1、【英语】英语阅读理解(人生百味)易错剖析一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类1阅读理解 A few years back I worked in a university building that also housed a department full of psychologists, all of whom seemed to see us as perfect guinea pigs(豚鼠) for their latest theories. If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and
2、 asked me to pick one, Id cast a careful glance and ask Why? before grabbing the apple pie. So one day, when someone from the Psychology Department posted instructions in the bathroom persuading all of us to Think about five things for which youre grateful every day for a week! my response was frank
3、ly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie. I wandered into the office of Heidi Zetzer, the director of our schools Psychological Services Clinic. Whats with the gratitude thing? I asked. You dont ask
4、an academic questioneven a simple one unless youre prepared for a long answer. Heidi came alive, and I sat down. Thats when I first heard the term positive psychology. The gratitude thing, as I had called it, was but one small and simple element of the practice. Kind of like training the brain to fo
5、cus on joy, my friend Heidi explained. Its only a week, she urged. Try it. I did. And guess what? It worked. Every day for a week, I found five distinct things for which I was thankful. They had to be different every day. I couldnt get away with just being grateful for my wonderful husband. But I co
6、uld, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. Hes a great cook. He always puts our family first. Life will never be perfect. I still see new stories that annoy me. The traffic in my city is maddening. I wish I co
7、uld speed up my recovery. But with just one simple exercise, Im rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I cant change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference. And all it took was a little gratitude.（1）Whats the authors at
8、titude toward the student with desserts? A.Cautious.B.Respectful.C.Indifferent.D.Supportive.（2）Why was the author doubtful about the instructions? A.Because she thought it wasnt worth the effort.B.Because she didnt like expressing thanks often.C.Because she needed to ask her friend to do it first.D.
9、Because she could do five things every day easily.（3）What does Collie Conoley suggest the author should do? A.Be grateful to her wonderful husband.B.Be thankful for things but not people.C.Be a great cook and put her family first.D.Be specific about what shes thankful for.（4）Whats the best title for
10、 the text? A.Dont Be Bothered by Small ThingsB.We Can Change Everything If We WantC.Practicing Gratitude Changed My LifeD.Being Grateful to One Good Person【答案】 （1）A（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。生活永远不会完美。但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并
11、且足够明智地知道两者的区别。这只需要一点感激之情。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, Id cast a careful glance and ask Why? before grabbing the apple pie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”。可知，作者
12、对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。我算了算。连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。故选A。
13、（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. Hes a great cook. He always puts our family first.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。他是个很棒的厨师。他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。可知，柯利康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方
14、面表达感激之情。由此可知，柯利康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But with just one simple exercise, Im rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I cant change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变
15、的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。由此可知选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Anyone who is afraid of failure and afraid to face challenges will never taste success, so said our professor in marketing. I laughed it off at that time, but
16、 got frightened when it actually happened in my life. I landed in a small city in the Middle East to set up a firm, a worldclass car rental firm. Having decided on the project, I earnestly settled in preparation. With a positive mind, I told myself nothing should stop me now, and was more than keen
17、to make it a success. However, the least expected thing happened. Iraq invaded Kuwait. Tension ran high in the region. Eventually the war broke out, and many people fled the country, leaving my firm in deep trouble. As usual, things become difficult, and every effort seems to bring disappointment, i
18、t can be tempting to lower your expectations or even water down your goals and ambitions. I was no exception. I thought of running away. I remembered the words of Thomas Edison, Many of lifes failures are people who did not realize how close they were to succeed when they gave up. I decided to hang
19、on, telling myself, I am not afraid of challenges and obstacles. I stayed on through months of uncertainty and insecurity. Finances ran low, and banks could not wait to get their dues. To add to all this, the banks even threatened to take all my vehicles. I felt I made a wrong decision to move there
20、. I was now ready to face failure. I was living against all hopes, believing that something good would happen. After 2 months the war ended. My persistence paid off: people started flooding back and the car bookings picked up, five times over. Success comes to the one who dares, even after failure,
21、to think positively and look forward confidently. After all, it is only the experience that makes a man tough. Failure does not mean you will never make it. It means that it will take a little longer. It provides us with a learning experience.（1）The main method the author uses to support his underst
22、anding of his professors viewpoint is _. A.offering analysesB.providing explanationsC.making comparisonsD.giving examples（2）How did the author feel when the war between Iraq and Kuwait broke out? A.UnconfidentB.IndifferentC.NervousD.Calm（3）What does the underlined phrase water down in the 4th paragr
23、aph probably mean? A.get rid ofB.smooth awayC.make less forcefulD.improve on（4）The authors purpose of writing the passage is most likely to _. A.informB.persuadeC.describeD.entertain【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者的教授曾经说过，任何害怕失败和害怕面对挑战的人永远都不会尝到成功的滋味。作者当时不以为然当，直到自己亲身经历了失败和挑战后，作者才意识到人们面对挑战或
24、失败时要大胆应对，保持积极的心态。 （1）考查推理判断。一开始介绍了作者的教授提出的一个观点，但是作者当时不以为然，直到在今后实际生活中真正遇到了失败或挑战时才认识到了教授的观点。下文主要通过自己的亲身经历阐述了自己的观点，即通过举例说明的方式。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“I was no exception. I thought of running away.”我也不例外。我想过逃跑；以及第五段中的“I felt I made a wrong decision to move there. I was now ready to face failure.”我觉得搬到那里去
25、是一个错误的决定。我现在准备好面对失败了。可知当伊拉克和科威特之间的战争爆发时，作者感到没有信心。故选A。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“things become difficult, and every effort seems to bring disappointment, it can be tempting to lower your expectations or even”可知当事情变得困难，每一次努力似乎都会带来失望，它可能会降低你的期望，甚至降低你的目标和抱负。故可推测划线短语意思为削弱，与C选项含义接近。故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Success
26、 comes to the one who dares, even after failure, to think positively and look forward confidently. After all, it is only the experience that makes a man tough. Failure does not mean you will never make it. It means that it will take a little longer. It provides us with a learning experience.”成功属于那些即
27、使在失败之后仍敢积极思考并充满信心地展望未来的人。毕竟，只有经历才能使人坚强。失败并不意味着你永远不会成功。这意味着它将花费更长的时间。它给我们提供了一个学习的经验。可知作者写这篇文章的目的是劝说人们面对挑战或失败时要大胆去对应，保持积极的心态。即作者写这篇文章的目的是说服别人。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Old wives tales are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For exa
28、mple, most of us remember our parents telling us to eat more of certain foods of not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time. Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because t
29、hey are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic(蒜）is good for you ,too. It can kill the type of virus that causes c
30、olds. Unfortunately, not all of Moms advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky swee
31、ts made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales. After much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of ye
32、ars of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A.Eating garlic is good for our eyes.B.Carrots prevent people from catching colds.C.Swim
33、ming after a meal is dangerous.D.Sticky sweets tend to damage our teeth.（2）According to the passage, what does the underlined phrase hold water mean? A.To be believable.B.To be valuable.C.To be admirable.D.To be suitable.（3）Why do we need to respect the body of knowledge in the old wives tales? A.Be
34、cause it is told by our ancestors.B.Because it is scientifically supported.C.Because it is based on many years experience.D.Because it is related to family health care.（4）What is the authors attitude toward old wives tales in the text? A.SubjectiveB.ObjectiveC.DissatisfiedD.Curious【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（
35、4）B 【解析】【分析】中国有句俗话：不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。本文客观评价了保持身体健康的 老人言的正确性。 （1）细节理解题。由第三自然段的最后一句 Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars. 用谷物制成的粘性糖果比用单糖制成的糖果容易引起更多的问题。故选D。 （2）词义猜测题。文章中本句意思是：即使科学能告诉我们那些 老人言是（能容水的）值得相信的，但 老人言中还有很多正确的东西，hold water在此处意思是：能装水的；值得相信的，站得住脚
36、的。故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据最后一段 there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales. After much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累)from thousands of years of experience in family health care. 老人言仍然有许多真理，这些知识是从几千年的家庭保健经验中积累起来的。它是基于多年的经验。故选C。 （4）推理判断题。根据文章第三、四自然段可知作者分析了他的可信性和不可信性，作者对于 老人言持客观态度，故选B。 【点
37、评】考查阅读理解。通读全文，把握文意；熟读第一段，了解主题句；分清段落结构，把握各段段意；了解题干，在原文依次找依据。4阅读理解 Do you often feel that you arent taking in as much of the joy around you as you could? I recently caught myself feeling this way, and based on a suggestion by John Horton, coauthor (合著者) of The Inner Game of Stress, I put myself on a 3
38、0-day life-appreciation course. The only assignment each day was to go outside and appreciate life. So I started by taking in the beauty around me. During the first few days, I was able to appreciate my surroundings, although it was an intellectual appreciation, not an emotional one. After the first
39、 week, it was more uncomfortable to lie in bed and think about things than it was to get up and see them for myself. If you often wake up feeling anxious or depressed, or if you dont look forward to each day, then you need to try this course for yourself. Its an inner workout that you can do anywher
40、e. It may not change your life, but it will adjust your attitude, and thats pretty helpful in this crazy world. I have always believed in ending the day on a positive note by writing a word or two in a gratitude journal and saying something sweet to my wife about the day we shared. Now, I have a new
41、 morning habit. It hasnt changed my routine one bit, but it has changed the way I look at the world. Creating a new habit isnt about perfection its about getting what you want by creating a change in your behavior and thinking. So now, while Im making my coffee in the morning, Im also appreciating w
42、hat I have. Its quick, fulfilling, and a much better way to start my day than looking at my phone or computer. And because of this, my attitude is better, as Ive already begun my morning on a positive note rather than a problematic one. The idea here is that if you can appreciate your life, it actua
43、lly changes the way you feel about it. Appreciation will give you more energy to live the way you would like to live. As a means of improving our mood, its highly underrated (被低估的). The easy task of appreciating what we have simply makes life better.（1）How did the author feel about seeing things for
44、 himself after he started the life-appreciation course? A.Comfortable.B.Doubtful.C.Anxious.D.Depressed.（2）What does the author think of his new morning habit? A.It has changed his daily routine.B.It has increased his desire for perfection.C.It has improved his physical health.D.It has changed his wa
45、y of viewing the world.（3）Which of the following might the author disagree to? A.Enjoying the beautiful surroundings of your neighborhood.B.Appreciating a cup of coffee in the morning.C.Amusing yourself with your phone to start your day.D.Seeing things from a different angle.（4）Whats the authors main purpose in writing this article? A.To recommend a life-appreciation course to readers.B.To explain why appreciation is often underrated.C.To encour
