1、语法精讲一、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句(1)一般疑问句有两种，一种是由be动词引导的疑问句，另一种是由助动词或情态动词引导的疑问句，本单元主要讲前一种。动词be的一般疑问句的构成是在肯定句的基础上，将动词be(am, is, are)移至主语之前，这时动词be已在句首，第一字母应变为大写，句末用问号。 肯定句变疑问句的方法可以用口诀“一调二变三问号”来帮助同学们记忆。“一调”是把be提至主语前；“二变”是原主语的大写改小写和人称的改变，1变2、2变1、3自身，即：第一人称变为第二人称，第二人称变为第一人称，第三人称不变；“三问号”是句末用问号，用升调读。对一般疑问句的回答分为肯定和否定回答：作肯定
2、回答先说Yes, 再作简单叙述，作否定回答先说No, 再作简单的补充回答。如：Im Li Ming. 我是李明。Are you Li Ming? 你是李明吗？Yes, I am. 是的，我是。You are twelve. 你12岁。Are you twelve? 你是12岁吗？No, Im not twelve. Im eleven. 不，我不是12岁，我11岁。Its Polly. 它是波利。Is it Polly? 它是波利吗？She is an English teacher. 她是英语老师。 Is she an English teacher? 她是英语老师吗？ Yes, she i
3、s. 是的，她是。 No, she isnt. 不，她不是。(2)特殊疑问句的构成及其回答：特殊疑问句是由疑问词what, where, how, how old来引导的。其结构是疑问词be/助动词/情态动词主语，回答时要根据所问的情况回答，不能用Yes或No。如：Whats this? 这是什么？Its a computer. 这是一台计算机。Whats that? 那是什么？ Its a TV. 那是一台电视。二、 Is this your pencil-box?这是你的铅笔盒吗？ this这个，that那个，these这些，those那些 指示代词this，these，that，thos
4、e在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如： That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。(作主语) How do you like these？你觉得这些什么样？（作宾语） These trousers are Jims. 这些裤子是吉姆的。（作定语） this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil. 这是钢笔，那是铅笔。 We got up very early that day. 那天我们起床很早。 有时that
5、和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则下面将要讲到的事物。例如： I had a cold . Thats why I didnt come. 我感冒了，所以没有来。三、 人称代词和物主代词 人称代词是我们经常用作主语的代词。（即：I, we, you, he, she, it, they）。表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。人称代词分为主格和宾格。主格作主语，宾格作宾语。物主代词分为形容词性和名词性。形容词性物主代词就是在句中能作定语，修饰一个名词的代词，使用时一般放在被修饰名词的前面。 人称代词和物主代词表 人称代词主格： I you he she it we you the
6、y 人称代词宾格： me you him her it us you them 形容词性物主代词： my your his her its our your their 例如： my bike 我的自行车 my good friend 我的好朋友 our school bags 我们的书包 your old Chinese teacher 你（你们）以前的语文老师 his / her / its name 他/她/它的名字 his / her two English books 他/她的两本英语书 their nice pictures 他们的漂亮的画I、词汇 A) 用正确的物主代词填空 11
7、. I am is class 2. Look , this is _class. 12. Wang Hong , this is _bag. Here you are. 13. The boy is my friend ._name is Tom. 14. This is a bird . _ name is Polly. 15. The girl is Lucy .Put _ bag on the desk. B) 用am、is、are填空 16. Excuse me ! _ this your eraser ? 17. What _those? _they birds? 18. This
8、 _ his ruler .Where _ my ruler? 19. I _ in Class Three. _you in Class Three , too? 20. _ these her English books? 21. Those _ their apples. Where _ his apples? 22. She _ eleven .How old _ that boy? 23. He _ my friend . _ your friend a boy or a girl? 24. _ those maps ? No , they _ not .They _ picture
9、s. 25. These _ your bananas . Here you _ .代词的用法代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。【考点 】1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法； 3. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；人称代词的用法1、 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。一般在句首，动词前。例如：John waited a while but at last he went home.约翰
10、等了一会儿，最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中。在电话用语中常用主格。例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。I wish to speak to Mary. This is she.我想和玛丽通话，我就是玛丽。2、 人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语，在动词或介词后。例如：Do you know
11、 him？(作宾语) 你认识他吗？ Who is knocking at the door？Its me. (作表语) 是谁在敲门？是我。说明：单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它代表主语时也是如此。例如： I like English. Me too. 我喜欢英语。我也喜欢。3、 人称代词并列时的排列顺序1） 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称第三人称第一人称即you and I he/she/it and I you, he/she/it and I顺口溜：第一人称最谦虚，但若错误责任担，第一人称学当先。例如：It was I and John that made her ang
12、ry.2） 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称第二人称第三人称即we and you you and they we, you and they物主代词的用法1、 物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据其句法作用，物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词，不可单独使用(如：This is my book. 这是我的书)名词性物主代词可以独立使用，无需后接名词(如：This book is mine. 这本书是我的)。2、 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her p
13、encil-box. My name is Jim. 形容词性物主代词 Excuse me, is this your car? His parents are in England. They wash their faces every day. May I use your pen? Yours works better. I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 名词性物主代词 The life I have is yours.巩固训练1.用所给代词的正确形式填空。1. These are _ ( he ) brothers.2.
14、That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name?8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teach
15、er.2. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词1.Thisisnt_knife._isgreen. ( she )2.Theseareyourbooks，Kate.Put_inthedesk，please. (they )3._mustlookafter_things. ( you )4.WeiFang，isthat_ruler?Yes，its.( you )5.Theywantafootball.Give_thegreenone，please. ( they)6.ItsLinTaosbag.Giveitto_. ( he )7.Isthispencil-boxLiLeis?No，_isveryne
16、w. ( he )8.Thisboxistooheavy.Icantcarry_.( it )Dontworry，Let_( I )help_. ( you)9._isaboy_nameisMike.Mikesfriendslike_verymuch. ( he ) 10.Mysisterisin_room._isateacher. ( she )11.Janeisalittlegirl._motherisanurse. ( she )12.Wearein_classroom._classroomisbig. ( we)13.Myfatherandmotherareteachers._areb
17、usy ( them)3.补全对话A: Whose bike is it ? Is it_(your/yours)? B: No, its not_.(my/mine) _is red. But this bike is blue . A: Is it Janes ? B: Sorry, I dont know. Maybe its_(her/hers). A: Jane, is this_ bike ?(your/yours) B: No, its not_.(my/mine) You can ask Bill(男人名). Maybe its_.(him/his) A: Bill, is t
18、his bike_ ? B: Oh, yes, its_ bike. Thank you very much!三. 指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲
19、到的事物，例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is tha
20、t Jack speaking?巩固训练（一）改错1 This is his cousins . _2.-Are those your erasers? -Yes, those are _3.Is these your photos ? _ (二)按要求完成句子，一空一词。1.This is my book(改为复数句)_ _ _ _.2.Are these your brothers ?（作否定回答）_ , _ _.3.Those are her friends （改为单数句)_ _ _ _.4. This is my father and this is my mother.（同义句） _ _ my _.5.Is this your brother?(否定回答) No, _ _.
