1、英语成人高考复习指导英语成人高考复习指导定语从句：定语从句：是指在复合句中，是指在复合句中，修饰修饰 或或 的从句。的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做词叫做“”。引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“”。名词名词代词代词先行词先行词关系词关系词I have an apple.The apple is red.I have an applethat/which is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple I like some friends.Some friends like sports.I like friends who/that like sp
2、orts.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词事、物：事、物：which/that/whose/as 人：人：who/whom/whose/that/as地点：地点：where时间：时间：when原因：原因：why定语从句定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句指代人指代人 指代事物指代
3、事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who，whom，thatwhich，that，aswhose，of whichwherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词关系词的使用取决于先行词是人还是物，还取决关系词的使用取决于先行词是人还是物，还取决于关系代词在句中作何句子成分。于关系代词在句中作何句子成分。A A、引导定语从句；、引导定语从句；B B、代替先行词；、代替先行词；C C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。、在定语从句中担当一个成分。The man The man whowho is shaking hands with my father is sh
4、aking hands with my father is a is a policeman.policeman.该句中，该句中，who is shaking hands with my father who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，是定语从句，修饰先行词修饰先行词the manthe man，“who”who”是引导定语从句的关系词，是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词代替先行词the manthe man，在定语从句中作主语。，在定语从句中作主语。先行词和关系代词的关系先行词和关系代词的关系1.A plane is a machine th
5、at can fly.2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.the machine=thatthe boy=who关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指the boys=whose关系代词关系代词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.Joi
6、n the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.a machine that/which关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:The lady is Green.We saw her
7、 yesterday.herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that关系代词的实质关系代词的实质关系关系代词代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分人人物物句子句子主语主语宾语宾语状语状语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语表语定语定语as关系代词的用法关系代词的用法何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略The man who helped you is Mr.White.The person(whom)Tom is talking to is my father.He has a friend
8、the father of whom is a doctor.The film which we just talked about is very interesting.Id like a room the window of which looks out over the sea.The film that we just talked about is very interesting.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.Hes such a good student as everyone likes.例句例句that that 与与w
9、hichwhich1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand?先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,nonesomething,much,little,none等不定代词，引等不定代词，引导定语从句用导定语从句用thatthatthatthat1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The fir
10、st museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。that that 与与whichwhichIve read all the books _ you lent me.that先行词被先行词被any,some,no,any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last very,only,last 修饰时修饰时,引导引导定语从句用定语从句用that that
11、。that that 与与whichwhich1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc.先行词中既有人又有事物时，先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that.that.thatthatthat that 与与whichwhich1.Who _ you have ever see
12、n can do it better?WhoWho做先行词时，做先行词时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用thatthatthat 1.that 1.that 与与whichwhich1.Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事物在介词后面，指事物用用whichwhich，指人用，指
13、人用whomwhomthat that 与与whichwhich在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况在介词后面在介词后面1.非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中:Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long March.2.介词放在关系代词之前时介词放在关系代词之前时:This is the man from whom I learnt the news3.句中出现了句中出现了that，或先行词是，或先行词是that时时:I have found that whi
14、ch I was looking for.不用不用thatthat的场合的场合The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin“介词关系代词介词关系代词”的情况的情况1The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?“介词关系代词介词关系代词”的情况的情况2The man who/whom you
15、 spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用于介词之后不能用于介词之后 “介词关系代词介词关系代词”的情况的情况3Is this the watch that you are looking for?Is this the watch for that you are looking?The old man whom I am looking after is better.The old man afte
16、r whom I am looking is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前，如在固定短语中介词不能提前，如look for,look after,take care of 等等下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?“介词关系代词介词关系代词”的情况的情况41.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可有代词或者数词前还可有代词或者数词,如如:some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等等。He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind to him.In the
17、 basket there are quite many apples,some of which havegone bad.Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of which are aboutcountry life.Note：2.在从句中用做介词宾语时，介词在关系代词前时在从句中用做介词宾语时，介词在关系代词前时用用whom，介词在句末时用，介词在句末时用who、whom或或that.He is not the scientist to whom I referred.He is not the scientist who/whom/t
18、hat I referred to.3.在从句中用做介词宾语时，介词在关系代在从句中用做介词宾语时，介词在关系代词前时用词前时用which，介词在句末时用，介词在句末时用which或或that.I have problems of my own of which you know nothing.I have problems of my own which/that you know nothing of.Note：1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the book_ which you asked注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前 forT
19、he old man whom I am looking after is better.如何判断介词如何判断介词2）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.Who is the girl whom you just shook hands.with如何判断介词如何判断介词with注意：介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配。3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配This is
20、our classroom ,_ which there is a teachers desk.He built a telescope which he could study the skies.The train which I went to Beijing is an express.in the front of如何判断介词如何判断介词throughon难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student who
21、se English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the hous
22、es windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句表示所属关系表示所属关系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.whoseWhose 的使用的使用There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.lA.whose backgrounds lB.The backgrou
23、nds of whomlC.of whom the backgrounds lD.the backgrounds of whoseWhose 的使用的使用The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas引导定语从句时可放句首、句中和句末。具有正如之意，引导定语从句时可放句首、句中和句末。具有正如之意，与之搭配
24、的动词一般是固定的，如：与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expectedas 的使用的使用The earth is round,_ we all know._ is known to all,the earth is roundas As定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as as,as 具有具有“正如正如”之意，与之搭配之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的。的动词一般是固定的。as 的使用的使用lThis is the same book as I lost.lThis is the same
25、book that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as/thatThis is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。本书。定语从句定语从句as/thatThis is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we
26、 all like it.thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。结果状语从句结果状语从句as/thatas/which1.He married her,was natural.2.He is honest,we can see.as/whichas/whichas as 和和whichwhich都可以在定语从句中做主都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。1.It is very useful to master a foreign language,_ has been said before.which 2._ eve
27、ryone hoped,Mary has won the first prize.Asas as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，句末，而而which 引导定语从句不能引导定语从句不能放在句首，只可放在主句之后放在句首，只可放在主句之后.as译译为正如，好像，为正如，好像，which which 则没有此义。则没有此义。as/whichas/which1.Tom was late for school again and again,made his teacher very angry.2.These tables are made of metal,made
28、 them very heavy.whichwhich注意：当主句和从句之间存注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用关系词往往只用whichwhich。as/which1.Ive never heard such stories he tells.2.He is not such a fool he looks.3.This is the same dictionary I lost last week.asas当先行词受当先行词受such,the same such,the same 修修饰时，关系词常用饰时，关系词常用as as。as关系代词
29、的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.The eggs(that/which)I bought them yes
30、terday were not fresh.The friend who/that he came to supper last night was not hungry.He prefers the cheese that/which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles(which/that)you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that/who they smoke a lot.1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.
31、This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ i
32、s nearest to the earth.关系关系代词代词用法练习用法练习that,which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat关系代词用法练习关系代词用法练习that,which,whose,whom or who?9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.12.H
33、e opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose先行词和关系副词的关系先行词和关系副词的关系1.I still remember the day when I came here.2.This is the house where I lived last year.3.There are many
34、reasons why people like traveling.4.I dont like the way that you speak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词Join the following sentences:I went to the town.I was born in the town.Join the following sentences:I went to the town.I was born in the
35、 town.I went to I was born.关系副词的实质关系副词的实质in the townthe townJoin the following sentences:I went to the town.I was born in the town.I went to I was born.the townwhere/in which关系副词的实质关系副词的实质Join the following sentences:.It is on Sunday.We met at school on Sunday on Sundayon SundayIt is we met at schoo
36、l.when/on which关系副词的实质关系副词的实质关系副词关系副词指代指代所充当的句子成分所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语关系副词的用法关系副词的用法=介词介词+which=介词介词+which=for+which关系副词关系副词=介词介词+关系代词关系代词关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。From the years when/in which he was going to primary sc
37、hool in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.例句例句The day when/on which he was born was 2nd March.=The day which/that he was born on was 2nd M
38、arch.The house where/in which they live is not very large.=The house which/that they live in is not very large.This is the reason why/for which he did not came to the meeting.Note:Note:1.只有当只有当“介词介词+which”在定语从句中用作状语、且先行词分别为表示在定语从句中用作状语、且先行词分别为表示地点、时间的名词以及名词地点、时间的名词以及名词reason时，时，才可分别用关系副词才可分别用关系副词whe
39、re,when,why取代，取代，否则不可。否则不可。I have never been to the town where/in which I was born.I have never been to the town about which(不用不用where)you have talked so much.Its a sort of day when/on which youd like to stay outside.Its a sort of day from which(不用不用when)winter days are quite different.There is no g
40、ood reason why/for which she should leave so soon.There is no good reason which(不用不用why)we could agree to.）Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.）Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.）Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.）This is the museum _I visited last year.whenwh
41、ichthatwhichthatwhichthatThis is the reason_(=for which)I didnt come here.The reason _ she gave was not true.whythatwhich/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用中作主语或宾语，用which或或that引导定引导定语从句。语从句。Note:Note:2.用了关系副词用了关系副词where,when,why时，不时，不可再有原来的表示地点、时间或原因意义的可再有原来的表示地点、时间或原因意义的介词。介词。The cit
42、y where he lives(不能加不能加in)is very famous.The day when I was to start a new job(不能加不能加on)is a festival.1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is
43、 the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhichwhy/for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词He is the only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise hash
44、ave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词谓语动词的数取决于先行词定语从句中动词的数定语从句中动词的数 I am not one who _afraid of difficultyDont choose me,who _not fit for this jobisam定语从句中动词的数定语从句中动词的数定语从句中的动词在人称和数方定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。面应该与它的先行词保持一致。This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that h
45、as ever been written C.that has written D.that have writtenShe is not the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to singexercises限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用、限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用、以使其区别于其他同类人或事物的定语从句。以使其区别于其他同类人或事物的定语从句。（如前面所述）（如前面所述）非限制性定语从句：对先
46、行词不起限定修饰非限制性定语从句：对先行词不起限定修饰作用、只是进行补充说明、去掉后也无损先作用、只是进行补充说明、去掉后也无损先行词意思完整的定语从句。（多用于书面语）行词意思完整的定语从句。（多用于书面语）限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The old lady who lives next to us sells books.You should do all that I said.I have found the teacher whom I am looking for.I visited the factory where my father works.关系代词关系代词
47、 关系副词关系副词先行词先行词 之后之后,用陈述式语序用陈述式语序“.的的”关系词关系词 1.从句位置及语序从句位置及语序:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成构成非限制性定语从句的构成非限制性定语从句的构成The town where I live is beautiful.Ken li,where I live,is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr.Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从
48、句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的试对比试对比:类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。起限定作用。若省略，原若省略，原句意义不完句意义不完整。整。起补充说明作起补充说明作用。若省略，用。若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响。影响。修饰先修饰先行词行词修饰先修饰先行词行词/整整个句子个句子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗号有逗号与主句与主句隔开隔开1.有有that 1.无无that 限制性定语从句与非限制性限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别定语从句
49、的区别Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和
50、单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.which当关系代词指代整当关系代词指代整个主句内容时。个主句内容时。He was
