1、*Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里【Text 】Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soonthey may lose their lives. However , rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used,vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Re
2、scue workers are therefore drilling a hole onthe north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not beena hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours.As it is, theyhave been drilling for sixteen hours and they stil
3、l have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone,which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with theirclosest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confidentthat they will get out soon. They have been told that res
4、cue operations are progressing smoothly. Ifthey knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart.【课文翻译】6 个人被困在矿井里已有 17 个小时了。如果不把 他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这 6 个人救上来。 如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石， 他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际情
5、况是，他们已连 续钻了 16 个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。 虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了， 但这些人的心情很好， 坚信他们很快就会出去。 他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。 如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。New words and expressions 生词和短语trap v. 陷入，使陷于困境 surface n. 地面，表面explosive n. 炸药 vibration n. 震动collapse v. 坍塌 drill v. 钻孔capsule n. 容器 layer n
6、. 层、层次beneath prep. 在. 之下 lower v. 放下，降低progress v. 进展，进行 smoothly adv. 顺利地*【生词讲解】1. trap1） v. 陷入，使陷于困境eg ：He was trapped in the game preserve.他被困在禁猎区。in the game preserve 在禁猎区eg: Help! Im trapped.Open the door!救命啊，我出不来了。开门！eg: They were trapped in the burning hotel.他们被困在着火的旅馆里。2）v. 将（某人）诱入圈套、诱骗 （某人
7、）trap sb into doing 诱使某人做某事eg ：They trapped her into marring him.他们又骗她嫁给了他。eg ：I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.我中计了，把所有知道的一切全告诉了警察3） n. （捕鸟、兽等用的）圈套、陷阱a bear caught in a trap 熊陷入陷阱set a trap for mouse set a mousetrap 设（陷阱）；张（罗网） ；扬（帆），钩住4） n. 诡计、圈套、策略eg ：He fell into a trap.他掉进了陷阱2.
8、surface1） n. 地面，表面a smooth surface 光滑的表面2） n. 外表、外观look only at the surface of things 只看事情的表面on the surface 表面上的 、外观上的friendship on the surface 表面上的友谊eg ：You looked satisfied on the surface then.那个时候你看起来表面上很满足。3） adj. 外表的surface differences 表面上的差异 ；surface kindness 表面上的好心短语：surface mail 陆 （水）路邮件、普通邮
9、件（相反的 airmail ）send a letter by surface mail 寄普通邮件3. explosive1） n. 炸药high explosive 强力炸药2） adj. 爆发的、爆发性的an explosive substance 爆炸物explosion n.1 ）爆发 、爆裂、爆炸声a gas explosion 瓦斯爆炸2） 爆发 an explosion of laughter 爆发出笑声explode v.1 ）（炸药、煤气等）爆炸事件eg ：The heat exploded the corked bottle .热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。2）（因生气、笑等）
10、使 （感情）爆发、 （感情）爆发eg ：He exploded in anger .勃然大怒eg ：His jealousy exploded when she kissed another boy.看她吻了另一个男孩、他醋劲大发。 jealousy ?d ?el ?si n. 妒忌；猜忌4. vibration n. 震动the vibration of the traffic 车辆来往产生的振动。vibrate1） v. 振动、摇动eg ：His shoulders vibrated with anger .他气到双肩颤动。2） v. 受 而感动， （心）颤动、惊动eg ：My heart
11、 vibrated to the soulful painting.那张充满感情的画感动了我的心灵。5. collapse1） v. 坍塌、瓦解、崩溃eg ：The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.雪把房顶压塌了 .eg ：The heavy flood collapsed the bridge.大洪水使桥梁倒塌了。2） v.（计划、事业等）垮掉、挫败eg ：Our project collapsed because of shortage of funds .因为资金短缺，我们的计划挫败。3） v. 折迭、可折迭eg ：This table c
12、ollapses, so I can store it easily .这种桌子可以折迭 ,不用时很容易收藏。collapse a tent 把帐篷折迭起来6. drill1） v. 钻孔drill a hole in the wall 在墙上钻个洞drill a tooth 钻牙齿2） v. 训练 （某人），反复练习、接受训练drill troops 练兵drill in English pronunciation 英语发音练习3） n. 锥子 、钻孔机an electric drill电钻make a hole with a drill 用钻打洞4） n. 训练、演练、演习 a fire
13、drill 消防演习drill in English words 英文单字反复练习7. capsule n. 容器、胶囊eg ：He swallowed two capsules at a time.他一下吃了两粒胶囊。medicine ：pill pil 药丸、 powder ?paud ? 药粉、tablet ?t?blit 药片、 capsule ?k?psju:l 胶囊8. layer1） n. 层、一层a layer of clay 一层泥 clay klei n. 粘土，泥土a cake with two layers 两层蛋2）置放者、砌 的人（通常构成复合词）a brickla
14、yer 泥瓦匠3） 下蛋的鸡a good layer 常下蛋的鸡 a bad layer 不常下蛋的鸡9. beneath1） prep. 在. 之下（可用已表示接触或未接触时，稍为严谨的表达法，一般多用 under ）eg ：Let s take a rest beneath the tree .让我们在树下休息。eg ：The ground beneath my feet was soft.我脚下的土地松软。2）（地位、价值）较 .差的，较 不值的的eg ：His work is beneath contempt.他的行为使人不屑一顾eg ：Such words are beneath y
15、ou.说这些话有些失你身份。10. lower1） v. 放低（高度、位置） ，降低eg ：She lowered her eyes.他垂下眼睛。lower a flag 降旗 ； lower the sails 降帆lower the water in the canal 降低运河中的水位2） v. 降低 （价格、数量、程度、声音等）lower the rent of a house 降低房租； lower one s voice压低声音the Lower House （两院治的）下议院the House of Representatives （美）众议院the House of Commo
16、ns （英）下议院the Upper House 上议院11. progress1） ?pr ? ?gres v. 进展，进行eg ：We are now progressing steadily with our work我们现在工作进展顺利。2） v. 进步、上进eg ：You have progressed quickly in mathematics.你在数学上进步迅速。1） n. ?pr ? ugres 前进、进行make swift progress toward the destination 朝目的地迅速前进 。make slow progress toward the des
17、tination 朝目的地缓慢前进。2） n. 进步 the progress of medicine 医药的进步12. smoothly adv. 顺利地、平滑地go smoothly 进展顺利eg ：The es calator didn t operate smoothly.自动扶梯没有顺利运作 escalator ?esk ? leit ? n. 自动扶梯 operate ?p ? reit vi. 运转；动手术；起作用 vt. 操作；经营smooth1 ） adj. 平滑的 、顺利的（反义词 rough ）a smooth skin 光滑的皮肤 ； a smooth road 顺畅的
18、道路eg ：His efforts made the smooth passage of the bill possible.他的努力使该法案得以顺利通过。2） adj. 口齿伶俐的 a smooth talker 一个能说会道的人3） adj. 温和的eg ：He is smooth in his manners. 他举止彬彬有礼。4） v. 使平滑 （坦）smooth out a tablecloth 铺平桌布eg ：Don t forget to smooth down the board before you paint it .在刷油漆之前别忘了把木料打磨光滑。【课文讲解】13. S
19、ix men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. be trapped in a mine 被困在矿井2） mine 矿井，巷道，水雷a mine of information about/on sb/sth 知识的宝库；信息的源泉eg: My grandmother is a mine of information about our familys history我的祖母是我们家史的资料库。a gold mine 金矿 ； work in a mine 在矿场工作14. If they are not brought to th
20、e surface soon they may lose their lives. be brought to the surface 救到地面上来lose one s lif丧e 生save ones life 救命15. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. rescue1） v.（从危险等） 救出rescue fromeg ：They rescued a boy from drowning.救了那个落水男孩。eg ：The firemen rescued a baby from the brining house.消防队员从着
21、火的房屋里救出一名婴儿。2） n. 救助 go to one s rescue去营救某人 prove v. 证明、显示出prove + adj. eg ：It proves difficult .prove + to be eg ：It proves to be dfifficult .prove that eg ：It proves that it is difficult . 这证明，它是困难的16. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. 真实条件句 （主将从现） -详
22、情请见 Special Difficulty17. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. on the north side of the mine 在矿井北侧on both sides of the street 在街道两边on the other side of the square 在广场的另一侧 therefore 表示 “因此 ”、 “所以 ”等。它是副词，所以它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词或形容词前。so 表示 “因此 ”、“所以 ”时通常是连词：eg: The ne
23、w flat is larger and therefore more expensive.这套新房子（比原先的）要大些，因此比较贵。eg: His parents gave him some money, and he was therefore able to buy a car .他的父母给了他一些钱，所以他能买得起一辆车。eg ：His parents gave him some money, therefore, he was able to buy a car .（译文同上， therefore 前后都可以有逗号， so 后面通常不用逗号）We arrived early, so
24、we got good seats. 我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。（so 表示 “所以 ”、“因此 ”时不放在动词前）18. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. intend to do 打算做某事intend sb to do 打算让某人做某事eg ：He intends to study abroad next year .他打算明年到国外留学。eg ：He intends his son to manage the company.他打算让他儿子经营该公司。 bring up1 ） 养育、培育、教育eg ：She
25、 s brought up three children.她一个人养大了三个孩子。a well-brought up child 有教养的孩子 a badly-brought up child 没有教养的孩子2 ） 提出话题eg ：His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting .他在会议上提出新的建议。19. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would havecompleted the job in a few hours. 非真实条件句(
26、虚拟语气) - 详情请见Special Difficulty20. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. as it is 实际上in fact as a matter of fact 实际上，其实eg: I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.我以为他们会帮助我们。实际上他们却只是坐着旁观。eg: I promised to return th
27、e books yesterday. As it is, I wont be able to do so until next Monday.我答应昨天还书的，但事实上我要到下星期一才能还。a long way to go （本文中） 离钻透还早着呢You still have a long way to go if you wanna marry Susan.three months to go 还有三个月21. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, hasenabled the men
28、 to keep in touch with their closest relatives. enable sb to do 使某人做eg: The new contact enables us to demand whatever we want .新的通讯方式能让我们得到想要的任何东西。 keep in touch with 与 保持联系eg ：He still keeps in touch with his old friends.他依然与他的老朋友保持联系。 out of touch 失去联系eg ：I m out of tou ch with economic conditions
29、 now.我不了解现阶段的经济状况。a near touch （a close call ） 千钧一发 closest relatives immediate relatives 直系亲属22. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confidentthat they will get out soon. run out of 耗尽 （use up ）run after （chase ）eg ：A crowed of boys ran after the beggar . 一群男孩追赶着
30、乞丐。run over 撞倒eg ：That boy was nearly run over by a car . The car nearly hit him.小男孩差一点儿被汽车轧了。run in （新汽车的发动机的） 磨合运转、磨合试车eg ：Don t drive so fast . This car hasn t been run in yet. The car must be driven slowly so as not to damage the new engine .别开得这么快这辆车还没有试车。run into 偶遇run across / meet with / com
31、e across / meet by chance / meet by accidenteg ：I ran into Helga while I was in Sweden.我在瑞典时偶遇 Helga 。 cheerful 兴高采烈的，精神振奋的eg: You are very cheerful today. 你今天很快活。 confident in doing sth. 有信心做 .confident of sth 确信.23. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.If they knew h
32、ow difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. 非真实条件句 drill through 钻透lose heart 失望 lose one s nerveeg: The teacher told her students not to lose heart even if they didnt pass the exam.那个老师告诉她的学生即使他们没通过考试也不要灰心。lose ones heart 丧失某人信心【关键词组摘录】1. be trapped in 7. bring sb up2
33、. lose one s life 8. a long way to go3. prove difficult 9. enable sb to do sth4. drill a hole 10. keep in touch5. on the north side of 11. run out of6. intend to do sth 12. lose heart【Key structures & Special Difficulties 】真实条件句和非真实条件句 ( 虚拟语气)英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。一、真实条件句 : 表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。真实条件句中的谓语动
34、词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去式代替过去将来时。例如：If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.【详解】条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，通常由if 来引导，作 “如果 ，那么 ”讲。详解例句如果主句用的是一般将来时， if 引导的条I will visit my grandmother if I件状语从句常用一般现在时。am free.时态 如果主句是祈使句， 从句也常用一般现在Let s go shop
35、ping if you are not时。busy.如果主句含有情态动词， 从句一般也用一 You must be careful if you go般现在时。swimming in the river.语序if 引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句前面， If you don t hurry, you will be常用逗号隔开；也可以放在主句的后面。 late.= You will be late if you don thurry.“祈使句 +and (or)+ 陈述句 ”在意义上相 Hurry up, or you ll be late.转换当于一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。= If you
36、 don t hurry up, you ll be“if+否定句 ”相当于 “unless+ 肯定句 ”。late.Don t come in if I don t call you.= Don t come in unless I callyou.注： 当连词 if 作 “是否 ”讲时， if 引导的从句的时态要根据具体情况而定。【 中考链接】( ) 1. I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week. （2010 山东莱芜） Really? _ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy.A.
37、 If B. Until C. Unless D. Before( ) 2. I don t know if it _ tomorrow. If it _, we won t go on a picnic.A. rains; rains B. will rain; rains C. will rain; will rain( ) 3. We will have no water to drink _ we don t protect the ea（rth2.010 上海）A. until B. before C. though D. if【巩固练习】.单项选择( ) 1. We will st
38、ay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming( ) 2. Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us? I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will be( ) 3. You will keep healthy _ you do more exer
39、cise, such as running and swimming.A. if B. how C. before D. where. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。24. 如果明天不下雨的话，我们将去动物园。We will go to the zoo _ _ _ _ tomorrow.25. 如果你完成了作业，我们就去下象棋。_ _ _ _ _, let s go to play chess.26. 如果人人都能保护环境，世界将会变得更美好。If everyone protects the environment, the world _ _ _ _.二、非真实条件句 : 也叫虚拟条件
40、句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。其具体形式如下：时间概念 条件从句中的谓语动词 主句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反 did/were would(could/should/ might)+do与过去事实相反 had done/been would(could/should/might)+have done与将来事实相反 did/were would(could/should/ might)+ doshould dowere to do注意：7. 上述主句的谓语中， would 表示结果， might 表示
41、可能性， could 表示能力、允许或可能性， should 主要用第一人称后。8. 条件从句的谓语动词为 be 时，不管其主语是单数还是复数通常用 were 。例如：If he were here now, we could ask him about it. ( 与现在事实相反 )9. 混合条件句。当条件状语从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。例如：If he had followed the doctor s advice then, he would be quite all right now.（从句表示过去时间，主句表示
42、现在时间）10. ( 省 if ) 倒装的虚拟条件句。 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should 或 had, 可将 if 省略，把 were,should 或 had 移到从句主语前形成倒装。例如：Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy.11. If it weren 和t f oIrf it hadn t been fo是r 两个很 常用的虚拟语气句型， 其意为 “若不是（有） ，要不是有 ”。前者谈论现在的情况，后者谈论过去的情况。一、用动词的适当形式填空。1. What will you do if it _ (
43、rain) tomorrow? We have to carry it on, since we ve got everything ready.2. She told me that she would not go with me if it _ (rain) the next day.3. If I _ (be) you, I would plant some trees round the house.4. If I had been you then, I _ (not quarrel) with him.5. If the United States had built more
44、homes for poor people in 1955 ，the housing problems now insome parts of this country _ (not be) so serious.二、选择填空1. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tellsC. told D. had told2. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time
45、 for the meeting.A. take B. had takenC. took D. have taken27. If he _ my advice, he wouldn t have lost his job.A. followed B. should followC. had followed D. would follow28. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved29. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not30. The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop,
