1、国家留学基金委2011年1月6日Section 1 略Section 2 Part AW: Good afternoon, sir. I wonder if youd have the time to answer a few questions. M: Aha.W: Could you give me your name, please? M: Well, can you explain what this is for, please?W: Ah, yes. I am sorry, I am working for a market research agency. And at the
2、moment, were conducting a survey of the kind of people who shop in this particular area. M: En, yes.W: So your name is, you said? M: My name is Paul Procter. W: Paul. How do you spell your surname, please?M: P-R-O-C-T-E-R.W: I see, Procter. And your age, please.M: I am 29. W: 29, right. And employme
3、nt?M: I work for a banking company, Merchant Bankers.W: Oh, Ive heard of it. Is it the Merchant Bankers next to the city library?M: Yes.W: Does your job involve quite a lot of travel then?M: Well, Im in the International Section. That means I have to visit the banks subsidiaries in Europe and Asia.W
4、: Ah, you visit foreign branches of your bank.M: Yes, from time to time. W: So youre a frequent traveler?M: Oh, yes. Yes, you could say that.I spend nearly 2 months of the year out of the country. W: And do you have a family? It must be quite hard for them.M: Oh, no, no. Im single. I think its proba
5、bly more of a single mans job, really. W: Right, good. And how do you like to spend your time when you have spare time?M: Well, sports. I like water skiing. Ive just bought a small book and I am learning to sail. Its fascinating. W: Im sure it is, sir. And how often do you come to the supermarket?M:
6、 Oh, this is the first time Ive ever been here. W: Oh, I see. Well, that is it. Thank you for your time.M: Oh, goodbye.Section 2 Part BBBC World Service. Now the headlines.A new round of talks on climate change sponsored by the United Nations has begun in Mexico. The first such negotiations since th
7、e Copenhagen Climate Summit a year ago. Delegates to the conference hope to make progress on providing hope for poor nations struggling to cope with the impactive(有影响力的，有冲击力的) climate change.A museum director in Turkey has been sentenced to nearly 13 years in prison after being found guilty of steal
8、ing precious artifacts from collections in his care. The director was convicted along with 9 other members of his staff for the thief. A huge financial rescue package for Ireland has been agreed, the deal worth around $113,000,000,000 was finalized at an emergency meeting of EU Finance Ministers in
9、Brussels. The worlds first summit on how to protect the tiger has ended in Russia with donors promising almost $313,000,000 to save the endangered animal. The summit agreed to launch a global recovery program to deal with pouches. 3 teenage boys who were drifting in the Pacific Ocean for more than 7
10、 weeks have been found alive. The boys from the island of Tokolau disappeared in a small boat in early October. They were presumed dead after search planes found no trace of them. Environmental activists in Uganda say that they will take legal action to prevent the construction of the golf course in
11、 the countrys largest and most popular wildlife park. The Mexican government has advised migrants driving home from the United States for the winter holidays to form convoys for their own protection as they pass to Mexico. He said they should also travel only during daylight hours.Section 3W: Good m
12、orning, everyone. Welcome to our regular lecture on job issues. It is a great pleasure for me to welcome Mr. Mike Wood, manager of Human Resource Department of the APP Korea Training Center, who has been kind enough to give up his time to come along and talk to us today.M: Thank you, Helen. May I sa
13、y it is a pleasure to be here? Im Mike Wood from the APP Korea Training Center. Since the 1990s, our center has been a leading provider, a powerful Korea training in China. We train officers for a large joint-venture company in China. Our professional development programs have helped many people and
14、 organizations take their career to the next level. W: And what kind of people do you think are qualified for your center?M: There are 3 main areas we consider when we are selecting people for work within our own organization body, and I think this also goes for other similar organizations. Firstly,
15、 we would like somebody who has work experience associated with the job category training which was subsequently going to get them within our own organization. OK, lets, for instance, say if were going to talk about someone who is going to operate as a geophysicist with a company like our own, we wo
16、uld like somebody whos had practical experience for 5 years in the field of geophysics working in Chinese unsure fields within the PRC and therefore, well be able to relay to the techniques that we will be applying in our own environment. Secondly, certainly their own educational background is of si
17、gnificance. Because in order to speed the progress of training, we would like to feel that they have had the right sort of university background to suit their own job that they are going into. For instance again, if we use the example of the geophysicist is better to have someone who has actually st
18、udied geophysics through the university system, and then subsequently had the practical experience using that information and skill within the work experience which I just mentioned. W: OK, Mr. Wood, you have mentioned 2 qualifications, and then whats the third point?M: The third point is definitely
19、 the linguistic ability. Certainly we have to state that the majority of people whove been put forward by the Chinese corporations have had a distinguished problem in this area. As a result, even in our training programs, we have taken measures and steps to actually improve their English language ab
20、ility. This will facilitate the communication process between the people who provide the training and their students. Now many of the students that we take on with our own organization actually receive their training and learn the problem associated with our industry within China. But also there wil
21、l be others going abroad to receive training. And here, the actual ability to communicate with people of even different nationalities other than English with different dialects again is even more important and significant. Therefore, we would like people to not only have the ability to be able to li
22、sten and understand but also people who have enough confidence with a language to be able to ask questions when they dont understand and relate that to the whole learning process. So those really are the 3 main areas of experience we would certainly look for. And quite frankly, I think that the thir
23、d one, the ability to communicate, is probably the most significant one because it is, otherwise, very, very difficult to start with any real program.W: So Mr. Wood, are there any other suggestions you would like to give to the students here today?M: Well, it seems everyone has a different idea of w
24、hat qualification is all about, whether a person is qualified for a certain position or not depends on not only the 3 points I mentioned above, there are still a number of factors that we need to take into consideration. For example, motivation, commitment, problem solving, self-discipline ability,
25、stress tolerance, etc. Qualification is usually a key issue in getting a position. However, proving that you have the right skills to do the work properly can be one of the most difficult points to bring a cross. If you are interested in the training programs of our center, you can come to my office
26、. I will be available from 9 am to 5 pm on weekdays or you can also log on to the website: .W: OK, thank you for your introduction, Mr. Wood. M: Thank you, bye. Section 4Why do people behave as they do? Among the innumerable things that psychology study are human wants and needs and help people try
27、to satisfy them. To survive, a person must satisfy many needs, such as hunger and thirst. Other needs, such as the need for companionship, the need for self-esteem or the need for safety are not part of the behavior patterns of infants, but develop over the years as a result of experience. Some psyc
28、hologists state that interpretation of the hierarchy of need represents a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom among which are the physiological needs. The physiological needs can be divided into 2 categories, survival needs which must be satisfied, and stimulation needs whose functions a
29、ppear more closely related to the appreciation of life than to the maintenance of life. Survival needs include those produced by hunger, thirst, fatigue, temperature regulation demands and pain avoidance, etc. Relatively few people have suffered acutely from being unable to satisfy these needs, but
30、all of us have experienced these needs in milder form. First of all, hunger. For most people, being hungry means missing lunch and starving before dinner, but hunger is perhaps a major motivation for the behavior of many people. During World War II, a group of Americans volunteered to undergo a star
31、vation diet so that the effects of hunger might be studied. After several weeks of intense dieting, they displayed many types of behavior change. Their dreams, thoughts and conversations continuingly dealt with food. They became irritable and their activity level was reduced. Thus the stronger they
32、need, the more its impact is failed in all aspects of living.Secondly, thirst. Most people have experienced the dry throat and mouth that accompany thirst, but very few have known the anguish of intense thirst. Even without the more extreme experience, you have probably been strongly motivated by th
33、irst on numerous occasions. Thirdly, fatigue. A human organism must have rest and sleep in order to renew its vitality. Occasionally, this need becomes so strong that a person will fall asleep in class, on the job or at the wheel of an automobile. Psychologists no longer believe that sleep is simply
34、 a state of resting; rather it is highly complex and constantly changing. When people are deprived of sleep, they often behave in a radical fashion showing signs of emotional disturbance, having brief attention spans and displaying other kinds of confusion. Fourthly, pain avoidance. People often do
35、not realize the beneficial role that pain plays in preserving life. If you felt no pain, you would not know when a part of your body was diseased or infected. And the disease or infection could spread and cause severe damage before you realize what was happening. Thus, pain avoidance is a survival n
36、eed. The survival needs are the most compelling needs people have. Besides survival needs, stimulation needs are also vitally important for healthy development for human beings. The satisfaction of stimulation needs, including the need for sex, activity, exploration, manipulation and novelty does no
37、t appear necessary for personal survival. Nonetheless, a complete lack of environmental stimulation is very distressing. A lack of adequate stimulation for an extended period may affect brain development as well. The satisfaction of survival and stimulation needs involves more than biological respon
38、ses. Such social factors as rituals, restrictions, traditions, personal taste and laws all play a role and determining how a person wholl go about satisfying physiological needs. People eat certain foods and refuse others because of early learning experiences, not because of their food value. For ex
39、ample, in Japan, raw fish, sashimi is very popular, but oysters are eaten cooked. In the United States, oysters are eaten raw, but fish is almost always cooked. The intensity with which a physiological need is felt may also vary as a result of the social or external situation. In one study, subjects
40、 were made to feel personally rejected in a social relationship. As a result, these subjects reported increased feeling of hunger. Pain is similarly affected by social factors. Reports of pain, especially intense pain are more common among certain ethnic groups than among others. The ability to stand pain is often a sign of pride, particularly in men.
