England. The vehicle, which will have space for 20 people, is set to cross 18 countries in 70 days and passengers will be able to stop off in cities along the way.People looking to book t
3、he trip will be able to choose if they want to take the entire journey, or one of the four legs (Southeast Asia, China, Central Asia, Europe). If you take the route that begins in Delhi, the bus will travel to Thailand, before going up to China, then onto Russia and European cities such as Warsaw, P
4、rague and Brussels before finishing in London.Adventure Overlands bus route was partly inspired by the Hippie Trail buses that crossed the world in the 50s and 60s. Despite being the “longest bus journey in the world”, guests are bound to be comfortable with features such as business class seats, Wi
5、-Fi, in-seat phone charging points, private lockers and individual entertainment systems with AUX and USB ports. Anyone looking to book the great voyage must be willing to part with a considerable amount of money. Tickets for the journey are priced at 15,300 and the first departure is currently set
6、for May 2021. “The best time to do this journey is between April and June, because thats when the weather is favorable to start the journey from India through to Myanmar, and to cross the high mountains of China and Kyrgyzstan,” Adventures Overland co-founder Tushar Agarwal told CNN. “There are a lo
7、t of people, travelers, who want to experience these overland journeys, but they dont want to drive.”1. Where can be the destination of the bus service?A. China.B. Thailand.C. England.D. Russia.2. Which of the following is Not the feature of the “hop on hop off” buses?A. Comfortable seats.B. Private
8、 lockers.C. Accessible Internet.D. Computer games.3. When is the best time to take the journey?A. January.B. May.C. July.D. October.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种新型的汽车旅行“hop on hop off”。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“a new “hop on hop off” bus service that will travel 20,000km from India to England.”（一项新
9、的公交服务hop on hop off：将要从印度旅行20000千米到英国）可知，旅行的起点是印度，终点是英国，故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“guests are bound to be comfortable with features such as business class seats, Wi-Fi, in-seat phone charging points, private lockers and individual entertainment systems”（旅客们一定会很舒服的，因为有商务舱的座椅，Wifi，座位可以为手机充电，私人寄存柜和个人娱乐系统。）
10、可知，这趟列车有舒服的座椅，可连接的网络，私人寄存柜，故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“The best time to do this journey is between April and June”（旅行最好的时间在四月和六月之间）可知，旅客们可以选择4月-6月的任意时间，故选B项。BWe never knew why my father took over storytelling for his three little girls, but we always suspected it was to save us from Sleeping Beauty. Walt
11、 Disneys masterwork hit the big suburban screens in 1959 with a message for girls as vivid as its widescreen Technirama: If youre pretty enough, a prince will rescue you.My father invented a series of bedtime stories featuring three princesses who happened to be just our ages and even looked like us
12、. For some reason, the grownups were never around when danger struck. So, night after night, it was up to the three sisters to save the village, which they always managed to do just about the time that one of us fell asleep.It did occur to us that this village was either highly unfortunate or its ad
13、ults incredibly clumsy that so much fell to these little girls. We also saw that our parents wanted us to be strong. These girls didnt need to be rescued. They were alert, wise, and bold. That was enough.But how to carry this storyline into life was not obvious. In my early experience, women were ju
14、st beginning to be admitted to what had been men-only colleges, and teaching jobs followed. I loved to tell my network about the welcome dinner for new graduate students in vast, candlelit Gothic hall. I sat next to the dean of the graduate school, whose first words to me were: “I dont know why the
15、graduate school is now admitting women. Youll all just get married, have babies, and your education will be wasted.” After a few days to recover, I began telling friends this story and found their laughter and support encouraging. Soon, I had accumulated many such stories.Then, one of them hit hard.
16、 A colleague I trusted urged me, seriously, to quit teaching, because “If you dont leave political science, you will lose everything feminine about you.” I laughed. While losing someone elses idea of femininity might have seemed a great loss, losing weakness surely was not! The power of that promise
17、 supported me. I taught political science for seven more years with a great sense of appreciation for the opportunity, until taking up journalism, which I loved more.Still waiting for a prince? Be one.4. Why did father invent bedtime stories for his three little girls?A. To help them fall asleep.B.
18、To make their life colorful.C. To encourage them to be strong.D. To make them interested in stories.5. Whats the deans attitude toward women?A. Positive.B. Objective.C. Prejudiced.D. Ambiguous.6. Which of the following might the author most agree with?A. Women can work better than men.B. At no time
19、should women be labeled as weak.C. It is a waste of time for women to go to college.D. Women should give up everything to be feminine.7. Which saying can best describe this passage?A. Great minds think alike.B. Judge not a book by its cover.C. Failure is the mother of success.D. A friend in need is
20、a friend indeed.【答案】4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了父亲为了鼓励三个女儿坚强勇敢、自强独立而给她们编了一系列睡前故事来教导她们。作者也因此受到父亲影响，接受高等教育，从教政治学以及新闻工作等，活出了女性的精彩而不是被对女性的偏见所束缚。【4题详解】推理判断题。由文章第二段 “My father invented a series of bedtime stories featuring three princesses who happened to be just our ages and even looked like us.
21、For some reason, the grownups were never around when danger struck. So, night after night, it was up to the three sisters to save the village, which they always managed to do just about the time that one of us fell asleep. ”（我父亲发明了一系列睡前故事，讲的是三位公主，她们恰好和我们年龄相仿，甚至长得像我们。出于某种原因，当危险来临时，大人们总是不在场。所以，夜复一夜，只能
22、靠三姐妹来拯救村子了，她们总是在我们其中一个睡着的时候成功拯救村子），根据此故事内容以及第三段“We also saw that our parents wanted us to be strong.（我们也看到我们的父母希望我们变强大）”，再结合下文作者接受高等教育，从教政治学以及新闻工作等经历可知作者变得独立自强，而这得益于父亲以前通过给她编故事进行教导。由此可以推断，父亲以前给他三个女儿编睡前故事是为了鼓励女儿要变得强大。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。由文章第四段“I sat next to the dean of the graduate school, whose first w
23、ords to me were: “I dont know why the graduate school is now admitting women. Youll all just get married, have babies, and your education will be wasted.”（我坐在研究生院院长旁边，他对我说的第一句话是：我不知道为什么研究生院现在招收女生。你们都会结婚生子，你们的教育就白费了）”可知，这位院长对作者第一句话就是“我不知道为什么研究生院现在招收女生。你们都会结婚生子，你们的教育就白费了”，话语间体现的是对女性的不屑与偏见。故选C项。【6题详解】推
24、理判断题。由文章最后一段“While losing someone elses idea of femininity might have seemed a great loss, losing weakness surely was not! The power of that promise supported me.（虽然失去别人对（我）女性特质的看法可能是一个巨大的损失，但失去别人对（我）软弱的看法绝对不是（损失）！这个承诺的力量支撑着我）”可知，作者认为失去别人对自己女性特质的看法（让别人认为自己没有女性特质）可能会是很大的损失，但失去别人对自己软弱的看法（让别人觉得自己不软弱）绝对
25、不是损失。由此可推断作者认为女性并不应该就是软弱的，不应该给女性贴上软弱的标签。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。由文章总结段最后一段 “While losing someone elses idea of femininity might have seemed a great loss, losing weakness surely was not! The power of that promise supported me.（虽然失去别人对（我）女性特质的看法可能是一个巨大的损失，但失去别人对（我）软弱的看法绝对不是（损失）！这个承诺的力量支撑着我）”以及全文作者讲到的一系列关于女性被
26、以偏见待之，以及作者想表达的女性要独立自强、女性也可以强大的观点可知，B项“不要以貌取人”的说法最能总结描述这篇文章。故选B项。CWith reports suggesting a second wave of coronavirus (新冠病毒) may be on its way (or here already), it makes sense to give yourselves a check if were still doing all the right things. Washing hands is one of those things that we were hope
27、fully already doing, but realized in the wake of the pandemic that we could always be doing it more and for longer. But what about washing our food? Given the news that there have been outbreaks in food factories and processing plantsfrom Bernard Matthews to Mr. Kipling locations it does make sense
28、to think about it.Although the government have confirmed that the chance of catching coronavirus from food and food packaging is “very unlikely”, washing food before eating is a part of good habit that can reduce that small risk. Sally Bloomfield, chair of the scientific advisory board of the Intern
29、ational Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene tells people, “Because the items you pick off the shelves in the supermarket will have been touched by other people, there is a chance that the packaging may have become harmful via their hands. Washing your shopping is not a question of whether it is necessa
30、ry, its about minimizing riskand if someone in the home is at increased risk of infection, this becomes more important.”Dr. Perpetua Emeagi, a lecturer in Human Biology and Biological Sciences at Liverpool Hope University, says, “If someone with COVID-19 asked you if you wanted a bite of their sandw
31、ich, you clearly wouldnt go anywhere near it.” And the same caution has to be taken with everything you bring home from the supermarket, as you simply dont know whos been handling it before you. Imagine a scene where someone with COVID-19 has sneezed into their hands before entering the store and pi
32、cking up a tin of beans. The same person changes his mind, puts the tin of beans back on the shelf, only for you to come and place it in your basket shortly afterwards. On the science side, she continues, “Officially, Public Health England tells us that the amount of infectious virus on any surface
33、is likely to have decreased significantly by 24 hours, and even more so by 48 hours. But theres also some evidence to suggest the virus could survive for up to seven days outside the human body. Surfaces like cardboard and plasticcommon supermarket packaging productsare known to effectively harbor C
34、OVID-19. And my advice would be this: wash or wipe down everything you bring home thoroughly before either putting in your cupboards or consuming it.”8. Why did the author mention coronavirus in the first paragraph?A. To lead to the topic.B. To attract young readers.C. To give some evidence.D. To re
35、late the latest event.9. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 2?A. People can by no means catch a virus from food.B. Washing food before eating is a positive and necessary action.C. The items you pick from the supermarket can have a lot of viruses.D. The government has confirmed tha
36、t there is no need to wash food before eating.10. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 3?A. Cause.B. Destroy.C. Carry.D. Protect.11. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. Is it necessary to wash food before eating?B. How can we stop the spread of coronavirus?C. Wh
37、at are the best ways to pick up groceries?D. What should we do if we were infected with coronavirus?【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了吃东西前清洗食物的必要性及重要性。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With reports suggesting a second wave of coronavirus may be on its way (or here already), it makes sense to give yours
38、elves a check if were still doing all the right things.（有报道称，第二波新冠病毒可能即将到来(或者已经到来)，我们有必要检查一下自己是否还在做正确的事情。）”可推断，作者提到新冠病毒是为了引出文章主题是否要清洗食物。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Although the government have confirmed that the chance of catching coronavirus from food and food packaging is “very unlikely”, washing foo
39、d before eating is a part of good habit that can reduce that small risk.（尽管政府已经证实，通过食品和食品包装感染冠状病毒的可能性“非常小”，但吃之前清洗食物是一个好习惯的一部分，可以降低这种小风险。）”可知，吃前清洗食物是一个好的且有必要的举措。故选B项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前句“ But theres also some evidence to suggest the virus could survive for up to seven days outside the human body
40、.（但也有一些证据表明，这种病毒可以在人体之外存活7天。）”可知，食品包装也会携有（carry）病毒。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But what about washing our food? Given the news that there have been outbreaks in food factories and processing plantsfrom Bernard Matthews to Mr. Kipling locations it does make sense to think about it.（但是清洗食物呢?从伯纳德马修斯到吉卜林先
41、生所在的食品厂和加工厂已经爆发了疫情，考虑到这一点是有意义的。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要论述吃前清洗食物是否有必要。所以短文的最佳标题为“吃前清洗食物是否有必要”。故选A项。DScientists believe that birds in North America are shrinking because of rising temperatures associated with climate change. A study published in the peer-reviewed Ecology Letters found not only that birds bodies
42、 are shrinking, but also that their legs are getting shorter and wings are getting longer.David Willard, study co-author, measured 70,716 North American migratory birds of 52 different species from 1978 to 2016. For nearly 40 years, scientists and researchers woke up at about 3: 30 a.m. to collect a
43、nd measure birds that crashed into the museums windows during the spring or fall migration period, according to the Field Museum. “It started as a very casual studysomeone mentioned that birds sometimes run into McCormick Place, and I was curious, so I went for a walk around the building one morning
44、,” Willard said in the museums press release. “I found some dead birds and I brought them back to the museum.”Willard discovered that over time the birds mass decreased by about 2.6% and leg length decreased by about 2.4%. He also found that their wing length increased by about 1.3%. Scientists also
45、 measured temperature, precipitation, vegetation and other factors. They found that warmer temperatures were associated with a smaller body size.Co-author Benjamin Winger, who also studies the evolution and ecology of birds at University of Michigan, told The Washington Post that warmer temperatures
46、 have had an “almost universal effect” on shrinking other animals. The findings were consistent with a 2017 study that researched the breeding of wild zebra finches across a range of temperatures. Scientists found that a hotter climate during breeding periods produced smaller birds.Authors of the mo
47、st recent study, however, also noted that other complications of climate change, such as food limitation and environmental pollution, could have something to do with body size reduction.12. What happened to the birds in North America?A. They lack food.B. They suffer from drought.C. Their body sizes
48、decrease.D. They die of climate change.13. Why did Willard walk around McCormick Place?A. To see how the birds migrate.B. To find out the reason of the birds death.C. To make causal observations.D. To check if there are dead birds.14. What do we know about a zebra finch according to the passage?A. Its a bird affected by warm temperature.B. Its a kind of zebra that lives in the wild.C. Its a bird whose wing length has increased by 1.3%.D. Its a kind of zebra of a small size.15. Which of the following has no connection with birds shrinking?A. Food limitation.B. Temperature.C. Vegetation.
