1、最新 高考英语任务型阅读专题练习及答案50一、高中英语任务型阅读1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month._ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. _ We know that, while awake, fresh me
2、mories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear. Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fre
3、sh memories to form the next day._ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right._ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping. If Tononis theory
4、is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences. Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The t
5、eam discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. _ You keep what matters, Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to
6、 sleep after learning.D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.F. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.G. Sleep is the price we pay fo
7、r learning, says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. 【答案】D；C；G；F；B 【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。（1）考查细节理解。根据上一句的When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉，它不到一个月就死了，可知，D项“同样，人若几天不睡觉就会生病。”最切题。故答案选D。（2）考查细节理解。结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆，而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话，考试的成绩会
8、更好。”由此可知，C项最切题。故答案选C。（3）考查推理判断。结合上文，上文提及的是一个理论，选项G中的“Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. 朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人 ”正好呼应，故答案选G。（4）考查推理判断。根据下文可知，老鼠在睡眠结束时，突触会变小18%，表明睡眠时神经元会变弱，F项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应，故答案选F。（5）细节理解。根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱，但有些神经元会保持不变，再结合下文说，你记住了最重要的事，由此可知，B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好。故答案选B。【点评】七选五题型解题技
9、巧：在答题中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把握的小题可以留待最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。2任务型阅读 You may be more interested in a boxing or yoga studio. If you are interested in variety, youll be better off goi
10、ng with a larger complex that might contain equipment for sports, for example. Pay more attention to the importance of position._So pick a sport that fits your sense when a visit would typically occur. The fitness equipment should be close to your home or workplace. Whether to make it convenient or
11、inconvenient is often one of the greatest barriers to success. Take advantage of free trials._During your visit, you want to think about the number of people using machines, the friendliness of the staff, and whether showers are offered there. _The two primary places to check for dirt and stain are
12、in the locker room and the comers of the workout rooms. Also pay attention to smell. Make sure there is a way to easily clean equipment. Talk with personnel about the busiest times and the number of members using the gym on a typical day._Learn about membership packages, extra fees and guest passes
13、for friends and family. By thoughtfully considering gyms and fitness center you can ensure you will actually like your choice and use your membership. Considering the right aspects will help you pick good equipment._A. Make sure everything is clean.B. The places should be comfortable to use.C. Good
14、health is of great importance for you.D. Its easy to ignore your body when you have a busy day.E. The fitness center you like will offer a chance to try them out.F. Find out whether they require pre-class registration or reservations.G. So you can jump into achieving your fitness goals and improving
15、 your life. 【答案】D；E；A；F；G 【解析】【分析】本文告诉你如何选择合适的运动设备来健身。如果你对多样性运动感兴趣的话，你最好选择一个更大的复杂的存放运动器材设备的地方。（在原文基础上有改动）考虑到正确的方面将帮助你挑选合适的设备，所以这样你就可以实现你的健身目标和改善你的生活。(1)根据上句：更加注意位置的重要性。可知，当你一天忙碌的时候，你很容易忽视你的身体。故选D.(2)根据上句：利用免费试用的机会。可知，你喜欢的健身中心会给你一个尝试的机会。故选E。(3)此空是段落首句，根据上下文可知用祈使句，在A/F中选。再根据下句：检查污垢和污渍的两个主要地方是更衣室和健身房的人
16、。可知，要确保一切都是干净的。根据句意可知选A。(4)根据上句：与员工谈论最繁忙的时间和每天使用健身房的会员人数。再根据空格下句：了解会员包、额外费用和朋友、家人的通行证。可知，弄清楚他们是否需要预注册或预订。故选F。(5)根据上句：考虑到正确的方面将帮助你挑选合适的设备。可知，所以这样你就可以实现你的健身目标和改善你的生活。故选G。【点评】考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。做题时，学生需注意速读全文，了解大意知主题，浏览选项，在上下文中找到信息词、句，并注意空前，空后间的逻辑关系，运用上下文所重复的关键词推断理清结构，确定答案3任务型阅读 Last week th
17、e electricity in my flat went out. I had just got home from work and was happily making my tea, when all a sudden I was surrounded by complete darkness. I tried to fix it but failed. I had to wait for an electrician to come in the morning_ I sat down to eat my half-cooked dinner. And then I wasnt re
18、ally sure what to do. My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media_So for me it was an early night. And I couldnt help but think, do we rely too much on electricity? That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity. As basic as running water_I use
19、 electricity all the time, even when its not really necessary. _It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. Not only that, but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy we will soon run out. So, shouldnt we start preparing for
20、 it now? Cutting back on our use of electricity would make losing it easier, and also save energy resources so that they could last for longer_And if everyone does the same, we can make a big difference.A. Tonight this wasnt possible.B. Obviously, we cant survive without it.C. Our over-use of electr
21、icity is a big problem.D. This left me a whole night without any electricity.E. Electricity brings us convenience and trouble.F. But really, weve grown to take electricity for granted.G. I know for sure that I could cut down on my use of electricity.【答案】 D；A；F；C；G 【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。一场突如其来的停电让作者意识到电的宝贵
22、，也使作者开始反思自己浪费电的行为。作者决定从自己做起，开始节约用电。（1）上面内容提到突然停电，“我”想修但没修好，D选项“这使我一个晚上都没有电”是上面内容的结果。故选D。（2）上一句提到：平时，我都是通过看电视，浏览社交媒体来度过晚上的（My typical evening is spent watching the TV and looking through social media），下一句提到：所以，对我而言，今天晚上是一个很早的晚上（So for me it was an early night）；A选项“今天晚上，这不可能了”是停电后的结果，承上启下。故选A。（3）上一句提到
23、，电像自来水一样是必需的（As basic as running water），下一句提到：我一直使用电，甚至当真的没必要的时候（我也用电）（I use electricity all the time, even when its not really necessary）。F选项“但是，我们把电当成了理所当然的东西”符合上下文逻辑，承上启下，故选F。（4）下一句提到：它导致了全球变暖。再结合上一段末提到的自己浪费电的情况可知，该空应指浪费电的这种现象。故C选项“我们过度使用电，这是一个大问题。”承上启下，故选C。（5）由下一句提到的“And if everyone does the sam
24、e”可知，该句应当提到需要做什么，故G选项“我知道我能削减对电的使用”符合上下文逻辑，故选G。【点评】七选五阅读解题技巧：在答题中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把握的小题可以留待最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。4任务型阅读 Why do some people feel obliged to do the craziest th
25、ings, while most of us are happy to sit on the sofa and watch their exploits on TV? Robin Styles ponders(考虑)this question. Generally, we love to watch someones bravery and drama-a single person against the wilds of nature, testing their endurance beyond belief. And our pleasure is greater because we
26、 live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour. _However, there are countless ways to test the limits of your endurance, if you should wish to do so, by attempting something unpleasant, uncomfortable or just plain da
27、ngerous. American Lynne Cox swims in sub-zero temperatures through the planets most dangerous oceans wearing only a swimsuit-for fun! According to Lynne, there is always something driving her on. At age 9, when she was swimming in an outdoor pool one day, a violent storm blew up, but she refused to
28、get out of the pool. Something make her carry on. Then she realized that, as the water got colder and rougher, she was actually getting faster and warmer, and she was really enjoying it. At age 14, she broke her first endurance record. Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even la
29、yer of body fat, like a seal. _ The famous British explorer, Sir Ranulph Fiennes, has led many major expeditions (远征) in the extreme cold, including walking right round the Arctic Circle. He has also led expeditions in the extreme heat, and discovered the Lost City of Ubar in the Omani desert. _Sir
30、Fiennes has said, If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely done it. _There is probably no such thing as a normal adventurer. Unsurprisingly, risk-takers tend to be single-minded and unusually determined people who hate the stab
31、ility and routine that most people prefer. They tend to take risks for the fun of it. The excitement becomes addictive, and they want more and more of it. Ordinary life seems boring in comparison.A. She is perfectly made for doing what she does, it seems.B. Adventurers are clearly different from the
32、 rest of us.C What she did was really beyond our imagination.D. It seems that many adventurers spend their lives trying to live up to the image of a parent.E. And most of us would prefer it to remain that way.F. Many adventurers have amazed the world with their extraordinary skills.【答案】 E；A；D；B 【解析】
33、【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了一些人喜欢以冒险为乐趣。 （1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“And our pleasure is greater because we live a comfortable and increasingly risk-free life, where the greatest test of endurance is getting to work through the rush hour.”我们过着一种舒适的、越来越没有风险的生活，和后面的转折可知，我们大多数人都希望保持这种舒适的状态。故选E。 （2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据
34、空前“Years later, experts discovered that Lynne has a totally even layer of body fat, like a seal.”可知，琳考克斯就像海豹一样脂肪层完全均匀，似乎天生就适合做她所做的事情。故选A。 （3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Sir Fiennes has said, If I am getting sick, I find a very powerful way of conquering it is to know that my father would have definitely d
35、one it. 费因斯爵士曾说过：“如果我生病了，我发现一种非常强大的战胜它的方法就是知道我父亲肯定会这么做。”，从而可以推断出，很多冒险家都是为了不辜负父母的期望。故选D。 （4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“There is probably no such thing as a normal adventurer.”可能没有所谓的“正常”冒险家，可知，冒险家显然不同于我们其他人。故选B。 【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。5请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 Robert F. Kenn
36、edy once said that a countrys GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile. With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has anno
37、yed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed(有缺陷的) concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything wa
38、s going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects. A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries m
39、easured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rou
40、nded assessment of how countries are performing. While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies
41、have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as th
42、e sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different. So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental
43、 quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being. The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improv
44、ing well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.Title: High GDP But _Well-being, a UK LessonPassage outlineSupporting detailsDifferent opinions of GDPRobert F. Kennedy believed that everything was measured by a countrys GDP except
45、 _made life worthwhile.Many people hold belief that GDP measures what is unimportant andmisses what _GDP as the measure of _is widely defied in the UK.Despite the fact the Westem world has envied the UKs for its high GDP with high_and high growth figures, over 17 million people voted to leave the Eu
46、ropean Union.A recent annual study shows that in the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of countries, which have most _transformed economic growth into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Main assessments of a countrys_Over 40_of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement.E
47、nvironmental quality or education outcomes-all things_in a persons sense of happiness.Factors considered beyond GDPPolicymakers, who dont simply worry about GDP figures, instead think_of improving happiness, can avoid forecasting doom and may even see progress.【答案】 Inadequate；what；counts/matters；success；employment；poorly；performance；varieties/ranges；resulting；highly/much 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了据GDP显示，英国拥有令西方国家羡慕的低失业率和高增长数据，但英国民众的幸福感不强，这说明GDP不能真实地反映出民众的幸福指数，政策制定者应该将精力重新集中在改善民生上，而不仅仅是担心GDP数据。 （1）考查形容词。根据第一段中的“If everything was going so well, then why di
