1、Part of Injury吴红兵吴红兵FallAutomobile accidentBlows from foreign bodies strkingOthers l危险的颅内出血。l意识消失或神智模糊，呼吸困难，呕吐，抽搐，手脚麻痹，口或鼻腔流血或透明的液体，剧烈头痛持续不止等等。l原则：先处理颅脑症状，稳定全身生命体征，后治疗颌面部损伤。The prescription of appropriate film can be made only after a careful clinical examination Radiology aids in identifying the lo
2、cation and orientation of fractures and indicates the degree of separation or displacement of fracture margins.Radiographs are very useful after an injury Waters position（华氏位、鼻颏位）（华氏位、鼻颏位）Panoramic 曲面断层片（全景）曲面断层片（全景）Cephalometric(X线头影测量片线头影测量片)or lateral film(侧位片）侧位片）Occlusal film咬合片咬合片 Submentovert
3、ex（颅底位、颏顶位、颧弓位）（颅底位、颏顶位、颧弓位）Zygomatic bone-PA（颧骨后前位、顶颏位）颧骨后前位、顶颏位）Postanterior position（下颌骨后前位）（下颌骨后前位）Obligue lateral projection（下颌骨斜侧位）（下颌骨斜侧位）Schullars position（薛氏位、颞下颌关节片）（薛氏位、颞下颌关节片）CT and MRI1.position and number2.types3.displacement4.relation between the fracture line and teeth5.differentiate
4、 from nutrition canal and normal sutures6.concrescence of fracturesFracture Types of maxillar bone Lefort Lefort Lefort(horizontal fracture)（眶（眶-上颌上颌-颧骨颧骨OMZ、复合骨折）、复合骨折）“M”type of submentovertex1、双侧眼眶及上颌窦大小不一，窦腔积液昏暗、双侧眼眶及上颌窦大小不一，窦腔积液昏暗2、骨折线多样，骨折块移位，左右眶下缘不在、骨折线多样，骨折块移位，左右眶下缘不在 、同一水平、同一水平3、牙弓不对称、牙弓不对称
5、4、颌间间隙形态不对称、颌间间隙形态不对称5、张口受限是否由于喙突受压？、张口受限是否由于喙突受压？6、骨折是否波及颅及颅底？、骨折是否波及颅及颅底？The most ommon fracture sites mental body angle condyle and its neckPlease look at book P158P161Y字型字型3D dimension reconstructionlOriented from tumors,Osteomyelitis,tooth extraction,operation etc.lX-ray appearanceltime横向位片轴向位片定位针l骨折后1-2月照片发现原来的骨折线更加变宽，为什么？l上颌骨骨折引起张口受限在上颌骨骨折引起张口受限在X X线片上主要可观察到线片上主要可观察到什么征象什么征象？l成人和儿童髁突骨折有哪些不同？l髁突骨折有哪些种类？髁突骨折有哪些种类？l全景片上的髁突骨折和后前位有哪些不同？l什么情况下容易引起误诊？什么情况下容易引起误诊？
