1、Rule of Thumb&Schindler Benchmark.基本原则和迅达基准Introduction&Guidelines.相关介绍和指引.2Rule of Thumb.基本原则A Methodic of best guess of the Elevator Configuration needed.对电梯配置进行有条理和最有效预估的要素.3Rule of Thumb.基本原则How to Design an Elevator for an Office Building?如何规划办公楼的电梯配置？Defined Building Population?确定大楼人数？Defined
2、HC5 Requirement?确定5分钟运载能力要求？Defined WT Requirement?确定候梯时间要求？Define Number of Elevators 确定电梯数量确定电梯数量 Define Car Speed 确定电梯速度确定电梯速度 Define Car Load 确定电梯载重确定电梯载重.4Rule of Thumb.基本原则Estimate Numbers of Elevators needed.估算电梯数量 250 persons per elevator 每台电梯服务每台电梯服务250人人 4-5 floors per elevator 每台电梯服务每台电梯服
3、务4-5个楼层个楼层 24 floors per elevator group 每个梯组服务每个梯组服务24个楼层个楼层.5Office Building.办公楼Define the Car Speed.确定电梯速度HQ=Travel height(65m example beside)HQ=提升高度（假设左侧例子的提升高度为65米）T=Travel time from main floor to top floor without taking time losses into account caused by acceleration and decelerationT=从基站直驶到最高
4、层站的时间，不考虑加减速等 额外时间Recommended Values for Travel Time行程时间推荐值行程时间推荐值-20 sec for top requirement(example beside)顶级标准为20秒（假设左侧例子如是）-25 sec for medium requirement 中档标准为25秒-32 sec basic requirement 普通标准为32秒VKN=HQ/T=65m/20s=3.25 m/s.6Rule of Thumb.基本原则Summary.综述.7Rule of Thumb.基本原则Relation WT/INT.WT和INT的关系
5、Interpretation of Interval Waiting Time说明：间隔时间说明：间隔时间候梯时间候梯时间 The relation of interval INT and average waiting time WT has been examined for a number of different elevator groups.It has found out that the ratio WT/INT depends very much on the elevator group and on the arrival rate(as percentage of t
6、he maximum handling capacity).经过对比不同梯组的电梯间隔时间和平均候梯时间，我们发现：WT/INT系数很大程度上取决于梯组配置和到达率（与5分钟运载能力最大值相等）For assessing an elevator groups maximum performance,the usual relation of“WT=60%x INT”is not realistic.Better use“WT=80%x INT”or even“WT=INT”.要对电梯梯组的最大性能进行评估，惯常用的“WT=60%xINT”公式并不能反映真实情况，建议使用“WT=80%xINT”
7、或“WT=INT”。.8Rule of Thumb.基本原则How to Define the Car Load GQ?确定电梯载重P=Ar x INTP=Passengers per car (car loaded with 80%)P=每个轿厢的乘客数量（轿厢满载率80%）Ar=Arrival rate=arriving persons per secondAr=到达率=每秒内到达的人数INT=Interval considering waiting time WT=80%of INT =rough estimationINT=间隔时间按WT=80%xINT考虑=粗略估算Arrival R
8、ate Ar(example):到达率到达率Ar（举例说明）：（举例说明）：Population=800,handling capacity=14%,arriving persons=112 persons/5 min人数=800，运载能力=14%，到达人数112人/5分钟Ar=0.3733 persons/sec.Ar=0.37733人人/秒秒Interval INT(example):间隔时间间隔时间INT（举例说明）：（举例说明）：Required waiting time WT=24 sec 候梯时间要求WT=24秒Interval=(WT/80)x100=30 sec间隔时间间隔时间
9、=(WT/80)x100=30秒秒Car Load 电梯载重电梯载重P=Ar x INT=0.3733 persons/sec x 30 sec.P=Ar x INT=0.3733人/秒 x 30秒=11.2 persons considering 80%car load =11.2人，80%轿厢满载率=14.0 persons considering 100%car load =14.0人，100%轿厢满载率GQ 100%=14 persons x 75 kg/person=1050 kg=choose 1250Kg.9Traffic Vision 3.0Overview 概览Given I
10、nput 假设值假设值:Building with a Population of 800 大楼总人数800人Amount of floors above main Floor=16 基站以上楼层数=16Travel Height around 65 m 提升高度大约为65米Required HC 5=14%要求HC5=14%Required average WT around 24 sec 要求平均候梯时间WT约为24秒1.Estimated Number of Elevators 估算电梯数量估算电梯数量Number of Elevators=4(800People/200People p
11、er Elevator)and(Floor amount/4floor serving per Elevator)=Higher value should be considered电梯数量电梯数量=4（800人/每台电梯服务200人），如同时使用另外一个公式（楼层数/每台电梯服务4个楼层）来计算电梯数量，应取两者的最大值。2.Estimated Speed 估算电梯速度估算电梯速度Elevator Speed to reach top/medium level travel time between 20-25 secV=HQ/t=20sec=65/20=3.25 m/s expected
12、speed 3m/s如要满足顶级或中档要求，电梯的行程时间应在20-25秒之间V=HQ/t=20秒=65/20=3.25米/秒，预期电梯速度为3米/秒。3.Estimated Car load 估算电梯载重估算电梯载重INT=(WT/80)x 100=(24/80)x100=30 secAr=(Population/100)*HC5/300=(800/100)*14/300=0.37333 Persons/secP=Ar*INT=0.3733*30=11.2 Persons(80%car load)100%carload would be around 14.0 Persons)estimat
13、ed car load(75 Kg/person)=1050 Kg would fit with a 1250 Kg Car Load DesignP=Ar*INT=0.3733*30=11.2人(轿厢满载率80%)，如按100%轿厢满载率，人数约为14人，按75公斤/人，则电梯载重=1050公斤，向上取整得电梯载重电梯载重1250公斤公斤。.10Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准.11Defined Traffic Situations 确定交通状况确定交通状况Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Traffic Sit
14、uations(Criteria).交通状况（标准）.12Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating(Criteria).星级评定（标准）Defined Criteria 确定标准确定标准.13Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Guidelines.指引Important Note:重点提示：重点提示：As a Schindler guideline always follow the following rules.迅达指引总是遵循以下原则：Look at the lowest rating of al
15、l analyses of a project.Then:查看项目里所有的分析数据，找出最低值，然后：3 stars or more are o.k.and recommended.如果达到三星级三星级或以上，该电梯配置可行并可推荐可推荐。2 stars:Such projects must be examined carefully(including a second opinion e.g.of a superior)and are only accepted for good reasons.You should be aware that such a project is marg
16、inal w.r.t.elevator performance,and we might face critical questions or problems related to high waiting times etc.二星级二星级：这类项目必须仔细核实必须仔细核实（如获取上级意见），如无充分理由将不予采纳。应当谨记这样的电梯配置其效能是相当低的，日后我们很可能会由于候梯时间等问题受到客户的质询。1 star or less:Such projects must be rejected by Schindler.The elevator performance is poor,and
17、 such installations may cause severe problems and damage Schindlers reputation.一星级或以下一星级或以下：迅达必须拒绝必须拒绝承接这类项目。由于电梯的效能极差，在投入使用后会问题不断，直接影响迅达的声誉。.14Overview Report(Example)报告概览（例子）报告概览（例子）Illustration of an analysis with a rating of 2.6 ,下图这个例子，该分析取得的星级是2.6corresponding to the following performance valu
18、es:对应的性能数值为：HC5=10.4%,WT=43.1 s (Project is not recommended!)Defined Reporting Standards 确定报告标准.Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Office Buildings.办公楼的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment*or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow r
19、ecommended performance level;such projects must be examined carefully(including a second opinion e.g.of a superior)and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for standard office buildings.*GoodLevel for mid-to-higher requirements.*Very goodLevel for high requirements(such as internati
20、onal head quarters,premium sites).Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Hotel Buildings.酒店的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment*or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level;such projects must be examined care
21、fully(including a second opinion e.g.of a superior)and are only accepted for good reasons.*SatisfactoryLevel for up to approx.3-star hotels.*GoodLevel for up to approx.4-star hotels.*Very goodLevel for up to approx.5-star hotels.Schindler Traffic Standards.迅达交通流量标准Star Rating for Residential Buildin
22、gs.住宅楼的星级STAR CriteriaInterpretation:STAR WordingComment*or lessUnsatisfactorySuch projects must be rejected by Schindler.*MarginalBelow recommended performance level;such projects must be examined carefully(including a second opinion e.g.of a superior)and are only accepted for good reasons.*Satisfa
23、ctoryLevel for low-price segment.*GoodLevel for mid-price segment.*Very goodLevel for high-price segment.Star Rating.星级评定Explanation.说明Schindler Star Rating Definition.19Star Rating Auto Setting.自动选取星级Explanation on Office Building Up-peak.针对办公楼上行高峰模式的说明WTsecHC5%5202510153035401213141516113*4*5*3*4*
24、5*4.75*4.75*Auto evaluation Points where the System finds the optimum of rating,means where WT and HC5 have the same Star rating in our example 4.75*系统自动选取星级点，在该点WT和HC5的星级值是一样一样的，如本例子为4.75*PerformanceCurve SimulationIf we would choose manually the Values the system takes the lower one from HC5 or WT
25、 in our example on 13%HC5 it would be 3.5*如果我们要进行手动调整，系统会选取HC5或WT对应星级较小的数值，例如本例子HC5为13%时对应的星级是3.5*3.5*.Relation to CIBSE Guide D与CIBSE Guide D的关系.CIBSE Guide D RecommendationsCIBSE Guide D的推荐值的推荐值 Recommendations for office buildings(single and multiple tenancy,standard and prestige),hotels,resident
26、ial buildings,hospitals,schools.各类推荐值包括办公楼（单租户和多租户，普通及高档），酒店，住宅，医院，学校。Recommendations expressed by arrival rate and interval.到达率和间隔时间的推荐值。Note:Traffic situations are not clearly stated.备注：对于交通状况并没有清晰的规定 Details for office,hotels,residential:See next pages.对于办公楼，酒店，住宅的详细介绍：请参阅下页。CIBSE Guide DOverview
27、 概述.CIBSE Guide D Recommendations(from Table 3.1)Assumed Traffic Situation:Up-PeakOffice Buildings 办公楼Comparison 对比 Office Building HC5INT“WT=0.8xINT or=INT”Single tenant(standard)1215%2530 s2030 sSingle tenant(prestige)1317%2025 s1625 sMulti-tenant(standard)1114%2530 s2030 sMulti-tenant(prestige)12
28、15%2025 s1625 s Schindler RatingTraffic Situation:Up-PeakOffice Building HC5 WTAny tenancy(*=satisfactory)1214%2030 sAny tenancy(*=good)1416%1520 s Notes:备注：备注：Schindler recommendations are close to CIBSE Guide D迅达的推荐值与CIBSE Guide D的数值接近 Schindlers differentiation between single or multi tenancy is
29、not related to total HC5%but to inter-floor%at lunch time.迅达标准下的总体HC5值不会受单租户或多租户的影响，但在午餐时段乘客层间走动时会有所不同。.CIBSE Guide D Recommendations(from Table 3.1 and Table 3.11)Assumed Traffic Situation:Two-WayHotels and Residential Buildings 酒店及住宅Comparison 对比Building TypeHC5INT“WT=0.8xINT or=INT”Hotel1015%3050
30、 s2450 sResidential building(Table 3.1)57%4090 s3290 sResidential building(Table 3.11,Normal)68%5060 s4060 s Schindler RatingTraffic Situation:Two-WayBuilding TypeHC5 WTHotel(*to*)1115%2040 sResidential(*to*)68%4080 s Notes:备注：备注：Schindler recommendations are close to CIBSE Guide D迅达的推荐值与CIBSE Guide D的数值接近 Schindler rates the lowest performance segments in CIBSE(10%HC5 for hotel,5%HC5 for residential buildings)as marginal“*”.对于CIBSE里面规定的最小值（酒店10%，住宅5%），迅达标记为二星”*“。Thank you for your attention.谢谢观赏。
