1、第一节 重译法 Repetition1.Definition 2.Modes of Repetition 1).Repetition for Semantic Clarity 2).Repetition for Emphasis 3).Repetition for Vividness 1.The next day，Zou came across Mr.Xu.He thoroughly examined him and made a careful comparison.Still he could not believe he was nicer than him.He went to loo
2、k at himself in the mirror again and realized he was not as handsome as Mr.Xu.第二天，邹邹碰巧见了徐大人徐大人。邹邹又暗暗地仔细打量着徐大人徐大人。在把自己自己与徐大人徐大人做了仔细比较后，他他仍看不出他他比徐大人徐大人还漂亮。他他回家又在镜子面前看自己自己：他他认识到自己比不上徐大人徐大人漂亮。(邹忌讽齐王纳谏)2.坚持改革开放，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制。改革开放是强国之路。必须坚定不移地推进各方面改革。改革要从实际出发，整体推进，重点突破，循序渐进，注重制度建设和创新。坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向，使市场在
3、国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合，积极参与国际经济技术合作和竞争，不断提高对外开放水平。We should persevere in reform and opening up and keep improving the socialist market economy.Reform and opening up are ways to make China powerful.We must press ahead with the reform in all areas resolutely.The reform must be promoted re
4、alistically,comprehensively and progressively with breakthroughs made in key areas and emphasis placed on institutional improvement and innovation.We should follow the orientation of reform toward the socialist market economy and make sure that the market forces play an essential role in the allocat
5、ion of resources under the states macroeconomic control.By both bringing in and going out,we should actively participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition and open wider to the outside world.1.Definition Repetition:the way the key words are repeated in a given s
6、entence or paragraph or passage in such a way as to conform to the idiomatic usage of the target language in E-C translation.重译法重译法为了明确、强调或生动，需要在翻译中重复某些关键性词语。重译法其实也是一种增词法，只是所增加的是上文出现过的词语。目的有三:(1).使意义明确；(2).表示强调；(3).使译文生动。2.Modes of Repetition 1).Repetition for Semantic Clarity 2).Repetition for Emph
7、asis3).Repetition for Expressiveness 3.Repetition in E-C Translation 1).Repetition for Semantic Clarity(意义明确意义明确)A).Repetition of Nouns(重译名词）重译名词）(A).Repeat nouns used as objects(1).Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全 和卫生 吧。(2).People use natural science to understand and chang
8、e nature.人类利用自然科学去了解 、改造 。(3).The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic,heating and chemical effects.电流的主要效应是电磁 、热 和化学 。(4).We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析 ，解决 。(5).Last year,the output of coal in this region amounted to about 20 percent of the whole country;of steel 25 per
9、cent;of grain 30 percent;of cotton 35 percent.去年，这个地区的煤 约占全国总 的百分之二十，钢 占百分之二十五，稻谷 占百分之三十，棉花 占百分之三十五。(B).Repeat the omitted nouns before prepositions(1).A foreign language learner will get more knowledge from practice than from books.一个学外语的人从实践中学到的 比从书本上学到的 要多。(2).The use of poison gas is clear viola
10、tion of international lawin particular of the Geneva Convention.使用毒气显然 国际法，特别是 日内瓦公约。(3).Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.无知是羡慕的 ，也是恐惧的 。(4).The story of Tom is a story of groans and tears,of a poor fellow ill-treated.汤姆的故事是一个充满呻吟和泪水的 ，是一个不幸的人惨遭虐待的 。(D).Repeat anticipatory no
11、uns(定从中的先行词）定从中的先行词）(1).The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss,who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.小学徒对老板老板尤其怕得要死，经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了。(2).We have advanced the principle of peaceful coexistence,which is now growing more and more popular am
12、ong the nations of Asia and Africa.我们提出了和平共处的原则，该 现越来越受到亚非国家的欢迎。(3).May I extend my hearty congratulations to the Chinese athletes,through you,for the glowing success of their performance at the Beijing Olympic Games,which is now inspiring the entire country.让我通过您衷心地祝贺中国运动员，祝贺他们在北京奥运会上获得的辉煌 ,这个 正鼓舞着
13、全国人民。B.Repetition of VerbsA).Repeat the verb shared by several objects or predicatives(英句中常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语）(1).They were starting from scratch and needed men,guns,training.他们是白手起家，他们 人员，枪支，训练。(2).He owned a town house,a summer lodge in the mountains,a winter cabin in the desert,a car and a drivers li
14、cense to take himself about.过去，他在城里 一所住宅，在山间 一处避暑的住所，在沙漠地带 一处避寒的住所，外出还 汽车和驾驶执照。B).Repeat verbs common to several prepositions(1).From then on he no longer dreamed of her charming smiles,nor of her soft whispers,nor of her sweet and ardent kisses.从那以后他不再 她迷人的微笑，不再 她那温柔的低语，也不再 她那甜蜜而热情的吻了。(2).They talk
15、ed of themselves,of their prospects,of the journey,of the weather,of each otherof everything but our host and hostess.他们 自己，到前途，到旅程，到天气，到彼此的情况 到一切，只是不 我们的男女主人。(3).Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education,and particularly of the spread of wealth and work.接着他 了慈善事业的兴起和教育的普及，特别 了财富和工作
16、面的扩大。At times,the verb is still to be repeated in Chinese even if the prepositions have been omitted in English as follows.(1).But his wife kept dining in his ears about his idleness,his carelessness,and the ruin he was bringing on his family.可是他老婆不断地在他耳边 ，他懒惰，他粗心，并且 他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。(2).We wanted to d
17、etermine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligation as a clerk in the company.我们想要确定，他是否 了受雇条件，是否 了作为公司职员所应尽的义务。(3).But they did not show their feelings and they spoke politely about the current and depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of wha
18、t they had seen.但是他们并没有把感情流露出来，只是斯斯文文地 海流，他们把钓丝送进海水的深度，好久不变的好天气，还 他们所看到的一切。C.Repetition of Pronouns（重复代词）（重复代词）A).Repeat the nouns in Chinese for the pronouns in English(英语中用代词之处，翻译时可重复其所替代的名词）(1).He hated failure;he had conquered it all his life,risen above it,despised it in others.他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜 ，超
19、越 ，并且藐视别人的 。(2).Although machines do work better and faster than a person does,they will never be able to replace him because they must be controlled by man.尽管机器比人工作得更好、更快，但 永远不能取代人，因为 必须由人来控制。(3).When her eyes looked up,they were very large,odd,and attractive.她抬起眼来的时候，显得很大，很特别，很动人。(5).The change of
20、 Tom was that of a key man in a key slotsomething that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other players.汤姆的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的 ，他的他的 象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。B).Repeat the nouns in Chinese for the possessive pronouns in English（翻译时可不用代词而重复其所替代的名词）(1).Big powers have their strategies while small countr
21、ies also have their own lines.强国有 的策略，小国有 的策略。(2).Each country has its own customs.各国有 的风俗。C).Repeat the relative pronoun or adverb(nouns)implicated in the emphatic relative pronouns or adverbs（重复强势关系代词或副词）(1).You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best.我书架上的小说你最爱看 ，你就可以借 。3).Come to
22、 my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.你 有空，就 到我办公室来谈一谈。Besides,repetition may be implemented semantically even if there are no recurring words in the source text.(1).He wanted to send them more aid,more weapons and a few more men.他想给他们 些援助，些武器，些人员。2).He was proficient both as a fl
23、yer and as a navigator.他既精于精于飞行，又 导航。3).To him,the birds sang,the squirrel chattered and the flowers bloomed.鸟儿 他歌唱，松鼠 叽咕，花儿 开放。B.Repetition for Emphasis（强调）（强调）While force is in one way secured by brevity,it is strange to say that emphasis is also to be maintained by skilful repetition.An important
24、 word may be repeated just for the purpose of keeping it before the readers mind.This principle holds true both in English and in Chinese.为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词语，给人以深刻印象，英译汉时可采用同样的重复手段。A).Repetitions in English can be retained in Chinese（保留原句中的重复）(1).Prominent among the most prominent upon the most pro
25、minent shelf were series of splendidly bound volumes entitled Shakespeares Works.在那个最 的书架上最 的书籍中 的几卷就是精装的名叫莎士比亚全集的一套书。(2).This town is a small town,looking much like other towns of its size,but few towns enjoy so many natural advantages.这个城市是个小城市小城市，看上去跟其他与它大小相仿的 没有什么两样，但是其他 却很少有这么多的天然优越条件。B).Repeti
26、tions in English can be represented in synonyms in Chinese(用同义词重复用同义词重复）(1).Every change of season,every change of weather,every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shape of these mountains;and they are regarded by all good wives,far and near,as perfect barometers.季节的每一 ，气候的
27、每一 ，乃至一天中的每一小时，都给这些山峦的奇幻色彩和形态带来 ，远近的主主妇妇都把这些看作是准确的晴雨表。(2).I know you hate me and I hate you,we had better part right now.我知道你 我，我也 你，我们最好即刻就分手吧。(3).They might be well preparing an attack against the country,hence their sizable build-up not only of troops,but of missiles,planes,and tanks along the bo
28、rder of the country.他们很可能正准备进攻这个国家，因此他们沿着这个国家的边境不仅 了大量部队，而且 了大量导弹、飞机和坦克。C).Repetition for Vividness（生动）It is one of the many peculiarities in word-formation of Chinese to reduplicate or repeat characters or words.With these words or expressions here and there in translation,the sentences will be ren
29、dered more expressive,and the translation will sound more like the original work.（即使原文中没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，有时也可采用重复手段）A).The use of four-character phrases to render the translated versions more expressive and idiomatic(运用运用两个四字词组两个四字词组)(1).But there had been too much publicity about her sexy case.但她的
30、现在已经搞得 。(2).He showed himself calm in an emergency situation.他在情况危急时，。(3).The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman,who instantly found himself tongued-tied.这些问题显然使得这位头脑迟钝的发言人感到意外，他立刻显得 。B).Reduplication of characters or words in Chinese(重迭重迭)(1).He had been completely hon
31、est in my replies,withholding nothing.他的回答完全是 ，直言无隐。(2).She hoped that she had mixed enough fact and fiction in her story to mislead him.(Ruth Eby:“Ride on,Sibyl Ludington”)她希望所说的情况 ，足以使他 。C).The use of antithetic phrases in Chinese（四字对偶词组）（四字对偶词组）great contributions in chaos deep hatred crudely mad
32、e fine-sounding words (1).It was a bright September afternoon,and the streets of the city were brilliant with moving people.这是九月一晴朗的下午，那座城市的大街上，人来人往，。(2).If it was a time of triumph for the many,it was a painful period for the few.多数人 之日，却是少数人 之时。(3).Eternal glory to those revolutionary martyrs who
33、have laid down their lives for the cause of liberation of the people!为了人民的解放事业英勇献身的烈士们 ！4.Repetition in C-E Translation 1).Repetition for ClarityA.Repetition in C.and E.(a).淡淡淡淡长江水，悠悠悠悠远客情。Coolly,coolly,the River Long rolls on;Sadly,sadly for a far place Im bound.(b).日日日日人空老，年年年年春更归。In vain will man
34、 grow old ;Still spring will come again .c).年复一年，一个世纪又一个世纪，月亮阴晴圆缺，反复循环。Year after year and after the moon goes around through its cycles.d).他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想想了又又想想，盘算盘算了了又盘盘算算。(1).He wandered about in the chill rain,and ,and .(e).苍苍苍苍竹林寺，杳杳杳杳钟声晚。Green,green the temples mid bamboo;Late,late bells ring out
35、the evening.B.Repetition in C.and Substitution in E.(a).千里黄云白日曛，北风吹雁雪纷纷纷纷。The yellow clouds outspread for miles have veiled the day;The north wind blows away wild geese and brings down snow.(b).草色青青青青柳色黄，桃花历乱李花香。The yellow willows greet the green grass at their feet;Peach blossoms run riot,plum flow
36、ers smell so sweet.(c).清明时节雨纷纷纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。On the day of mourning for the dead its raining hard,My heart is broken on my way to the graveyard.(d).在我的后园，可以看见墙外有两棵树，一株是枣树，还有一株还是枣树枣树。(鲁迅秋夜)Over the wall from my back garden you can see two trees.One is a date tree,so is the other.(e).秦淮河里的船船，比北京万生园，颐和园的船船
37、好，比西湖的船船好，比扬州瘦西湖的船船好。这几处的船船不是觉着笨，就是觉着简陋，局促；都不能引起乘客们的情韵，如秦淮河里的船船一样。秦淮河里的船船约略可分为两种。”(朱自清：浆声灯影里的秦淮河)The ships on the Qinhuai are better than those in Beijings Myriad Creature Garden and Summer Palace and Hangzhous West Lake,better than on Yangzhous Shouxi Lake.These in those places are either clumsy or
38、 crude and cramped,less inviting than on the Qinhuai,which fall into two categories (f).（一个世纪以来，中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化）第一次是是辛亥革命，第二次是是中华人民共和国的成立，第三次是是改革开放.The first change was represented by the Revolution of 1911,the second change by the founding of P.R.China,and the third change by the reform-ope
39、ning up.(g).封建社会代替代替奴隶社会，资本主义代替代替封建主义，社会主义经历一个过程发展后必然代替代替资本主义。（邓选第三卷）Feudal society replaced slavery society,capitalism supplanted feudalism,and after a long time,socialism will necessarily supersede capitalism.Reduplication of characters or words and repetition of expressions in translation for exp
40、ressiveness and parallelisma rhetorical device.It is one of the many peculiarities in word-formation of Chinese to reduplicate or repeat characters or words.With these words or expressions here and there in translation,the sentences will be rendered more expressive,and the translation will sound mor
41、e like original work.If we are acquainted with the use of Chinese characters in repetition,we will be able to make our translation smooth in reading and therefore appealing to our Chinese readers.Following is a brief summary of the repetition of Chinese characters or words in various ways:1).Redupli
42、cation of nouns:亲属称呼：爷爷、奶奶、宝宝、乖乖表示”每一”或“所有”：人人、天天、字字、年年、户户2）Reduplication of measure words:表示“每一”、“逐一”、“许多”：个个、件件、排排、条条、本本、篇篇、块块ABAB:一个一个、一天一天、一层一层、一次一次ABB：一个个、一块块、一天天、一杆杆3).Reduplication of verbs:表示短暂的动作：有“一下”或“试一试”的意思，有时表示动作的反复：单音节：说说、听听、谈谈、歇歇、瞧瞧、弄弄双音节：ABAB:讨论讨论、整理整理、热闹热闹ABA:说一说、谈一谈、走一走、看一看、想了想、试了
43、试、摇了摇(试比较:A一下：说一下、看一下、走一下、想一下）AABB:说说笑笑、跑跑跳跳、来来往往、吃吃喝喝4).Reduplication of adjectives:表示程度的加重、加深、加强：单音节：白白(的)、红红(的)、厚厚(的)、小小(的)双音节：AABB:干干净净、老老实实、高高兴兴 ABAB:雪白雪白、通红通红、笔直笔直、冰凉冰凉5).Reduplication of adverbs:表示程度的加强：常常、刚刚、偏偏、仅仅、好好（地）AABB:的地确确、时时刻刻、日日夜夜6).Reduplication or juxtaposition of characters or wor
44、ds in other ways:(1).Imitative words:咚咚、咯咯、哈哈、哗哗、喃喃(2).Adjectives or adverbs:ABB:红彤彤、甜丝丝、水汪汪、绿油油、静悄悄、光闪闪、直挺挺、笑嘻嘻、白茫茫、眼睁睁ABA:面对面、心连心、手拉手、肩并肩(3).Words in four characters reduplicated in other ways:ABAC:一草一木、一针一线、一进一出、无法无天、有说有笑、土里土气、毛手毛脚、拼死拼活AABC:欣欣向荣、哈哈大笑、纷纷要求、喋喋不休ABCC:议论纷纷、刀光闪闪、烈火熊熊、弹痕累累ABCB:要吃有吃、要穿有
45、穿、说干就干、以毒攻毒Note:Although the reduplication of words is far more often seen in Chinese than in English,there are still a number of reduplicative words(double-barrelled words)in English vocabulary.A reduplicative word is a compound word composed of two words,one rhyming with another.Following are some
46、 of such words:I.1).clap trap:华而不实、哗众取宠的言语 2).Flip-flop:啪嗒啪嗒的动作或声音 3).teeny weeny：小小的；小额的 4).tip-top：绝顶、高峰 5).hurry-scurry:慌忙乱窜 6).twiddle-twaddle：蠢话，玩弄文字游戏的空话 7).hurly-burly：骚乱、喧闹 8).silly-billy：笨蛋9).whimwham:奇想、怪念头10).tick-took:滴答声11).fiddle-faddle:瞎搞；无聊话，胡说12).fuzzy-wuzzy：南太平洋岛国的人（蓄着厚厚卷发的人）13).sw
47、ingswong:摇摆，摆动II.14).criss-cross:十字形，杂乱无章，混乱状态15).wibby-wobby:不稳定的，摇摆的，软弱的16).clip clop:发得声17).tittle-tattle:闲聊，漫谈18).pell-mell:混乱的，乱七八糟的19).mumbo-jumbo:迷信的崇拜物，物神20).dillydally:吊儿朗当地消磨时间III.21).slip-slop:平淡的22).nitty-gritty:事情的真相，本质23).jimjams:害怕24).hanky-panky:欺骗25).hobnob:亲切地交谈26).namby-pamby:优柔寡断
48、的27).higgledy-piggledy:乱七八糟28).hugger-mugger:坑坑洼洼29).heebie-jeebies:神经过敏30).ha-ha:矮墙31).giggle-giggle:咯咯地笑32).pooh pooh:瞧不起33).shilly-shally:浪费时间、无所作为的事34).talky-talky:对话过多的35).walkie-talkie:背负式步话机36).mini-mini：迷你裙（超短裙）1.Translate the following into Chinese with reduplicated characters or words.1).A
49、 fresh northernly breeze whipped the sea into an angry chop.2).Then the wind changed and blew the choking smoke blanket over the Germans.3).But in that front French and British infantry did fight to the last man last round.4).Huge,riven and blazing wrecks that only minutes before had been majestic a
50、ircraft carriers settled into the glittering Pacific.5).He walked down the line shaking hands with each and mumbling a few words that were inaudible.(W.L.Shirer:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich)6).All over the south of England the skies were filled with the thunder of bombers,the howl of zooming
