1、【英语】英语阅读理解(教育文化)练习题含答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1阅读理解 The US Department of Labour statistics (统计) show that there is an oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there have been more than enough teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts, and other special
2、ists. Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained people to compete for jobs that arent there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree. On the other h
3、and, there is a great need for skilled workers of all sorts: carpenters, electricians, mechanics, plumbers, and TV repairmen. These people have more work than they can deal with, and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates. The old gap that white-collar workers make a b
4、etter living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favours the skilled workmen. The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that college degree is a passport to a prosperous future. A large part of American society matches success in life equally w
5、ith a college degree. Parents begin indoctrinating(灌输) their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. Under this pressure the kids fall into line. Wheth
6、er they want to go to college or not doesnt matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go. And every year college enrollments (入学) go up and up, and more and more graduates are overeducated for the kinds of jobs available to them. One result of this emphasis on a college educatio
7、n is that many people go to college who do not belong there. Of the sixty per cent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up. （1）Its implied but not
8、stated in the passage that . A.many other countries are facing the same problemB.white-collar workers in the US used to make more money than blue-collar workersC.fewer students will prefer to go to college in the futureD.the law of supply and demand has a strong effect on American higher education（2
9、）Which of the following is NOT a reason why college enrollments go up every year? A.Many people believe that the only way to success is a college education.B.Many parents want their children to go to college.C.High school teachers urge their students to go to college.D.Every young man and woman want
10、s to go to college.（3）By saying many people go to college who do not belong there, the author means that . A.many people who are not fit for college education go to collegeB.many people who do not have enough money go to collegeC.many people who go to college drop out within the first yearD.many peo
11、ple who go to college have their hopes destroyed（4）We can infer from the passage that the author believes that . A.every young man and woman should go to collegeB.college education is a bad thingC.people with a college education should receive higher payD.fewer people should go to college while more
12、 should be trained for skilled jobs【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过调查告诉人们要改变传统的观念:应首先考虑选择技术性的工作因为它缺乏人才,待遇更高。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The old gap that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favours the skilled workm
13、en.” 可推知白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚的钱多,故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Parents begin indoctrinating (灌输) their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. Whether they want to g
14、o to college or not doesnt matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go.”可知A,B,C三项正确,而D项不是大学入学人数增加的原因,故选D。 （3）考查句义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Of the sixty per cent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first y
15、ear. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.”可知作者列举了三种情况,说明有些人不适合大学教育,故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知,作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育的人才过多,而技术工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的原因;最后还谈到了很多学生上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业。所有这些都在暗示人们,上大学的人应该减少,而参加技术工作的人应该增多，故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和句义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解
16、Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to build a bridge with things you know about, and then bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics. Recently I had a chance to ask Greene ab
17、out wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million-dollar question: What if I went through a worm-hole and prevented my parents from meeting? Most of
18、 us believe that the universe makes sense, Greene said. Although there are several interesting theories about time travel, he added, the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论) is open for future physicists to solve
19、. When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but arent yet ready, perhaps, to learn maths. When I pointed out that some students stil
20、l might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. The basic stuff is important, Greene said. But I think its really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang. If kids have those ideas in mind, then a
21、t least some of them will be excited to learn all the details. Greene has followed Albert Einsteins lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is not just a matter of solving problems in an exam. Its about experimenting, showing a
22、n interest in strange phenomena (现象)and having fun!（1）A million-dollar question is probably very . A.directB.difficultC.personalD.long（2）The books by Weinberg and Susskind . A.are boring to readB.are mainly about mathsC.are popular science booksD.are only popular among kids（3）According to Paragraph
23、4,which of the following does Greene agree with? A.Modern physics is a boring subject.B.Interest plays an important role in studying.C.It is not necessary to learn all about physics.D.It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.（4）In the last paragraph, Greene hopes that . A.kids can love sc
24、ience and physicsB.kids can do well in physics examsC.kids can have fun with experimentsD.kids can find more strange things in life【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，物理和数学教授Brian Greene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知,作者提出的这个问题非常难。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“books b
25、ymake it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but arent yet ready, perhaps, to learn maths.”可知,Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂,适合普通大众阅读,故这些书属于受欢迎的科普读物。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段可知,当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时,Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象,如果孩子们知道了这些,他们中的一些就愿意了解所有详细的内容。因此可
26、推知他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Greene has followed Albert Einsteins lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe.Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知,Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣,去探索宇宙的奥秘。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Everywhere we look, we
27、 are surrounded by technology. We heavily rely on technology for our day-to-day lives. There are the social media apps, such as Facebook, Twitter, where we are able to see into the lives of everyone around us. There are other more useful apps like Google Maps where you can use a GPS to get from one
28、place to another. It is no wonder that we are constantly looking down at our phones and other devices. And, that is a problem. Pretty soon, I fear that people will no longer be able to communicate face to face. I personally love being able to sit down and have a conversation with someone sans cell p
29、hones and distractions. It shows that you care about who you are talking to and want to involve and listen to them. The cell phone can wait until later. What I really dislike is that younger and younger children are using technology. Instead of playing outside with friends, they are playing on iPads
30、, iPods, or video games. Instead of having little games or books, children now have electronic devices to use to distract them even if waiting at doctors appointments etc. They want cell phones at young ages. They have texting. I overheard sixth graders one day talking about texting, and I was a lit
31、tle sad. At that age, I had to call my friends on the phone in order to talk to them. We are a society based on technology. And, that isnt a completely bad thing, given its use in areas such as medicine. But we shouldnt be addicted to so many of these devices that we forget to look around and see wh
32、at is happening in the world around us.（1）What can be concluded from the first paragraph? A.Some tech products leave us unable to focus.B.Social media apps make people more visible.C.Many people usually misuse social media apps.D.Technology provides us with a convenient life.（2）Which can best replac
33、e the underlined word sans? A.is need ofB.withoutC.is spite ofD.with（3）Whats the authors attitude towards using technology in medicine? A.Indifferent.B.Opposed.C.Concerned.D.Supportive.（4）What does the author really want to show in the passage? A.We should take a step back from constantly using tech
34、nology.B.The electronic devices are closely connected with our life.C.Society should no longer be based on technology.D.We should say goodbye to electronic devices.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者提出了在日常生活中人们严重地依赖高科技产品的现象，并表达自己的观点：不要沉迷于电子产品。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ we are surrounded by technology
35、. We heavily rely on technology和we are constantly looking down at our phones and other devices”可知，我们对高科技是如此依赖，我们的生活中充满了高科技的产品，以至于我们总是看着手机或者其他的高科技设备，作者觉得这是一个问题。这些电子设备分散了人们的注意力。故选A。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“I personally love being able to sit down and have a conversation with someone”可知，作者个人喜欢能够坐下来和人面对面的交谈；再
36、根据“The cell phone can wait until later”手机稍后再说，可知，交谈时没有手机和其他的干扰。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“that isnt a completely bad thing, given its use in areas such as medicine”考虑到科技在医学等领域的应用，这并不完全是一件坏事，可知，作者对高科技在医学方面的应用持支持的态度。故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。分析文章结构可知，文中第一段引出问题：人们过多地使用电子设备；在第二、三段作者谈及了自己对现状的看法； 第四段作者提出观点“we shouldnt b
37、e addicted to so many of these devices”，作者觉得我们不能如此依赖电子设备。故选A 。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 The next time you attend a social function or go to a place where people meet and interact, take note of the number of people who have adopted the same gestures an
38、d posture-the way you sit or stand-of the person with whom they are talking. This carbon copying is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes. By this method, one is non-verbally (非语言的) saying to the other, As you can see, I think the same as yo
39、u, so I will copy your posture and gesture. This unconscious (无意识地) mimicry is quite interesting to observe. Take, for example, the two men standing at the hotel bar. They have mirrored each others gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same
40、 thoughts and feelings. If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot, the other will follow. If one puts his hand in his pocket the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement. This copying also occurs among good friends or people
41、of the same social position and it is common to see married couples walk, stand, sit and move in very similar ways. People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual(相互的) positions. The significance of carbon copying can be one of the most important non-verbal lessons we can learn,
42、 for this is one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us. It is also a way for us to tell others that we like them, by simply copying their gestures. If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create a relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the emp
43、loyees posture to achieve the end. Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his bosss gestures in an attempt to show agreement. Using the knowledge, it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. This has the ef
44、fect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind and he can see that you understand his point of view.（1）What is the best title for the passage? A.Carbon Copying-Showing AgreementB.Developing Non-verbal CommunicationC.How to avoid Carbon CopyingD.Proper Social Behavior（2）Wha
45、t is carbon copying according to the passage? A.To adopt identical gesture of others.B.To repeat what others have said.C.To show agreement with others.D.To mock others.（3）In which of the following groups is carbon copying NOT frequently seen? A.Married couplesB.People not familiar with each other.C.
46、Good friends.D.People of the same social position.（4）What should an employer do to created a relaxing atmosphere for an employee? A.Be polite.B.Avoid copying the employees gesture.C.Be helpful.D.Copy the gesture of the employee.【答案】 （1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了carbon copying（复制）现象，是指一个人通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势，来告诉另一个人自己赞同他的想法和态度。同时列举这种现象经常发生的场所，以及如何利用这些知识来让对方处于一种接受和放松的心态，看到你理解他的观点。 （1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“This carbon copying is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes.”这种复制是指一个人告诉另一个人他同意他的想法和态度。以及文章主要围绕ca
