1、All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#3GPP Long Term EvolutionIntroductionAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#2|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009Agenda1.LTE&3GPP Standard2.LTE Network System3.LTE Key Technologies4.LTE TDD CharacteristicsAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#3|3GPP LTE
2、 Technology-Overview|Dec 20091.LTE&3GPP StandardAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#4|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009Cellular Wireless System Evolution1G(Early 1980s)Analog speech communications.Analog FDMA.Ex:AMPS2G(Early 1990s)Digital modulation of speech communications.Advanced securit
3、y and roaming.TDMA and narrowband CDMA.Ex:GSM,IS-95(cdmaOne),and PDC3G(Late 1990s)Global harmonization and roaming.Wideband CDMAEx:UMTS,cdma2000,and TD-SCDMAAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#5|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009About 3GPP LTESince November 2004,3GPP has been working on the
4、Long Term Evolution(LTE)for enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS),and focus on adopting 4G technology.第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，即3GPP)是一个成立于1998年12月的标准化机构。目前其成员包括欧洲的ETSI、日本 的ARIB和TTC、中国的CCSA、韩国的TTA和北美的ATIS。3GPP2(第三代合作伙伴计划2):该组织是于1999年1月成立，由北美TIA、日本的A
5、RIB、日本的TTC、韩国的TTA四个标准化组织发起，主要是制订以ANSI-41核心网为基 础，CDMA2000为 无线接口的第三代技术规范。Specs(Rel-8)were finalized and approved in January 2008.LTE-Advanced study phase in progress.Target on deployment in 2010.By 2015,subscriptions could exceed 400 million,and revenues from LTE could represent more than 15%of all mo
6、bile revenues.All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#6|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009LTE Milestone in 3GPP Standard Evolution3GPP ReleaseRel99Rel4Rel5Rel6Rel7Rel8UMTS FDDDCH up to 2MbpsCore Netw.EvolutionFDD repeaters1.28Mcps TDDHSDPAMultimedia sub-systemHSUPAMBMSHSPA+i.e.MIMO,CPC,DL 64-QAM
7、,UL 16-QAMLTERel9/10All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#7|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 20093G Standard Evolution2001-2005 2006-2007 WCDMA无线移动技术标准演进路线无线移动技术标准演进路线 CDMA2000无线移动技术标准演进路线无线移动技术标准演进路线 HSDPA(P1)1.8M/3.6MbpsHSDPA(P2)7.2/14.4Mb/sHSUPA6-8MbpsWCDMA R99/R4 384kb/sHSPA+LTEHSDPA 单载波2.8Mb
8、psMC-HSDPA 8.4Mb/s HSUPAR4 384kb/sHSPA+TDD LTETD-SCDMA无线移动技术标准演进路无线移动技术标准演进路线线 DL:100MbpsUL:50Mbps DL:100MbpsUL:50Mbps10Mbps DL:40MbpsUL10Mbps802.16a,c,d802.16e4-70Mbps802.16m1GbpsWiMAX宽带无线演进路线宽带无线演进路线 2008-2010 1xEV-DO Rev.0DL:2.4MbpsUL:153.6kbps1xEV-D0 Rev.ADL:3.1MbpsUL:1.8MbpsDO Rev.B（多载波 DO）DL：4
9、6.5MbpsUL:27MbpsUMB(DO Rev.C)1xEV-D0 Rev.ADL:3.1MbpsUL:1.8MbpsLBC DL:100Mbps-1GbpsUL:50-100MbpsIMT-AdvancedIMT-Advanced市场或工业界接受进一步增强进一步增强All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#8|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 20093GPP Requirements For LTESpectrum efficiency DL:3-4 times HSDPA for MIMO(2,2)UL:2-3
10、 times E-DCH for MIMO(1,2)Frequency Spectrum:Scalable bandwidth:1.4,3,5,10,15,20MHz To cover all frequencies of IMT-2000:450 MHz to 2.6 GHzPeak data rate(scaling linearly with the spectrum allocation)DL:100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation UL:50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation Capacity 200 users
11、for 5MHz,400 users in larger spectrum allocations(active state)Latency C-plane:100ms to establish U-plane U-plane:10ms from UE to server Coverage Performance targets up to 5km,slight degradation up to 30kmMobility LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h but connection maintained for speeds up to 35
12、0 or 500km/h Handover between 3G&3G LTE Real-time 300ms Non-real-time ASGW&MMERNC control plane functions=MME&eNodeBLess interfaces,some functions will disappear4 layers into 2 layers Evolve GGSN integrated ASGW Moving SGSN functionalities to ASGW.RNC evolutions to RRM DB on a IP distributed network
13、 for enhancing mobility management.Part of RNC mobility function being moved to ASGW&eNodeBGGSNSGSNRNCNodeBASGWeNodeBMMFGGSNSGSNRNCNodeBControl planeUser planeASGWeNodeBMMFAGWeNodeBMMEControl planeUser planeAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#17|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009S1 Architect
14、ureKey points Flex Architecture for both interfaces S1-U and S1-MME MME and SAE GW can be split in two logical nodes or combined in the same AGW2 entities for control plane:eNB&MME(S1-MME interface)eNB:UMTS NodeB plus UMTS RNC(RRC,Radio Bearer Management)MME:UMTS MM and SM functions 2 entities for u
15、ser plane:eNB&SAE GW(S1-U interface)eNB:UMTS NodeB plus UMTS RNC(PDCP/RLC/MAC)SAE GTW:(Serving Gateway)UMTS packet core user planeNo Macro-diversityAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#18|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009Functional Mapping(from TR 25.813)MME FunctionsIdle mode mobility Track
16、ing area update Maintenance of equivalent tracking areas Idle mode access restrictions Security Key management S1 connection establishment Idle to active mode transitionSession management RAB and QoSS1 handling during HOSAE GW radio related functionality Idle S1 GTP bearer end point QoS handling&tun
17、nel mgt S1 path switch during HandoverAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#19|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009Functional Mapping(from TR 25.813)LTE functions in eNode-B Selection of aGW at UE attachment Routing towards aGW at UE initial access NAS messaging encapsulated by RRC for tx over r
18、adio Scheduling and transmission of paging messages Scheduling and transmission of System Information Dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in both UL and DL Configuration and provision of eNB measurements Radio Bearer Control Radio Admission Control Access restrictions in Active state Connection M
19、obility Control in LTE_ACTIVE state Active mode Handover handling RRC,header compression,encryption,RLC,MAC,PHY Security of User plane and RRC Encryption of both in PDCP,integrity check of RRC Scheduling and associated QoS handlingAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#20|3GPP LTE Technology-Overv
20、iew|Dec 2009RRM Functions(1/3)Inter-Cell Interference Coordination(ICIC):Managing the radio resources(notably the radio resource blocks)such that inter-cell interference is kept under controlLoad Balancing(LB):Influence the traffic load distribution in such a manner that radio resources remain highl
21、y utilized and the QoS of in-progress sessions are maintained to the possible extent(may result in handover decisions)Inter-RAT Radio Resource Management:In connection with inter-RAT mobility(taking into account the involved RAT resource situation,UE capabilities&operator policies)All Rights Reserve
22、d Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#21|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009RRM Functions(2/3)Connection Mobility Control(CMC):Management of radio resources in connection with idle or active mode Mobility of radio connections:handover decisions based on UE&e-NodeB measurements+potentially:neighbour cell load,tra
23、ffic distribution,transport&HW resources&operator defined policies Radio Bearer Control(RBC):Establishment,maintenance&release of Radio BearersTaking into account overall resource situation,QoS requirements of in-progress sessions and of the new service)Radio Admission Control(RAC):Admit or reject t
24、he establishment requests for new radio bearers(taking into account overall resource situation,QoS requirements&priority levels)All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#22|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009RRM Functions(3/3)Packet Scheduling(PSC)Allocate/De-allocate resources(including buffer,pro
25、cessing resources&resource blocks)to UP&CP packets including:Selection of RB,whose packets are to be scheduled Managing the necessary resources(e.g.power levels,specific resource blocks)All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#23|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009LTE ARCHITECTURE Control Plane La
26、yout over S1UEeNode-BMMEAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#24|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009LTE ARCHITECTURE Control Plane Layout over S1UEeNode-BMMERRC sub-layer performs:Broadcasting Paging Connection Mgt Radio bearer control Mobility functions UE measurement reporting&controlPDCP sub
27、-layer performs:Integrity protection&cipheringNAS sub-layer performs:Authentication Security control Idle mode mobility handling Idle mode paging originationAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#25|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009LTE ARCHITECTURE User Plane Layout over S1UEeNode-BMMESAE Gate
28、wayAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#26|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009LTE ARCHITECTURE User Plane Layout over S1UEeNode-BMMESAE GatewayRLC sub-layer performs:Transferring upper layer PDUs In-sequence delivery of PDUs No error correction through ARQ Duplicate detection Flow control Conc
29、atenation/re-assembly of packetsPDCP sub-layer performs:Header compression CipheringMAC sub-layer performs:Scheduling Error correction through HARQ Priority handling across UEs&logical channels In-sequence delivery of RLC PDUs Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of RLC radio bearers into/from PhCHs on TrCH
30、sPhysical sub-layer performs:DL:ODFMA,UL:SC-FDMA HARQ UL power control Multi-stream transmission&reception(i.e.MIMO)All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#27|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009From UE Power-up to Active ConnectionAcquisitionPower-upIdleAccessRegistrationTrafficLTE NetworkFrequen
31、cy/Timing acquisitionp-SCH,s-SCH&Reference SignalCell Id determinationCell search procedureSIB messageCCPCH/PDSCHMessage from UE(origination,registration,)PRACH/PUSCHRegistration procedurePDSCH/PUSCHDL trafficPDSCHUL trafficPUSCHAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#28|3GPP LTE Technology-Overvie
32、w|Dec 20093.LTE Key TechnologiesAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#29|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009Innovative Technologies Emerging in Standards1st Commercial launches20082007Beyond20062009 3G LTEAll-IPOFDMMIMOAASWiMAX 802.16mAll-IP OFDMMIMOWiMAX 802.16e-2005All-IPOFDMMIMOAASAASCDMA200
33、0 EV-DO Rev.AIP transport EV-DO Rev.CAll-IPOFDMMIMOAASHSDPA/HSUPA IP TransportHSPA+MIMOAll-IPOFDM,All-IP,MIMO&AAS are the key cornerstones of new&future wireless standardsAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#30|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009Key LTE Features to Overcome ChallengesOFDMA Inc
34、reased spectral efficiency Simplified Rx design Cheaper UE Scalable-Go beyond 5MHz limitationMIMO:antenna technology Multiple-input,multiple-output Overcome multi-path interference Peak rate breakthroughIP Core:flat,scalable Low latency:10 ms(60 ms for HSPA)Short TTI:1 ms(2ms for HSPA)Backhaul based
35、 on IP/MPLS transport Fits with IMS,VoIP,SIPMobileLocalFixedUMTS/HSDPACDMA/EVDOWiMAX 16e802.11,MeshWiMAX 16dDSL/CablePSTNInternetCorporatePOTSIPEthernetOFDMMIMOMobilityAccessIMSVoIPSIPCore051015202530354002468101214161820SNR dBThroughput Mbit/sLTE-OFDMA,5MHz,SCME,urban macro,dtx=10,drx=0.5,30km/h,16
36、-QAM,real CE(lin.interp.)MIMO(SCW),R=1/3MIMO(MCW),R=1/3SISO,R=1/3MIMO(SCW),R=2/3MIMO(MCW),R=2/3SISO,R=2/3SISO,10Mbps/5MHzMIMO 2x2,20Mbps/5MHz16QAMAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#31|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009OFDM技术All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#32|3GPP LTE Technology-Ove
37、rview|Dec 2009Why OFDMA?Suitable for MIMO implementation Ease Time&Frequency scheduling Less receiver complexity Robust to frequency-selective fading Robust to Inter-Symbol Interference(i.e.ISI)High data ratestMobile environmentt+ISItMulti-pathHigh delay spreadShort symbol durationHigh-order modulat
38、ions Low inter-symbol distanceAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#33|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009OFDM与OFDMAAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#34|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009FrequencyOFDMA PrincipleSub-carrier spacing=fPowerTimeN-OFDM Symbol durationBandwidthUser#1User#2U
39、ser#3User#4All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#35|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009峰均比PARAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#36|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009LTE Access Technologies OFDMeNode-BLTE UEOFDMAOFDMASC-FDMASC-FDMAFDDUL BdwDL BdwFrequence duplexTDDTime duplexTimeDL slot
40、UL slotFrame采用SC-FDMA的主要原因是为了降低峰均比 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#37|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009SC-FDMA（单载波频分多址）Transmitter/receiverAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#38|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009OFDM Advantages&DrawbacksAdvantages Can easily adapt to severe chan
41、nel conditions without complex equalization Robust against narrow-band co-channel interference Robust against Intersymbol interference(ISI)and fading High spectral efficiency Efficient implementation using FFT Low sensitivity to time synchronization errors Tuned sub-channel receiver filters are not
42、required(unlike traditional FDM)Facilitates Single Frequency NetworksDrawbacks Sensitive to Doppler shift and to frequency synchronization problems High Peak-to-Average Power RatioAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#39|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009MIMO PrincipleTransmission Of several i
43、ndependent data streams in parallel Over uncorrelated antennas(i.e.separated by 10)Reception Over NTx x NRx(ideally)uncorrelated paths Theoretical maximum rate increase factor=Min(NTx,NRx)In a rich scattering environment;no gain in LOS environment Practical gain in urban areas=1.2 to 1.5 for 2x2 MIM
44、O Boosting capacity(DL and UL)and peak burst rate(DL),Sensitive to SINRAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#40|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009CombiningRx packetsHybrid-ARQ(Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request)Packet transmissionH-ARQ ACKH-ARQ Re-TxH-ARQ NACKRLC ACKServingRNCNode-BUEPacket trans
45、missionRLC Re-TransmissionRLC NACKRLC ACKServingRNCNode-BUER99 on a DCH channelThe erroneous block is deleted!R5 on theHS-DSCH channelThe erroneous block is stored for recombinationCombiningRx packetsPacket transmissionH-ARQ ACKH-ARQ Re-TxH-ARQ NACKeNode-BUELTE H-ARQThe RTT is shorter due to eNode-B
46、 concentrationAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#41|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009Protocol ArchitectureAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#42|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009协议流程All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#43|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009RRC功能All Rights Re
47、served Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#44|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009LTE RRC StatesRRC_Idle(Idle state)RRC_CONNECTED(active state)RRC_NULL(detached state)Active connection(i.e.traffic)InactivityDe-registration/PLMN changeRegistrationPeriodic TA Update time-outTraffic/HO Cell re-selection Paging TA up
48、dateNo MM context of UE in eNB/Core networkAll Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#45|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009物理信道All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#46|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009E-UTRA信道变化All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#47|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009
49、传输信道1.Transport channels In order to reduce complexity of the LTE protocol architecture,the number of transport channels has been reduced.mainly due to the focus on shared channel operation,i.e.no dedicated channels are used any more.2.Downlink transport channels are Broadcast Channel(BCH)Downlink S
50、hared Channel(DL-SCH)Paging Channel(PCH)Multicast Channel(MCH)3.Uplink transport channels are:Uplink Shared Channel(UL-SCH)Random Access Channel(RACH)All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#48|3GPP LTE Technology-Overview|Dec 2009逻辑信道All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006,#49|3GPP LTE Technology-O
