1、个人收集整理 仅供参考学习Directions: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a le
2、tter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteriaFOR half a century, the (1) _of progress in the computer industry has bee
3、n to do more with less.Moores law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space (2)_ every 18 months.文档来自于网络搜索The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.文档来自于网络搜索Yet as (3)_ get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.文档来自
4、于网络搜索On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.文档来自于网络搜索Happily for those that lack Intels resources, there may be a cheaper optionnamely to mimic Mother Nature,文档来自于网络搜索who has been building tiny (4)_, in the fo
5、rm of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.文档来自于网络搜索A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the (5)_.文档来自于网络搜索In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Brit
6、ain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets,文档来自于网络搜索similar to those employed to store information in disk drives.文档来自于网络搜索The researchers took their (6)_ from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earths magnetic field thanks to the p
7、resence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.文档来自于网络搜索Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacteriumEscherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biote
8、chnologyto (7)_ this protein in bulk.文档来自于网络搜索Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.文档来自于网络搜索Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein.文档来自于网络搜索The other half were left untreated as controls.They then dipped the gold into a solution
9、 containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated (8)_ of iron salts.文档来自于网络搜索After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.文档来自于网络搜索Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherd
10、ed into place by the bacterial protein.文档来自于网络搜索In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarised.文档来自于网络搜索Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.文档来自于网络搜索For a start, the grains of magne
11、tite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing (9)_.文档来自于网络搜索But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with.文档来自于网络搜索The (10)_ of this approach is that it might not be so capital-i
12、ntensive as building a fab.文档来自于网络搜索Growing things does not need as much kit as making them.文档来自于网络搜索If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.文档来自于网络搜索A) componentsB) advantageC) standardsD) complimentsE) essenceF) inspirationG) disad
13、vantageH) doublesI) solutionJ) resolutionK) devicesL) manufactureM) spiritN) productO) technique答案：1.E)essence2.H)doubles3.A)components4.K)devices5.O)technique6.F)inspiration7.L)manufacture8.I)solution9.C)standards10.B)advantage 文档来自于网络搜索全文翻译A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria文档来
14、自于网络搜索制造计算机存储器的新奇方法：使用细菌FOR half a century, the essence of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less.文档来自于网络搜索半个世纪以来，计算机产业发展的本质就是花钱更少，成事更多。Moores law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space doubles every 18 months.文档来自于网络搜索摩尔定律的著
15、名论断是：能够放入某空间内的晶体管数量每18个月翻一番。The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.文档来自于网络搜索储存的数据也有着类似的增长速率，Yet as components get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.文档来自于网络搜索但是随着部件越来越小，它们的制造难度和成本也逐渐增加。On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker,
16、 put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.文档来自于网络搜索5月10日，美国芯片巨头因特尔总裁兼CEOPaul Otellini宣布将花费上百亿美元建设新工厂。Happily for those that lack Intels resources, there may be a cheaper optionnamely to mimic Mother Nature,文档来自于网络搜索对于不像因特尔那么有钱的厂家的好消息是，他们或许可以选择更便宜的方式模拟大自然。who has been building tiny d
17、evices, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.对于大自然来说，她建造微小设备已经有数十亿年了，所以自然是信手拈来，当然，这些设备都是以活细胞和其组份的形式呈现。文档来自于网络搜索A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the technique.发表在纳米技术期刊微小的一篇论文描述
18、了这一新技术的示例，文档来自于网络搜索In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets,该技术团队由英国利兹大学的Sarah Staniland领导，他们用自然生成的蛋白质让微型磁性材料进行排列，文档来自于网络搜索similar to those employed to store information in
19、disk drives.文档来自于网络搜索这与磁盘驱动器上储存信息的磁性材料排序是类似的。The researchers took their inspiration from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earths magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.研究人员从趋磁细菌上获得了灵感，由于该细菌内部存在磁性颗粒，所以对地球磁场非
20、常敏感。文档来自于网络搜索Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacteriumEscherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnologyto manufacture this protein in bulk.文档来自于网络搜索他们先要把制造这种微型罗盘
21、的蛋白质分离出来，并采用基因工程技术设法让另一种细菌大肠杆菌来批量生产这种蛋白质，而大肠杆菌在生物体内普遍存在，是生物工程中的常用苦力。文档来自于网络搜索Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.然后他们用化学方法绘制微小的棋盘图案，文档来自于网络搜索Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein.并把图案的每一块染成金黄色，文档来自于网络搜索The other half were left
22、 untreated as controls.每块区域的一半用该蛋白质做固定点，文档来自于网络搜索They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated solution of iron salts.文档来自于网络搜索另一半不做任何处理作为对照，再把这些金黄色的棋盘浸入含蛋白质的溶液中，并允许溶液中的蛋白质与棋盘上的固定蛋白质结合，最后把该棋盘全部浸入加热
23、的铁盐溶液中。文档来自于网络搜索After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.他们再用电子显微镜观察实验结果，文档来自于网络搜索Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.文档来自于网络搜索果然，棋盘上的固定蛋白质区域产生了成群的磁铁颗粒，并由细菌蛋白质控制在相应位置。In principle, ea
24、ch of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarised.基本上每个磁域都能按极化的方式存储一个字节信息的1或0。文档来自于网络搜索Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.但是要制成真正的计算机存储器还有很长的路要走，文档来自于网络搜索For a start, the grains of magnetite are not
25、strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing standards.首先对于可用的存储器来说，那些磁铁颗粒的磁性还不够强大，并且每个区域的尺寸对现在计算机标准来说太大了。文档来自于网络搜索But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with.文档来自于网络搜索但Staniland认为，只要做些足够的
26、调整，那些困难都将不是问题。The advantage of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.文档来自于网络搜索这种方法的好处就是不用像因特尔那样如此资源密集地去建造新工厂，Growing things does not need as much kit as making them.文档来自于网络搜索在制造不断发展的产品时也不需要同样多的设备，If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give t
27、he word biotechnology a whole new meaning.文档来自于网络搜索所以，如果这种调整可以成功的话，生物技术将会有一个全新的定义。Nice juicy AppleALTHOUGH he is still (1)_ things up at Dell, an ailing computer-maker, Carl Icahn has found time to tilt at another tech titan. On August 13th the veteran shareholder activist (2) _that he had built up
28、a stake in Apple, though he stayed mum about exactly how many shares he had bought. Mr Icahns intentions, however, are crystal clear: he wants the consumer-electronics behemoth to expand plans to return some of its whopping $147 billion of cash and marketable securities to shareholders.文档来自于网络搜索Mr I
29、cahn is also after more money at Dell, where he has been lobbying with allies against a (3)_ buy-out plan put forward by Michael Dell, the firms founder, and Silver Lake, a private-equity firm. His pressing has already forced the buy-out group to raise its initial offer by over $350m, to $24.8 billi
30、on and he has taken his (4)_ to the courts in a bid to extract an even higher price.文档来自于网络搜索Other tech firms have been attracting the attention of activist investors too. Earlier this year ValueAct Capital, an investment fund, said it had built up a $2 billion stake in Microsoft. Jaguar Financial,
31、a Canadian bank, has been (5)_ fresh thinking at troubled BlackBerry, which announced on August 12th that it is exploring various (6) _options, including alliances and a possible sale. And Elliott Management, a hedge fund, has been lobbying for change at NetApp, a data-storage firm that it thinks co
32、uld do more to improve returns to (7)_.文档来自于网络搜索One reason tech firms have found themselves in activists crosshairs is that, like Apple, some built up big cash piles during the economic downturn and have been slow to use the money. Financiers hope to get them to loosen their purse-strings faster and
33、 to pocket some of the cash. Mr Icahn wants Apple to increase and (8)_ a share buy-back programme that is currently set to return $60 billion to shareholders by the end of 2015.文档来自于网络搜索Another reason that tech firms make tempting targets for shareholder activists is that swift changes in technologi
34、es can trip up even the mightiest. Witness the case of Microsoft, which ruled the roost during the personal-computer era but has struggled to adapt to a world in which tablets and smartphones are all the rage. Investors hope to mint money by pushing companies to change more rapidly in response to su
35、ch upheavals in their markets.文档来自于网络搜索The rewards can be substantial. Egged on by Third Point, an activist hedge fund, Yahoo (9) _Marissa Mayer as its new chief executive in July 2012. By the time she celebrated a year in the job last month, the troubled web giants share price had risen by over 70%
36、. In July the hedge fund sold a big chunk of shares back to Yahoo. Mr Icahn thinks Apples share price, which closed at $499 on August 14th, could soar too if the firm follows his advice on buy-backs. He tweeted this week that he had had a “nice (10)_” with Tim Cook, Apples boss, about his idea, thou
37、gh he did not say what Mr Cook thought of it. If Apple drags its feet, expect things to turn nasty.文档来自于网络搜索A) shareholdersB) strategicC) communicationD) battleE) conversationF) encouragingG) excitingH) stirringI) appointedJ) raceK) revealedL) methodM) accelerateN) proposed答案1.H) stirring2.K) reveal
38、ed3.N) proposed4.D) battle5.F) encouraging6.B) strategic7.A) shareholders8.M) accelerate9.I) appointed10.E) conversation全文翻译：新鲜多汁的“苹果”Nice juicy Apple尽管卡尔伊坎仍在陷入困境的电脑生产商戴尔公司搅和，他已经抽出了时间力争另一家科技巨头。8月13日，这位积极的投资老手透露他已经持有苹果的股份，但是具体持有多少则避而不谈。然而，伊坎先生的意图很明确：他想要这家消费电子产品巨头扩张计划，将1470亿美元市值里的部分资金以现金和有价证券的形式返还给股东。
39、文档来自于网络搜索ALTHOUGH he is still stirring things up at Dell, an ailing computer-maker, Carl Icahn has found time to tilt at another tech titan. On August 13th the veteran shareholder activist revealed that he had built up a stake in Apple, though he stayed mum about exactly how many shares he had bough
40、t. Mr Icahns intentions, however, are crystal clear: he wants the consumer-electronics behemoth to expand plans to return some of its whopping $147 billion of cash and marketable securities to shareholders.文档来自于网络搜索伊坎先生也仍在从戴尔公司争取更多的钱，他正在游说股东反对一起收购。这项收购计划是由戴尔的创始人迈克尔戴尔和一家私募股权公司银湖发起的。来自伊坎先生的压力已经使收购方提高了
41、3.5亿美元的价格，使得收购价达到了248亿美元。他已经将斗争带到了法庭，通过投标争取得到更多的钱。文档来自于网络搜索Mr Icahn is also after more money at Dell, where he has been lobbying with allies against a proposed buy-out plan put forward by Michael Dell, the firms founder, and SilverLake, a private-equity firm. His pressing has already forced the buy-
42、out group to raise its initial offer by over $350m, to $24.8 billion and he has taken his battle to the courts in a bid to extract an even higher price.文档来自于网络搜索其他的科技公司也吸引了不少积极投资者的注意。今年早些时候，一个投资基金ValueAct Capital表示其持有了微软公司20亿美元的股份。加拿大银行捷豹金融也鼓励陷入危机的黑莓创新思维。今年8月12日，黑莓公司表示其正在探索战略选择，包括结盟和出售公司。一家对冲基金艾略特管理
43、公司游说数据存储公司NetApp做出改变，该公司认为NetApp能做出更多来提高股东的收益。文档来自于网络搜索Other tech firms have been attracting the attention of activist investors too. Earlier this year ValueAct Capital, an investment fund, said it had built up a $2 billion stake in Microsoft. Jaguar Financial, a Canadian bank, has been encouraging
44、fresh thinking at troubled BlackBerry, which announced on August 12th that it is exploring various strategic options, including alliances and a possible sale. And Elliott Management, a hedge fund, has been lobbying for change at NetApp, a data-storage firm that it thinks could do more to improve ret
45、urns to shareholders.文档来自于网络搜索积极投资人瞄准科技公司的一个原因是，很多科技公司跟苹果一样在经济衰退时拥有很大的现金流，但是资金利用不足。金融家希望他们放松自己的财政，放出更多的现金。伊坎先生想要苹果增加并加速其股份回购计划。现在该计划是截止到2015年末，苹果公司返还600亿美元给股东。文档来自于网络搜索One reason tech firms have found themselves in activists crosshairs is that, like Apple, some built up big cash piles during the eco
46、nomic downturn and have been slow to use the money. Financiers hope to get them to loosen their purse-strings faster and to pocket some of the cash. Mr Icahn wants Apple to increase and accelerate a share buy-back programme that is currently set to return $60 billion to shareholders by the end of 20
47、15.文档来自于网络搜索积极投资者瞄准科技公司的另一个原因就是科技的日新月异甚至会搞垮行业巨头。看一看微软的例子，在个人电脑时期成垄断之势，而在平板电脑智能手机时代则处于苦苦挣扎的境地。投资者希望通过推动公司做出更快改变适应市场变化来挣得更多利润。文档来自于网络搜索Another reason that tech firms make tempting targets for shareholder activists is that swift changes in technologies can trip up even the mightiest. Witness the case of Microsoft, which ruled the roost during the personal-computer era but has struggled to adapt to a world in which tablets and smartphones are all the rage. Investors hope to mint money by pushing companies to change more rapidl
