1、【英语】高考英语试题真题分类汇编非谓语动词一、单项选择非谓语动词1Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.Ato useBusedCusingDuse【答案】B【解析】本题考察非谓语动词。根据句子结构,所填成分是对主句的补充说明,因此只能是作状语。再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则,判断出use与主语time之间为被动,因此直接得出答案B。句意:时间,如果使用得当的话,就是存在银行里的钱。2Hearing the news, she rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into th
2、e distance.Aleft; lain openBleft; lay openedCleaving; lie openedDleaving; lying open【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。句意:听见这个消息,她冲了出去,留在书本打开着放在桌子上,就消失在远处了。第一空leave与she构成主动关系,使用现在分词的形式。第二空the book与lie构成主动关系,还是使用现在分词的形式,open是形容词表示状态,lying open是宾语补足语,对the book进行补充说明。故D选项正确。【点睛】leave的几种用法leave除了离开之外,还有以下几种用法:一、作留下、丢下
3、、落下,常表示某物落在/忘在某地。二、 表示留给、交给,一般与介词with或to搭配。三、 leave作使役动词,表示使/ 让保持某种状态。 用形容词作宾语补足语 用不定式作宾语补足语 用现在分词作宾语补足语 用过去分词作宾语补足语 还可用名词、介词短语等作宾语补足语 四、 leave的过去分词left,常用作后置定语,表示剩下的。五、 leave还可作名词,表示休假、假期。分析句子可知,leave作使役动词,表示使/ 让保持某种状态。第一空leaving是一个现在分词做状语的用法,因为leave与he构成主动关系,就使用现在分词的形式。第二空the book与lie构成主动关系,还是使用现在
4、分词的形式,open是一个形容词表示状态,Lying open是宾语补足语,对the book进行补充说明。故D选项正确。3When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _.Ato repair bicycles Bbicycles to be repairedCbicycles being repaired Drepairing bicycles【答案】C【解析】4The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _ right from wrong.Adisting
5、uishedBdistinguishingCto distinguishDto be distinguished【答案】B【解析】试题分析:首先have difficult /trouble doing sth是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong在这个句子中,deal with的宾语是trouble,所以后面的句子是修饰trouble这个词的定语从句。考点:固定用法考查点评:对于固定用法,平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。5I looke
6、d up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.Ato windBwindCwindingDwound【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我抬头向上看,注意到一条蛇正在蜿蜒向树上爬来获取它的早餐。分析句子可知,wind its way作宾语补足语,winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行,故选C。6There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money _ fo
7、r medical research has been well spent.AusedBusingCto useDto be used【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查过去分词。句意:近年来医学取得了许多进展。这意味着用于医学研究的钱花得很值。分析句子可知,money与use在逻辑上是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选A项。7Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.AimprovedBimprovingCto improveDimpro
8、ve【答案】A【解析】宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词作宾补。8(陕西高考)I still remember_to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato takeBto be takenCtakingDbeing taken【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我仍旧记得被带去法门寺和在那里看到的。remember to do sth.“记得要做某事(该动作未发生)”;remember doing sth.“记得做过某事(该动作已经发生)”。依据后文的“what I saw there”可知这
9、里说的是记得已经发生的动作;再者take的宾语就是句子的主语,二者之间是动宾关系,应用被动形式,所以选being taken。故选D。9I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _with students.AworkingBworkCto workDworked【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意:我在海上航行和现在和学生一起工作一样快乐。分析句子可知,have fun doing sth.做某事很开心,as I now do working with students补充完整为as I now have fun working wi
10、th students。故选A。10On the third floor there are two rooms, _ used as a meeting-room.Athe larger of whichBone of themCand a larger of themDthe largest one of which【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意:三楼有两个房间,其中一个被用作会议室。如果选A项,是非限制性定语从句,从句应该用一般过去时态的被动语态,此处used是过去分词,所以A错;如果选C项,中间加and表明是并列句,the+比较级,才表示“两个当中更大的”,故C项错
11、;因为是两个房间,不可能出现最高级,故D项错;只有选B项是过去分词的独立主格结构,符合题意。【名师点睛】非谓语动词的独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构(Absolute Structure)是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语)1. 名词
12、(代词)+现在分词There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。The four of us agreed on a divisi
13、on of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。11(福建) _the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.ASpendingBSpentCHaving spentDTo spend【答案】C【解析】试题分析:“花费”和其逻辑主语“Linda”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作原因状语。且“花费”的动作明显早于“看起来成熟”这个动作。表示发生在谓
14、语动作之前的动作,用现在分词的完成时。句意:由于Linda过去几年在香港作交换留学生,所以她看起来比她的实际年龄更成熟。考点:考查非谓语动词的用法。12(山东) There is a note pinned to the door _ when the shop will open again.AsayingBsaysCsaidDhaving said【答案】A【解析】试题分析:在这个句子中note和say是主动关系,所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为:门上钉着张纸条,写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。考点:考查非谓语动词。【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根
15、据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行;done表被动表完成;to do表目的表将来。【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。先把句子简化:There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生,它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的,本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系,即表示主动意义;而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系,即被动意
16、义;如:He went to the classroom holding two books; He went to the forest , followed by two dogs.13(北京)_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceATravel BTravelingCHaving traveled DTraveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along the old Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。点睛:动名词
17、是动词-ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。14(湖南) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _ at the night sky.Ato stareBstaringCstaredDhaving stared【答案】B【解析】试题分析:考查非谓语动词用法。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I,两者之间为主动关系,故用现在分词。句意:没有比背躺在草地中间,盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。故B正确。考点:考查非谓语动词用法15A h
18、earty laugh relieves physical tension, _your muscles relaxed for over half an hour.Ato leaveBleftCleavingDleave【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:开怀大笑可以缓解身体紧张,至少可以使你的肌肉放松半小时。分析句子可知,空格处做伴随状语。且与逻辑主语laugh构成主动关系,所以用现在分词。故选C。16_ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies.AHavin
19、g exposedBBeing exposedCTo exposeDExposed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意:暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语,may influence是谓语,前面的部分应该是主语,be exposed to“暴露于”,要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。17Tsinghua University,_ in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.Afound Bfounding Cfound
20、ed Dto be founded【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意: 建立于1911年的清华大学是大量杰出人物的母校。Tsinghua University和found之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语, 选C。18A great number of students _ said they were forced to practice the piano.Ato questionBto be questionedCquestionedDquestioning【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查过去分词作定语。句意:很多被询问的学生都说他们是被迫去练钢琴的。students与quest
21、ion构成被动关系,表示被询问的学生。B项不定式表示将来,,而本句表示的是已经被询问。故选C项。19I am so thrilled to have my underwater photos _ in the National Geographic and on the cover!Ato be featuredBfeaturedCbeing featuredDto feature【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我很兴奋我的水下照片出现在国家地理杂志里和封面上。have sth done使某事被做,这是个固定用法。故选B。20Some of them, _ in rural v
22、illages, had never seen a train.Ato be born and brought upBborn and brought upChaving born and brought upDhaving been born and brought up【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他们中的一些人,在农村长大,从来没见过火车。分析句子可知,in rural villages部分为定语,修饰Some of them,与其为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式,同时也是表示一种状态,故选B。【点睛】过去分词作定语,过去分词作定语可以位于名词之前或名词之后。位于名词之前的
23、过去分词定语一般只有单个词。The new product finally passed the required test. 新产品终于通过了要求的测试。Those repeated efforts were still inadequate. 这些重复的努力仍然不足。过去分词之前还可以有副词修饰,如:The prime minister issued a cautiously worded statement this afternoon. 今天下午首相发表了一份措辞谨慎的声明。如果是过去分词短语或结构,则放在名词后作后置定语。The idea presented by Peter is
24、much simpler. 彼得提出的想法要简单得多。It is a house built by the Romans. 它是一栋古罗马人建的房屋。本题为过去分词作定语,修饰主语。21When caught _ in the exam, he begged for the teachers pardon and tried _ punishment.Acheating; escaping Bto be cheating; to escapeCcheating; to escape Dto be cheating; escaping【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在考试作弊被抓
25、着的时候,他乞求老师原谅并试图逃脱惩罚。根据句意可知,抓住的时候正在作弊,现在分词表进行,因此,第一空用cheating形式,try to do sth试图做某事,这是个固定用法。故选C。22The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.AlaidBlayingCto layDbeing laid【答案】A【解析】with + 宾语 + 动词-ing 形式(即现在分词)表示动词 -ing 形式表示动作正在发生;with + 宾语 + 动词不定式表示一个动作过程或即
26、将发生的动作;with + 宾语 + 过去分词表达被动含义。句意:客厅干净而整洁,餐桌已经为要做的饭准备好了。选A。考点:考查非谓语动词。23The purpose of the new plan is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.Anot makeBnot to makeCnot makingDdo not make【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。句意:新计划的目的是使生活更容易,而不是使生活更困难。not to make it more difficult是与to make it easier形成对比的否定
27、结构,两者在句中作表语。故选B。24_,the student insists that he be separated from his desk-mate,who is naughty.ATo avoid being affectedBTo avoid to be affectedCAvoiding being affectedDAvoiding to be affected【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了避免受到影响,这些学生坚持要求他应该和他同桌分开,(因为)他同桌非常的淘气。固定短语avoid doing sth“避免做某事”,如果为被动,则为avoid bein
28、g done,由此排除B、D;从句意来看,逗号前面部分应该是目的状语。而放句首的目的状语一般就是不定式,而不是现在分词。由此排除C,故选A。【点睛】avoid是高中要求四会的词,考生必须记牢它的用法,此题是综合考查题,既考查了非谓语动词的用法同时又考了avoid的用法,这是高考命题的趋势。insist的宾语从句的用法一般分为两种情况:1)如果insist翻译为“坚持说/坚持认为”,且宾语从句的动作为已经发生的情况,此时宾语从句采用正常的陈述语气。如:He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说/认为他是对的。2)如果insist翻译为“坚决主张/要求”,即宾语从句的动
29、作当时尚未发生,此时宾语从句必须采用虚拟语气,构成为从句谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”,其中should可以省略。如:He insisted that he (should) be praised for what he had done.3)此题中的insist所引导的宾语从句采用了虚拟语气,即he be separated. = he should be separated.25Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _.Ahurt Bspoiled Cdamaged Dharmed【答案】B【解
30、析】试题分析:考查动词辨析:句意:过分受父母保护的孩子可能会被惯坏。spoil作为动词有“宠坏,溺爱”的意思,这里用动词的过去分词作形容词。hurt指对身体或感情上的伤害;damaged指被毁坏或破坏(好像多指物);harmed指被损害,被伤害,被危害。选B。考点:考查动词辨析26 _ it many times, I still cant make Tom understand what I said.AExplainedBHaving explainedCTo explainDHaving been explained【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管我已经解释过很多次了
31、,我还是不能让 Tom 明白我说的话。explain和主语I之间为逻辑主谓关系,应使用现在分词形式;由逻辑关系:先解释后明白,应使用到现在分词的完成式形式,所以选择B项。故选B项。【点睛】分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式。27Peter was so excited _ he received an invitation from his friend _Chongqing.Athat; to visit Bwhen; to visitCthat; visiting Dwhen; visiting【答案】B【解
32、析】考查不定式和状语从句。句意:彼得收到朋友邀请他访问重庆的请帖时激动不已。When引导时间状语从句,that引导结果状语从句;to visit 限定invitation做后置定语。Visiting限定friend做后置定语,句意改变了。选B。28He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.AputBto be puttingCputtingDto put【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。句意:他环顾四周,偶然撞见一个男人把手放进了一位顾客的口袋里!catch sb doing s
33、th 偶然撞见某人在干某事,这里的现在分词是做宾语补足语,强调动作的主动和进行,故选C。29The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _on their parents laps.Aincluding; seatedBincluding; seatingCincluded; satDincluded; sitting【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词和过去分词。句意:这个大厅挤满了人,包括一些坐在父母腿上的小孩。include是介词,由其领导的这个句子是做状语成分之用.including somebody,包括某人
34、=somebody included,seated是动词+ed,其引导的seated on their parents laps是后置定语的成分,表示状态,用来修饰前面的children。故选A。30The study, from academics at Harvard, claims _ the first clear evidence showing that when temperatures go up, school performance goes downAto have producedBto produceCproducingDbeing produced【答案】A【解析】
35、【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这项来自哈佛大学学者的研究声称,它首次提供了明确的证据,表明气温上升时,在校表现会下降。claim to表示“声称做”,而且produce这个动作发生在claims之前,故A项正确。31After a decade or so, out of choices, he returned to where hed begun, ashamed at having so little to show for his wanderings.Abeing run BrunningCto run Dhaving run【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。句意:大约十年后,
36、在没有选择的情况下,他回到了他开始的地方,为自己的拼搏没有什么收获而感到羞愧。run out of “用光,耗尽” 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D选项正确。【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点,要掌握它的用法。首先,要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次,要知道非谓语动词的三种形式:现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次,要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生,还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。分析句子可知,本句的主语为he,谓语为returned,
37、run out of “用光,耗尽”为非谓语 与主语he在逻辑上是主动关系,且表示的动作明显发生在return的之前,所以用现在分词的完成时having run of。故D选项正确。32_ her before, he didnt know she was his daughter.ANot having seenBHaving not seenCNot seeingDNot to see【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:由于以前没有见过她,他不知道她就是他的女儿。he与see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示主动,而且see这个动作发生在didnt know之前,应该用现在分词的完成
38、式作原因状语,否定词放在最前面,故A项正确。【点睛】本题非谓语表示的动作与谓语之间有明显的先后关系,see这个动作发生在didnt know之前,应该用现在分词的完成式作原因状语,Not having seen=Because he hadnt seen her before。33The Water World Recreation Center has many attractions, _ from simple swimming pools to exciting water thrill rides.Aranging BrangedCwhich are ranged Dthat ran
39、ge【答案】A【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。【详解】句意:水上世界娱乐中心有许多吸引人的地方,从简单的游泳池到令人兴奋的水上惊险游乐项目。句中attractions和动词range是主动关系,此处作定语用动词-ing形式,相当于which ranged from simple swimming pools to exciting water thrill rides.故选A.34The woman, when _ how her husband was injured, began to cry.AaskedBto askCaskingDask【答案】A【解析】35The poor girl
40、, _ for not finishing homework on time, is in low sprits now.AscoldingBbeing scoldedChaving been scoldedDto be scolded【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个可怜的女孩,因为没按时完成作业而被责骂,现在情绪低落。分析句子结构可知,scold在句中做非谓语动词,且scold发生在is之前,与逻辑主语girl构成被动,故用having been done形式。故选C。36They might just have a place _ on the writing cour
41、se why dont you give it a try?AleaveBleftCleavingDto leave【答案】B【解析】此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place,被留下的留给写作课程的地方(机会)。句意:他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会,你为什么不试一试呢?【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。37The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.Ato be heardBto have heardChearingDbeing heard【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查不定式的被动语态形式
42、。句意:孩子们在饭桌旁如此大声地说话,以致于我不得不努力使得自己被听到。“struggle to do sth”意思是努力做某事;“hear”和其逻辑主语“I”之间是被动关系,故用不定式的被动形式。故选A。38A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board.AkilledBkillingCkillsDto kill【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:一家小型飞机撞上了距离城市东部五英里的一个山腰,机上四人全部丧生。Plane与kill是主谓关系,
43、应该使用现在分词表示主动,并作伴随状语。故选B。39(北京)_ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.AOrderingBTo orderCHaving orderedDOrdered【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:(因为)那些书是一周多之前订的,现在随时有可能送到。books和order是动宾关系,即order the books/the books are ordered,故用过去分词表示被动和完成,在此相当于原因状语从句because they were ordered.,故选D。【点
44、睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句;on doing sth. =as soon as sb. does sth.。2. 分词作原因状语相当于as,since,because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换,但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if, unless等引导的从句。常见的可表示条件的分词有given, supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus,thereby,only等。6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。40The park was full of people, _ themselves in the sunshine.Ahaving enjoyedBenjoyedCenjoyingDto enjoy【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:公园里挤满了人,在阳光下尽情享受。enjoy和前面没有连接词,和句子主语之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词做伴随状语。故选C。