1、一、中考英语阅读理解汇编1阅读理解 HISTORY of Hot Dog The 1600s A German called Johann Georghehner created the dachshund sausage. Dachshund is a German small long thin dog.The 1860s The very first hot dog-the dachshund sausage in a roll -was sold by Germans in New York. It became popular in the US later.1871 Charles
2、 Feltman, a German, started the first Coney Island hot dog stand. It made hot dogs known to more people.1893 Chris Von Der Ahe started the American tradition of eating hot dogs at baseball parks, making hot dogs more popular.1901 A New York cartoonist. Tad Dorgan, saw the red hot dachshund sausages
3、sold on streets. He wanted to draw a picture of it, but he wasnt sure how to spell dachshund, so he simply wrote: Hot Dog. It is widely believed how Hot Dog had its name.1949. The first vegetarian hot dogs came out.HOT DOG FUN FACTSWorld record for eating hot dogs: 73 in ten minutes. Hot dogs were o
4、ne of the first foods eaten on the moon! About 150 million hot dogs are eaten by Americans each July 4th. About 21 million hot dogs were sold at American baseball parks in 2010.New Yorkers eat more hot dogs than any other city population in the US. （1）Americans started the tradition of eating hot do
5、gs at baseball parks in _. A.1871B.1893C.1901D.1949（2）Its believed that the name Hot Dog was created by_. A.Tad DorganB.Charles FeltmanC.Chris Von Der AheD.Johann Georghehner（3）What can we know about hot dogs from the passage? A.New yorkers like eating hot dogs most in the World.B.Germans eat about
6、150 million hot dogs each July 4thC.A world record says someone ate 73 hot dogs in 10 minutes.D.About 21 million hot dogs were sold in America in the 1860s.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了热狗的历史。 （1）细节题。根据1893Chris Von Der Ahe started the American tradition of eating hot dogs at baseball parks, making
7、 hot dogs more popular，可知美国人在1893年开始了在棒球场吃热狗的传统，故选B。 （2）推理题。根据 so he simply wrote: Hot Dog. It is widely believed how Hot Dog had its name. 所以他简单地写道：热狗”。人们普遍认为热狗是如何得名的 ，可知 人们相信“热狗”这个名字是由Chris Von Der Ahe创造的，故选C。 （3）推理题。根据Yorkers eat more hot dogs than any other city population in the US 纽约人吃的热狗比美国任何
8、其他城市人口都多 ，可知纽约人最喜欢吃热狗 ， 故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。2根据短文内容，判断句子正误。 Alice was a student in a secondary school. The school was on the other side of the street from my house. Every day. I watched her play basketball after school from my house. She played very well, mu
9、ch better than any other of her classmates. And she never stopped. She practised over and over again, sometimes until it was very dark. One day, I asked her, why do you practise so hard? You are playing very well. Thats because I want to play in the city basketball team, she looked at me and said pr
10、oudly. But Im still not good enough. I must work hard. I was moved by her great courage. Another day, I saw her crying on the grass, instead of playing basketball. I walked across the street and sat down by her side. Why are you crying, girl? I asked. The coach of the city basketball team told me th
11、at I couldnt go on playing basketball because I was too short. But some days later, I saw her playing basketball again, practising even harder than before. I was curious（好奇的） and asked her the reason. My father told me if my dream is big enough, nothing can stop me. I was moved again.（1）Alices schoo
12、l was not far away from the writers home. （2）The writer was touched when he heard what Alice said in the third paragraph. （3）From the passage we know Alice was a hard-working girl. （4）Alices father told her that she was too short to go on playing basketball. （5）Alice might give up playing basketball
13、 according to the last paragraph. 【答案】 （1）1（2）1（3）1（4）0（5）0 【解析】【分析】本文讲述了Alice因为不能继续打篮球，非常难过。 （1）推理题。根据 I watched her play basketball after school from my house 放学后，我在家看她打篮球 ， 可知爱丽丝的学校离作家的家不远 ， 故正确。 （2）细节题。根据 I was moved by her great courage ， 可知当作者听到爱丽丝所说的话时，他很感动 ， 故正确。 （3）推理题。根据She practised over
14、and over again, sometimes until it was very dark她一遍又一遍地练习，有时直到天黑 ， 可知从文章中我们知道爱丽丝是一个勤奋的女孩 ， 故正确。 （4）细节题。根据 The coach of the city basketball team told me that I couldnt go on playing basketball because I was too short 教练告诉我，我不能继续打篮球，因为我太矮了，可知爱丽丝的父亲告诉她，她太矮了，不能继续打篮球是错的 ， 故错误。 （5）推理题。根据 nothing can stop
15、m没有什么能阻止我，可知爱丽丝可能会放弃打篮球是错的 ， 故错误。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。3阅读理解 The construction（建设）of highspeed railways in China began with the building of the QinhuangdaoShenyang HighSpeed Railway（HSR）in 1999.Now the highspeed rail network in China is the largest in the world. So
16、 far, there have been about 1700 kilometers of HSR in service, along with trains of an average（平均）speed of 220 km/h. Now Chinese government plans to spend $300 million building the largest and fastest HSR system in the world by 2020. Its said that the trains can run 400 km/h and create new business
17、for China and other countries through the Belt and Road.（一带一路） Its predicted that the HSR network in China will reach 30,000 kilometers and it will be like a grid, which is mainly made up of 8 longdistance highspeed rail lines: four northsouth HSR lines and four eastwest HSR lines. Except for the Qi
18、ngdaoTaiyuan HSR, all HSR lines of the railgrid are longer than 1,000 kilometers. Feng Hao, an expert, says Many markets along the Belt and Road, especially in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Eastern European countries, are planning to build HSR lines. They look forward to getting
19、technological support from China.（1） is the first HSR line in China. A.The QinhuangdaoShenyang HSR.B.The QingdaoTaiyuan HSR.C.The BeijingShanghai HSR.D.The QinhuangdaoShanghai HSR.（2）By 2020, the trains will run km/h faster than at present. A.400B.300C.220D.180（3）What does the underlined word grid i
20、n Paragraph 3 mean？ A.B.C.D.（4）What does the expert FengHao say？ A.Our country supports other countries in money.B.Many markets are not planning to build HSR lines.C.Our country plans to spend $300 million building HSR system.D.Other countries want to get technological support from our country in HS
21、R.（5）Which of the following is mentioned？ A.The first builders of HSR.B.The speed of HSR.C.The building materials of HSR.D.The ticket price of HSR.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）C（4）D（5）B 【解析】【分析】主要讲了中国政府计划建立世界上最大和最快的高铁，许多一带一路沿途的国家也打算建立高铁，他们期待着从中国获得技术支持。 （1）细节题。根据The construction（建设）of high-speed railways in China
22、 began with the building of the QinhuangdaoShenyang High-Speed Railway（HSR）in 1999. 中国的高速铁路建设始于1999年建造的秦皇岛至沈阳的高速铁路.，由此可见中国的第一条高速铁路线是秦皇岛至沈阳的这条高速铁路，故答案选A。 （2）细节题。根据So far，there have been about 1700 kilometers of HSR in service，along with trains of an average（平均）speed of 220 km/h（目前为止，已有1700公里的高速铁路干线投入
23、使用，与此同时，火车均速达到了220千米每小时）以及 Its said that the trains can run 400 km/h（据说，以后火车能够跑到400千米每小时）由此可见，未来的火车比起现在，速度将会提升180千米每小时，故答案选D。 （3）细节题。根据it will be like a grid， which is mainly made up of 8 longdistance highspeed rail lines：four north-south HSR lines and four east-west HSR lines.高速铁路网络就会像一个网格一样，主要由8条远
24、距的高速铁路线组成：四条南北走向以及四条东西走向，结合句意可知，四条南北走向和四条东西走向的铁路线，纵横交错之后，就是一个网格，故可以猜测出，grid意为网格，故答案选C。 （4）细节题。根据Many markets along the Belt and Road，especially in Central Asia，Southeast Asia，the Middle East and Eastern European countries，are planning to build HSR lines.They look forward to getting technological sup
25、port from China，许多一带一路沿途的国家，特别是中亚、东南亚、中东和西欧的一些国家，正打算建造高速铁路干线，他们期待着从中国获得技术支持，由此可见冯浩说过，许多国家正在期待着中国的技术支持，故答案选D。 （5）细节题。根据So far，there have been about 1700 kilometers of HSR in service，along with trains of an average（平均）speed of 220 km/h（目前为止，已有1700公里的高速铁路干线投入使用，与此同时，火车均速达到了220千米每小时）以及 Its said that the
26、 trains can run 400 km/h（据说，以后火车能够跑到400千米每小时），由此可见，文中提及到了高速铁路的速度，而其他三个选项中，不论是高速铁路的首创者、材料以及票价，都没有提及，故答案选B。 【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。4阅读理解 Do you want to improve your physics and chemistry grades? Well, maybe you should first learn something about the struggles （奋斗） of great scientists. The Amer
27、ican Psychological Association did an interesting study. More than 400 students from schools in New York City took part in it. The students were divided into three groups. Group 1 read a typical textbook that describes the achievements of great scientists. Group 2 read about those scientists persona
28、l struggles. For example, as a Jew, Einstein （爱因斯坦） ran away from Nazi Germany to avoid persecution （迫害）. The last group read about the scientists intellectual struggles, such as Marie Curies failed scientific tests. These stories about struggles also told students how the scientists dealt with thes
29、e obstacles（障碍） . The students took a science exam before the study. After the sixweek study, they took another. Scientists found those in Groups 2 and 3 improved their science grades. Students in Group 1 didnt see a grade increase. Some of them even had lower grades after the study. The study was l
30、ed by Xiaodong LinSiegler, a teacher at Columbia University. According to Xiaodong, kids often think Einstein was truly intelligent. They believe they will never match him.Many of them fail to realize that any success requires a long journey. Along the way, there are many failures（失败） . Students who
31、 read the struggle stories more probably said that great scientists were like themselves. The great minds also had to overcome obstacles to achieve success. Xiaodong says todays science textbooks fail to bring science to life. As a result, students seldom regard science as part of their everyday liv
32、es. Instead, they just see a long list of facts that they have to remember. Xiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed. And students should focus more on how these scientists dealt with the obstacles they met along the way.（1）According
33、 to the article, students can improve their physics and chemistry grades by _. A.reading the achievements of great scientists more carefullyB.listening more carefully to their physics and chemistry teachersC.learning about how great scientists dealt with their obstacles（2）All of the students who too
34、k part in the study _. A.were interested in physics and chemistryB.went to school in New York CityC.wanted to improve their physics and chemistry grades（3）Andy Hunt was one of the students who took part in the study. According to his report card, he was probably a member of _. Andy HuntClass 2, Grad
35、e 9Physics2018.49 862018522 79A.Group 1B.Group 2C.Group 3（4）In Paragraph Four, the word match means _ in Chinese. A.满足B.比得上C.配对（5）Xiaodong LinSiegler thinks science textbooks should _. A.tell students directly that Einstein was born a common manB.make the long lists of facts山at students have to reme
36、mber more interestingC.include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A（4）B（5）C 【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了一个有趣的研究，学生能通过读伟大科学家对付障碍的故事来提高物理和化学分数。这个研究是由Xiaodong Lin一个哥伦比亚大学的老师进行的。 （1）细节理解题。根据 The last group read about the scientists intellectual struggles, such as Mar
37、ie Curies failed scientific tests. These stories about struggles also told students how the scientists dealt with these obstacles（障碍） .以及 Scientists found those in Groups 2 and 3 improved their science grades.可知学生们通过学伟大的科学家怎样对付他们的障碍能提高他们的物理和化学，故选C。 （2）细节理解题。根据 More than 400 students from schools in
38、New York City took part in it.可知参加研究的学生都来着纽约，故选B。 （3）细节理解题。根据 Students in Group 1 didnt see a grade increase. Some of them even had lower grades after the study.可知一组的学生分数没有涨，有些研究后甚至分数更低了，可推测Andy Hunt是在一组，故选A。 （4）词义猜测题。根据 According to Xiaodong, kids often think Einstein was truly intelligent. They be
39、lieve they will never match him.可知孩子们都认为爱因斯坦真的聪明。他们认为他们从来比不上他们。可知match是比不上，故选B。 （5）细节理解题。根据 Xiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed. 可知Xiaodong认为教科书中应该包括更多的关于伟大的科学家如何努力成功的故事，故选C。 【点评】考查阅读理解题。本文涉及细节题、词义猜测题、两种常考题型，细节题要带着问题在阅读中寻找答案；词义猜
40、测题要抓住上下文，善于利用连接词、代词及词性、同义词、反义词等进行判断选择。5阅读理解 Do you often listen to music at loud volumes? You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing, according to the World Health Organization （WHO）. Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss because of listening to loud noise for long per
41、iods of time, WHO said. Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes can harm your hearing. The United Nations has standards for safe listening. It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels （dB 分贝） for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes. The sound of a busy road
42、is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB. Loud noise is harmful to the inner ear （内耳）. Most of us are born with about 16,000 hair cells （听毛细胞） in our inner ears. These cells detect （探测） sounds. However, listening to loud noise for a long time can make these cells work too h
43、ard and cause some of them to die. This is what causes hearing loss. Some people might think that their music isnt all that loud. But this can depend on where you are. For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realizing it. Later, when yo
44、u listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, you might feel uncomfortable. WHO said the safe level for most sound is below 80 decibels for up to 40 hours a week. A level of 80 decibels is roughly equal to the noise of a subway.（1）According to the story, WHO suggests that it is NOT safe to _. A.listen to music every dayB.watch TV for over an hourC.listen to loud sounds for a long timeD.go to a rock concert（2）The sound level of a busy road is about _. A.80 dBB.85 dBC.100 dBD.115 dB（3）Why can listening to loud music cause hearing problems? A.Because it puts our bra
