1、【英语】中考英语易错题专题三英语定语从句(含解析)及解析一、定语从句1I hate the dogslive in the next house. They make loud noises all nightAwhoBthatCwhatDwhom【答案】B【解析】句意:我讨厌住在隔壁的狗,他们整晚发出噪音。who 谁指人,在定语从句中作主语;that 那个指人或指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what 什么不能引导定语从句,引导名词性从句;whom 谁指人,在定语从句中作宾语。根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少主语,故用代词that。故选B。2She is talking ab
2、out the school and teachers _ we visited last month.AwhoBwhichCwhereDthat【答案】D【解析】句意:她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师。who引导定语从句,修饰人,作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语或宾语;where引导定语从句,修饰地点名词,作状语;that引导定语从句,修饰人或事物,作主语或宾语。根据the school and teachers可知此处既修饰人,又修饰事物,故用that引导定语从句,故选D。3Shirley is the girl _ taught me how to
3、 use Wechat(微信).AwhomBwhichCwho【答案】C【解析】句意:雪莉是教会我如何使用微信的一个女孩。whom修饰人,在定语从句中作宾语或表语;which修饰事物,在定语从句中主语或宾语,或表语。who修饰人,在定语从句作主语,宾语或表语。此处作为定语从句的主语,修饰the girl,故用who。故选C。4I will never forget the fire _ happened in Shanghai last year.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich【答案】D【解析】【分析】考点:考查定语从句。【详解】试题分析:句意:我将永远不会忘记去年上海发生的火灾
4、。先行词the fire是物,故其定语从句要用which引导。what不引导定语从句;when先行词是时间;where先行词是地点;根据题意,故选D。5(江苏省淮安市2015年中考英语试)- What are you doing? -Im reading the book _you lent me last week.AwhatBwhoCwhenDthat【答案】D【解析】【分析】考点:考查关系代词。【详解】试题分析:句意:-你在做什么?-我正在读你上周借给我的书。what 什么,不引导定语从句;who谁,先行词是人;when什么时候,先行词是时间;that那个,先行词是人或物。根据句意可知,
5、这里是一个定语从句,修饰前面的名词the book,指物,故应选D。6This is the book tells many English stories.AwhatBwhichCwho【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:这是那本讲诉很多英语故事的书。此处定语从句修饰先行词book, 故排除what和who,此处关系代词which在定语从句中作主语。故选B。【考点定位】考查定语从句的用法。7This is one of the most interesting cities I have ever visited.AwhoBthatCwhichDwhere【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:这是
6、我曾经参观的最有趣的城市之一。这里是定语从句,先行词是cities,定语从句中缺少宾语,当先行词有最高级修饰的时候用关系词that,故选B。考点:考查定语从句,。8Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman _used the special power of the plant to save _lives.Awhich, millions ofBwho, millions ofCwhose, million ofDwho, million of【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:青蒿是中国常见的
7、一种植物,而屠呦呦是利用这种植物的特殊力量拯救数百万人生命的女人。考查定语从句的关系代词和数词短语。本句先行词the woman是人,关系词在定语从句中做主语,可知使用关系代词who;短语millions of:数以百万的;故选B。9Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?Yes. Its the best one I have ever seen.AthatBwhichCwhatDit【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:你看过流浪地球这部电影吗?这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。此句考查定语从句的关联词,that/which可以引导定语从
8、句,what,it不能引导定语从句,首先排除C,D;先行词是不定代词one,前面被形容词的最高级best修饰,引导词只能用that不能用which,故答案为A.【点睛】引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which(指物),who(指人)。指人时可用that或who,指物时可用that或which,但有时只能用that不能用which。常见的情况有下列五种: 当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。例如:Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么可以为你做的吗?All tha
9、t can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。 当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一 。The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。例如:My necklace is not the only
10、thing thats missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。 当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who。以避免重复。例如:Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁? )当先行词既有人又有物时,用that不用which。例如:The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。10“What are you doing?” “
11、We are talking about the books and writers _ we like.”AthatBwhichCwhoDwhom【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:“你们在做什么?我们在谈论我们喜欢的书籍和作家。”。考查定语从句的引导词用法。本句的定语从句的先行词是book书和writer人,所以关系代词用that,故选A。【点睛】定语从句中用that不用which的情况有:1)当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing, anything等不定代词时;2)当先行词前面有序数词或者形容词最高级作定语修饰时;3)先行词既有人也有物时;4)当先
12、行词前面有the very,the only修饰时。11My mother doesnt like stories _have sad endings.AthatBwhoCwhereDthose【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:我妈妈不喜欢有悲伤的结局的故事。根据句子结构可知这里考查定语从句的引导词,先排除D;先行词是stories,指物,排除B;且定语从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词,排除C,故选:A。12Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree _ waiting in a line?They are the students from N
13、o. 1 Primary School.Athat areBwhere areCwhich isDwho is【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:弗兰克,你看!那些在树下排队的孩子是谁?他们是来自第一小学的学生。考查定语从句。根据句意:弗兰克,你看!树下排队的孩子们是谁? 他们是来第一小学的学生可知先行词是children,指人,作主语,故选代词用who/that;children是复数,系词用are,故选A。13Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place _ well visit next week.AthatBwhoCwhereDwhom【答案】A【
14、解析】试题分析:句意:阳新的仙岛湖是我们下周要参观的著名的地方。本句考查定语从句,先行词是place,从句意来看,其在定语从句中作visit的宾语,指事物,因此关系词用that。故选A。考点:考查定语从句。14一WhichsongdoyoulikebetterMaria?一IpreferthesongManualofYouth_issungbyTFBOYSAwhoBwhomCwhichD/【答案】C【解析】【详解】C 考查定语从句的引导词。句意:Maria,你更喜欢哪首歌? 我喜欢TFBOYS唱的青春修炼手册。分析句子结构,本句中的 is sung by TFBOYS在复合句中作定语从句,其中
15、先行词 the song Manual of Youth 指物,且在定语从句中作逻辑主语,所以关系代词用which 故选C【点睛】完成定于从句的关键是分析先行词指人还是指物,以及其在定语从句中做什么句子成分15 Have you watched the TV play In the Name of People”(人民的名义)?-It s the most popular play _our Party s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).Awhere showBwhich showCthat showsDwho shows【答案】C【解
16、析】【详解】句意:你看过电视剧人民的名义吗?这是我们党努力反腐的最受欢迎的剧本。考查定语从句。当先行词前有形容词的最高级或者序数词来修饰的时候,关系代词只能用that。故选C。16You look smart in the Tshirt _ your daughter bought for you. Thanks a lot.AwhichBwhoCwhomDwhose【答案】A【解析】本题考查定语从句。根据句意“你穿上那件你女儿为你买的衣服看起来很时尚”。先行词为the T-shirt,指物,在从句中做宾语。A. which指物,做主语和宾语;B.指人,做主语和宾语;C.whom指人,做宾语;
17、D. whose指人和物,做定语。故选A。【点睛】作定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。17Why are you so worried? -Ive lost the watch _ my dad bought me on my birthday.AwhatBwhoCwhoseDwhich【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:你为什么如此担心?我把那块我生日时爸爸买给我的手表弄丢了。考查定语从句,先行词是watch表示物,故关系代词只能用which或that;what不引导定语从句;who的先
18、行词是人;whose表示所属;故选D。18-1 like to live in a room _ is big and bright.AthatBwhereChow【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:我想住一个又大又明亮的房间。that那;where哪里;how怎么。先行词room在定语从句中作主语,可用关系代词that代替,所以选A。考点:考查定语从句。19A Wechat(微信)is an invention _can help people talk to friends,share photos,ideas and feelings freely .AwhichBwhoC/【答案】A【解
19、析】试题分析:句意:微信是能帮助人们和朋友自由交谈,分享照片,想法,感情的一种发明。定语从句用来充当句中定语的成分,被修饰的名词叫先行词,连接主从句的是关系词。关系词分:1关系代词:who , whom , whose , which , that。2关系副词:where,when why 等。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which 用来指代物的先行词,that既可指认又可指物。根据先行词是物,引导词做主语不能省略,故选A。考点:考查定语从句的用法。20The green tea _ grows in South China is quite popular in China.Awhic
20、h Bwhen Cwhere【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:在中国南部生长的绿茶在中国非常受欢迎。which 引导定语从句的关系代词,先行词是物,which在定语从句中做主语或宾语;when关系副词,指时间;where 关系副词,指地点。根据句意可知,这里定语从句的先行词是The green tea,并且定语从句中缺少主语,故应选A。考点:考查定语从句的关系代词。21What happened over there?.Some people rushed over to help the man _ car had broken down.AwhomBwhereCwhichDwhose【答案
21、】D【解析】试题分析:句意:那边发生了什么事?一些人冲过去帮助那个车坏了的人。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句的用法,先行词the man在定语从句中作的是定语,所以关系词用whose,故选D。考点:考查定语从句的用法22Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_ has ever traveled in space.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意:刘洋是中国第一个曾经在太空旅行过的女宇航员。定语从句用来充当句中定语的结构,被修饰的名词叫先行词,此句的先行词为astronaut。连接主从句的是关系
22、词。一般的who 用于指代人的先行词,which 用来指代物的先行词,that既可指认又可指物。whom在定语从句中作宾语;whose在定语从句中作定语。此处连接词who做主语,故选C。考点:考查定语从句的连接词。23The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.AwhatBwhoseCwhoDwhich【答案】C【解析】句意:昨天我们见到的那位年轻的女士是我们的新数学老师。这里是定语从句,先行词是The young lady,这里关系词用who,在定语从句中做宾语,根据题意,故选C。24I like the teache
23、r is strict with us.AthatBwhomCwhose【答案】A【解析】句意:我喜欢对我们严格的老师。that是关系代词,可以引导定语从句,在从句中做主语或宾语,先行词可以是人,也可以是物;whom是关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语,先行词是人;whose的,也可以引导定语从句,后面修饰名词。这个定语从句中缺少主语,故应选A。25-Ive been thinking about those questions you asked me last week.-Oh, really? Have you got any valuable idea?AwhichBwhoCwha
24、tDwhy【答案】A【解析】句意:我一直在思考那些你上周问的那些问题。哦,真的吗?你有任何宝贵的意见吗?which引导定语从句,作主语或宾语,修饰事物。who引导定语从句,作主语,修饰人;what位于名词性从句中做主语,宾语,表语,表示事物;why引导定语从句,作状语,修饰表示原因的名词。先行词questions表示事,故用代词which引导定语从句,故选A。26 Jack, where do you work? I work for a company sells computers.Awhich Bwhere Cwhat Dwho【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:杰克,你在哪儿工作?我在一
25、家卖电脑的公司。which引导的定语从句, 指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语等;where引导表示地点的定语从句;What不可以引导定语从句。它只可以引导名词性从句;who引导的定语从句用来修饰人。故选A。27 What kind of movies do you like? I like the movies _ are about Chinese history.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDthat【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:你喜欢哪种类型的电影?我喜欢那些关于中国历史的电影。本题考查定语从句的引导词,指代movies在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词that或which,故选D。考点
26、:考查定语从句的用法。28The photo _ taken by my brother last week is very nice.Awhich wereBthat isCthat wereDwhich was【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:上周我哥哥拍的照片非常漂亮。此处是定语从句修饰先行词the photo,根据时间短语last week可知此处用一般过去时,故排除B项。因为先行词the photo是单数形式,故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。考点:考查定语从句的用法。29A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place student
27、s graduate from a school.Awhich; whenBthat; whoCwhich; whoseDthat; which【答案】A【解析】句意:毕业仪式就是当学生们从学校毕业时,举行的一个习惯仪式。结合语境可知前文先行词custom为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,指物,故引导词用that或者which。下文从句内容为前文动作发生的逻辑时间状语,故引导词用when,当时候,选A。考点:英语从句30Teenagers like reading the books _ are written by Guo Jingming.AwhoBwhatCwhoseDthat【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】试题分析:句意:青少年喜欢读郭敬明写的书。who先行词是人; what 不能引导定语从句;whose 先行词是人或物,作定语; that先行词是人或物。此句先行词books表示物,关系代词该用that,所以选D。