1、【英语】名词选择题练习和答案一、单项选择名词1This new phone is aimed at young people in the 18- 25 age _ and in the eye of them, the product can _ a message to other people that they are well-off.Arange; deliverBdimension; conveyCrange; conveyDdimension; deliver【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词和动词辨析。句意：这款新手机针对的是18- 25岁的年轻人，在他们眼中，这款产品可以向
2、其他人传达一个信息，他们很富裕。短语in .age range“在年龄范围内”，故第一空应用range，dimension表示“尺寸；体积”；第二空中deliver表示“交付；递送”，convey表示“传达；传输”，结合句意故选C。2On November 11, Alibaba sold more than 210 billion yuan _ goods on its e-commerce platforms T and TMall, making headlines all over the world.Asum of Bvalue forCworth of Dprofit for【答案
3、】C【解析】【详解】考名词短语辨析。A. sum of的总和；B. value for物有所值（多形容质量）；C. worth of值的价值（多用于实际价值）；D. profit for利润为。句意：11月11日，阿里巴巴在其电子商务平台淘宝和天猫上销售了价值2100多亿元的商品，成为全世界的头条新闻。3As for your _ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.Aco
4、mposition Bcompromise Ccomplaint Dconcept【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词。A. composition作文； B. compromise妥协； C. complaint抱怨； D. concept概念。句意：先生，关于你对这双鞋的投诉，我会和负责的人谈谈，让他要么给你另一双鞋，要么把钱还给你。complaint about“对-抱怨”，故选C。4Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and _ .Aburden Bdepres
5、sionCbenefit Dsacrifice【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：拯救大兵瑞恩是一部令人难忘的反战电影，也是一个关于勇气和牺牲的故事。A. burden负担；B. depression压抑；C. benefit好处，益处；D. sacrifice牺牲；空格处与courage并列，都应该是褒义词，再结合电影情节，故选D项。5An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good _.Ascene BsceneryCsight Dview【答案】D
6、【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景 B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。根据句意，故D选项正确。【点睛】Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景，指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分6We have found that a boy matching your entered the amusement park just now.Ainstruction BexplanationCdescription Dapplication【
7、答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现一个符合你的描述的男孩刚才进入了游乐园。Ainstruction指示；Bexplanation解释；Cdescription描述；Dapplication申请。match description表示“匹配你的描述”，故C项正确。7Computers cannot work without _ from human beings.Aexpressions BinstructionsCprescriptions Dintroductions【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：没有人类的指令，计算机无法工作。A. expression
8、s表达；B. instructions命令，指示；C. Prescriptions处方；D. introductions介绍。instructions“命令，指示”符合句意。故B选项正确。8As he was not allowed to her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her.AappointmentBambulanceCaccompanyDadjustment【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：由于不允许他陪她去商店，他给她列了一张购物单。A. appointment约定；B. ambulance救护车；C.
9、accompany陪伴；伴随；D. adjustment调整；调节。根据句意故选C。9 Youve taken the lead in the test again. Can you share your _ for success with us? Remember, the early bird catches the worm.AbonusBrecipeCgloryDfancy【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：你又在考试中领先了。你能和我们分享一下你成功的秘诀吗?记住，早起的鸟儿有虫吃。A. bonus奖金；红利；B. recipe食谱；秘诀；C. glory光荣；荣誉；D.
10、 fancy幻想；想象力。根据句意故选B。10-Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? Its said to be _great success.-No, I have been busy preparing all the office_ these days.A/; equipmentsBthe; equipmentC/; equipmentDa; equipment【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查冠词和名词复数。句意：-你看过那位著名导演，导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。-没有，这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办
11、公设备。success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。【点睛】抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词。抽象名词一般为不可数名词，如success，progress，pity，surprise等。但是，在一定场合下，某些抽象名词和某些物质名词可以具体化为个体名词，这时它们具有可数名词的功能，这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。现将中学阶段常见的这类名词归纳如下：一、表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词，有时可具
12、体化为可数名词。这时常组成“aan形容词抽象名词”结构。如：He has a great interest in English他对英语显得很感兴趣。二、表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或物，这类名词有的已经完全转化为可数名词，词义也有所变化。如：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)分析句子可知，success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件个成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的
13、具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。11The organization was founded for the _ of poor children.AbenefitBinterestCadvantageDvalue【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。A. benefit好处；利益；B. interest兴趣；爱好；C. advantage优势；D. value价值。根据句意故选A。12In the book, the author describes how Iran has l
14、ong sought an with America.AaccelerationBaccomplishmentCaccumulationDaccommodation【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这本书里，作者描述了伊朗如何长期与美国寻求和解。A. acceleration加速，促进；B. accomplishment成就，完成；C. accumulation积聚，累积；D. accommodation和解，膳宿。根据句意，故选D。13I cant say which one is best its_personal taste.Aa lack ofBa means ofCa m
15、anner ofDa matter of【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：我无法说哪一个最好-这是个人品味问题。A. a lack of 缺乏；B. a means of方式，方法；C. a manner of方式；D. a matter of的问题。根据句意可得知D选项符合题意。故选D。14Some people experience shyness as a _ to communication, but this can be broken down gradually.Aconflict Btaboo Cbarrier Ddelay【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析
16、。句意：有些人觉得羞怯成为交际上的障碍,但这是可以逐渐克服的。分析选项：conflict冲突，矛盾; taboo禁忌；barrier屏障; 障碍；delay耽搁; 延迟。可知C符合题意，故选C。15Jin Yong, one of the greatest kung fu fiction writers in China, has an extraordinary _ of language.AconcernBcommandCgiftDoccupation【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：金庸，中国最伟大的功夫小说作家之一，有着非凡的语言能力。A. concern考虑；B. comma
17、nd统帅、命令；C. gift天赋；D. occupation占有。根据句意，他作为小说作家为人所知，自然有很好的语言能力。have a command of为固定搭配，意为;“精通；掌握”故选B项。16The building under _for stay-at-home children will be completed in MarchAcontributionBconstructionCcoincidenceDcomposition【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析及固定搭配。contribution贡献，捐赠，捐助；construction建造，建筑物; coincidenc
18、e巧合; 一致；composition作文，作曲。句意: 正在被建的留守儿童楼将于3月竣工。本句说的是建筑物，因此要用建造中。under construction意为“（正在）修建中”，因此选B。17“We trust that todays talks will help create _ on the Belt and Road Initiative as part of the efforts to build a global community of a shared future,” said Zhou Shuchun.AconsensusBconsequenceCcompromi
19、seDcompetence【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：周树春表示:“我们相信，今天的会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识，这是构建全球命运共同体努力的一部分。”A. consensus共识 ；B. consequence结果；C. compromise妥协; D. competence 胜任。会谈将有助于就一带一路倡议达成共识。所以 consensus“共识”符合句意。故选A项。18Actively involve yourself in voluntary work and you will see what a(an) _ it will make to your fu
20、ture life.AinfluenceBcontributionCdifferenceDvariety【答案】C【解析】【详解】本题考查固定短语。解题步骤：1.确定各项意思：A. influence影响；B. contribution贡献；C. difference不同；D. variety多样化；2.确定答案：固定短语make a difference有影响。句意：积极地参与志愿者的工作，你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C。19According to the bank rules released recently, you have to pay a 25% _ on e
21、ach cheque you cash.AadmissionBpensionCallowanceDcommission【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据银行最近公布的规定，你每兑现一张支票必须付25%的手续费。A. admission承认；B. pension抚恤金； C. allowance津贴；D. commission佣金；手续费。兑现支票必须付25%的手续费。故答案为D。20Most of his works didnt gain the international _ they deserved until his death.AreputationBimpres
22、sionCrecognitionDmeasure【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到他去世，他的大部分作品都没有得到应有的国际认可。A. reputation名誉，名声；B. impression印象；C. recognition承认，识别；D. measure测量。结合句意故选C。21He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.AaspectBappearanceCtalentDcharacter【答案】D
23、【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他证明了自己是一个真正的绅士，当他和别人一起工作时，他的性格之美达到了极致。A. aspect方面；B. appearance外貌；C. talent才华，天才；D. character性格，品质。根据句中a true gentleman 和when he worked with others.可判断绅士在工作时表现出的是性格品质，而不是外表或才华，故选D。22I cant stay out overnight without my parents _.AreputationBprejudiceCpresentationDapproval【答案】D【解析】【
24、详解】考查名词。句意：未经父母的同意，我不能在外过夜。A. reputation声誉；B. prejudice偏见；C. presentation 授予，介绍；D. approval批准，同意。根据句意，填入approval正确。故选D。23In spite of being in great _, the three injured football players managed to score a goal playing as a team.ApainBadditionCcontrolDcharge【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管非常痛苦，这三名受伤的足球运动员
25、努力为团队进球得分。A. pain痛苦；B. addition增加；C. control控制；D. charge充电。根据后句“the three injured football players”可知三名运动员受伤，结合语境可知A项pain“痛苦”切合题意。故选A项。24If you want to get a good _, youd better stand on the top of the hill.AsightBsceneClookDview【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：如果你想有一个好的视野，你最好站在山顶上。A. sight景象；B. scene场面；C. lo
26、ok样子；D. view视野。习惯用法：get/have a good view “有好的视野或视角”。故选D。25Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed _ at home.AviewBattitudeCstyleDatmosphere【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：托尼放了柔和的音乐，把灯调暗，以便使家里的气氛更轻松。A. view视野，风景；B. attitude态度；C. style风格；D. atmosphere气氛。根据语境及选项分析可知，此
27、处指更轻松的“氛围”。故选D。26A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems.AburdenBriskCholeDdisaster【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母我的问题时，我肩上的重担减轻了。A. burden负担；B. risk冒险；C. hole洞；D. disaster灾难。根据句意及选项可知，此处使用“负担减轻”符合题意。故选A。27The worker was satisfied with his boss because he was off
28、ered a good .AsalaryBpriceCserviceDreason【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个工人对他的老板很满意，因为他的薪水很高。A. salary薪水；B. price价格；C. service服务；D. reason理由。根据The worker was satisfied with his boss可知，此处指这个工人被提供了一个好的薪水。故选A。28The audience burst into laughter because of the_of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladi
29、es, evening and gentlemen”.Aslip Bslide Cseal Dspit【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：观众爆发出一阵笑声因为主持人的口误，说：“好女士，晚上和先生。” A. slip失误；B. slide滑动；C. seal印章；D. spit唾液。the slip of tongue口误，固定搭配。故选A。29At the meeting they discussed three different _ to the study of mathematics.AapproachesBmeansCmethodsDways【答案】A【解析】试题分
30、析：考查近义词辨析：这几个词都有“方式，方法”，但用法不同：A. approaches后面搭配to （doing sth），to是介词，B. means 和C. methods都是接of doing sth D. ways后面接of doing或to do sth，从横线后面的to the study of English grammar.可知to是介词，句意：在会议上他们讨论了三个学英语语法的不同方法。应该选A。考点：考查近义词辨析点评：词汇辨析是试卷中必然出现的题型，所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照点-线-面顺序，构建知识网络环境
31、，对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升，这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样，再做单项填空题时，就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法，平时要多归纳总结，词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中，连同句子一起记忆，这样能够加强记忆。30The past 40 years have witnessed different means of _from bicycle kingdom to auto market.AtransportBchallengeCexpressionDcommunication【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：过去的四十年见证了从自行车王国到电动汽车市场的不同形式的交通工具。A. transport 交通工具；B. challenge挑战；C. expression表达，表情；D. communication交流。由于自行车和电动汽车都属于交通工具，所以这句话描写的是不同的交通工具。故选A。
