1、一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago. In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Rese
2、arch, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find
3、 increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says. A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana,
4、 published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure timeslikewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy OKeefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats(栖息地) could e
5、xpose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death. Joy OKeefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer ra
6、infall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, OKeefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. Declines in bat populations could have severe effec
7、ts for crop success, she says, adding that bats also control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes. However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird
8、migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction. And there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track, Stepanian says. We have this conceptual picture of what might be ha
9、ppening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.（1）Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _. A.bats prefer colder weatherB.bats delay their reproductionC.warming affects bat migrationD.radar can be used to observe bats（2）Joy OKeefe discovered that _. A.bats are used to living in rai
10、nfall seasonsB.bats earlier migration might harm farmingC.insects reproduction helps to spread diseaseD.insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier（3）What does the last paragraph want to tell us? A.Wind speed and direction affect bats.B.It is difficult to observe and track bats.C.Climate change ma
11、kes bats migrate earlier.D.Further research on the cause is necessary.（4）What is the best title for the passage? A.Bats habitatsB.Endangered batsC.Bats scheduleD.Bats, our good friends【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】 【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“
12、Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.”罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resul
13、ting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, OKeefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop succes
14、s, she says”奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。由此可知，乔伊奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, scientists are not certain that climate change a
15、lone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.”然而，科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及“Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying i
16、t to the cause is the next step.”斯捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的“But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.”但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠
17、迁徙提前的原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? Its never too early to start helping them get their work out there! Weve rounded
18、 up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter!Global Canvas Childrens Art Competition Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Found
19、ation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting Time to desig
20、n a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture. Advena World Childrens Art Competition Ages: 15 and under Mediums: draw
21、ing, painting, photos and other original artworks The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelingsanything from sadness or joy to anger or excitementthrough their chosen medium. Progressive Young Ar
22、tists Awards Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art compe
23、tition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling.（1）Which of the following favors the environment? A.Advena World Childrens Art Competition.B.Global Canvas Childrens Art Competition.C.Toyota Dream Car Art Contest.D.Progressive Young Artists Awards.（2）Wh
24、at prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest? A.A dream car.B.A scholarship.C.A tour of a factory.D.An amount of cash.（3）What is special about Advena World Childrens Art Competition? A.It has no fixed theme.B.It has an entrance fee.C.The prize is a scholarship.D.Its participants are t
25、he youngest.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Global Canvas Childrens Art Competition部分中的“this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据Toyota Dream Car Art C
26、ontest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Childrens Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有A
27、dvena World Childrens Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelingsanything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Im a storyteller. And
28、 I would like to tell you a few personal stories. I grew up reading British and American childrens books. When I began to write, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was reading: All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they ate apples and talked a lot about the weather, despite the fact that I
29、 lived in Nigeria. We ate mangoes, and we never talked about the weather. Because all I had read were books in which characters were foreign, I had become convinced that books by their very nature had to have foreigners in them. Things changed when I discovered African books. Because of writers like
30、 Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye, I went through a mental shift in my idea of literature. I realized that people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature. I started to write about things I recognized. So what the discovery of African writers did for me was this:
31、It saved me from having a single story of what books are. The year I turned eight, we got a new house boy Fide from a nearby rural village. The only thing my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. And when I didnt finish my dinner, my mother would say，Finish your food! Dont you
32、know? People like Fides family have nothing. So I felt enormous pity for Fides family. Then one Saturday, we went to his village to visit, and his mother showed us a beautifully patterned basket that his brother had made. I was astonished. It had not occurred to me that anybody in his family could a
33、ctually make something. Their poverty was my single story of them. Years later, when I left Nigeria to go to university in the United States, my American roommate asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official la
34、nguage. What struck me was this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. My roommate had a single story of Africa: a single story of catastrophe. Of course, Africa is a continent full of catastrophes. But there are other stories that are not about catastrophe, and it is very important, it
35、is just as important, to talk about them. The consequence of the single story is this: It robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar. So what if my mother had told us that Fides family was poor a
36、nd hardworking? What if we had an African television network that broadcast diverse African stories all over the world? What if my roommate knew about my Nigerian publisher, Muhtar Bakare, a remarkable man who left his job in a bank to follow his dream and start a publishing house? What if my roomma
37、te knew about my friend Funmi Iyanda, a fearless woman who hosts a TV show, and is determined to tell the stories that we prefer to forget? My Nigerian publisher and I have just started a non-profit called Farafina Trust, and we have big dreams of building libraries and providing books for state sch
38、ools, and also of organizing lots of workshops in reading and writing, for all the people who are eager to tell our many stories. Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity. When we realize that there is never a sin
39、gle story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.（1）What is probably peoples first impression of the writer when it comes to her nationality? A.She mainly eats apples and mangoes.B.She may not speak fluent English.C.She comes from a place free of catastrophes.D.She prefers stories based on fo
40、reign characters.（2）The underlined phrase a mental shift in Paragraph 2 refers to the writers_. A.discovery of African books with characters of her skin colorB.acquaintance with local African writers like Chinua AchebeC.realization that not only foreign characters exist in literatureD.change that sh
41、e started to write about things she recognized（3）How many personal stories has the writer mentioned in the passage? A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.（4）The writer uses several single stories in the passage to illustrate that the single story_. A.matters in keeping listeners well informedB.tends to convey
42、 a prejudiced idea to listenersC.gets increasingly popular among story tellersD.fails to produce a lasting effect on listeners（5）The writer lists many what ifs in Paragraph 6 to_. A.emphasize our differences rather than similaritiesB.indicate the way that stories are used to break dignityC.show the
43、hardship of recognizing our equal humanityD.stress the importance of telling diverse, balanced stories（6）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.The danger of the single storyB.The importance of telling storiesC.The single stories that matterD.Stories that can repair broken d
44、ignity【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）B（4）B（5）D（6）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲了几个关于个人的故事，通过故事告诫我们：如果我们只去聆听关于一个人、一个国家的单一故事，将会导致非常严重的误解。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段可知，作者实际上来自尼日利亚，经常吃芒果，不讨论天气，有着巧克力肤色。可知至少不是说英语的欧洲人；再根据第四段，作者的美国舍友对她能说一口流利英语表示疑惑可知，因此可以推断出人们对尼日利亚的人第一印象可能是认为他们不会说流利的英语。故选B。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”I realized that people like me, g
45、irls with skin the color of chocolate, could also exist in literature.“可知作者的思想转变是她意识到像她这样有着巧克力肤色的女生也是可以在文学作品中有一席之地的。即不仅仅外国人物才存在文学作品中。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。第二段、第三段、第四段分别讲了作者自己意识到文学作品中人物不限英美，作者发现Fide一家贫穷却努力，作者的室友对尼日利亚的刻板印象。即一共三个她的个人经历。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，不论是作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友，不同的人们有着不同的single story，实际上可以理解为“一面之
46、词”“刻板印象”，但其实又不符合事实，即会给听众传达有偏见的想法，故选B。 （5）考查推理判断。作者的一系列假设，其实是更好的做法。兼听则明偏信则暗。我们不应该听信一面之词，应该去多角度的均衡的了解。故选D。 （6）考查主旨大意。全文讲述了作者、作者妈妈、作者的室友的偏见，以及作者对此的看法。认为一面之词实际上是很不好的。在并没有亲自去观察探索也没有去多方面了解之前，人们就接受了single story。但其实往往并不符合事实。因此最好的标题是一面之词的危险。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 Road trip Motorhome delivery offers great family holidays. For just $1 a day, you can hire a fully-equipped motorhome, which you deliver to a specific destination within some days a
