1、2022 年 9 月公共英语四级考试真题及答案1-20 略PartA Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandfilleachofthenumberedspaceswithONEsuitableword. WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.IntheyearsafterWorldWarII,Americanstypicallyassumedthefullresponsibilities ofadulthoodbytheirlateteensorearly20s.Mostyoungmenhad(21) schooland werewor
2、kingfull-time,andmostyoungwomenwere(22) andraisingchildren.Peoplewhogrew(23) inthiseraofgrowingaffluencewereeconomicallyserf- sufficientandabletotakecareofothersbythetimetheyhadweathered adolescence.Today,adulthoodnolonger(24) whenadolescenceends.Socialscientistsarebeginningtorecognizeanewphaseoflif
3、e:earlyadulthood. Somefeaturesofthisstageresemblecomingofage(25) thelate19thandearly 20thcenturies,(26) youthfingeredinastateofsemi-autonomy,waiting(27) theyweresufficientlywell-offtomarry,havechildrenandestablishanindependent (28) However,thereareimportantdifferences(29) howyoungpeopletoday definea
4、ndachieveadulthoodfromthoseofboththerecentandthemoredistant past.Thisnewstageisnotmerelyanextensionofadolescence,(30) hasbeen maintainedinthemassmedia.Youngadultsarephysicallymatureandoften(31) impressiveintellectual,socialandpsychologicalskills.Norareyoungpeopletodayreluctanttoacceptadult responsib
5、ilities.Instead,theyarebusy(32) uptheireducationalcredentialsand practicalskillsinanevermoredemandinglabormarket.Yet,manyhavenotbecome fullyadult,(33) theyarenotready,orperhapsnotpermitted,todo(34) .Fora growingnumber,thiswillnothappenuntiltheirlate20sorevenearly30s.In(35) ,Americansocietyw illhavet
6、oreviseupwardthe“normalageoffulladulthood, anddevelopwaystoassistyoungpeoplethroughtheever-lengtheningtransition.【答案解析】21. completedfinished【精析】此题考察句意推断。由上下文以及人生成长阶段的常识可知，此句要表达的意思是大多数年轻男性在二十岁左右已经完成学业，开始工作了，故填completedfinished 均可。22. married【精析】此题考察句意推断。由后文的 raisingchildren 可知，此句要表达的是多数年轻女性已结婚生子，故填 m
7、arried。23. up【精析】此题考察动词词组的搭配及用法。根据句意不难理解，此句的主语是在这个黄金开展时代成长起来的人们，growup 意为“成长，长大，故填 up。24. beginstartscommences【精析】此题考察前后文的构造对照。句中将“成年期与“青年期对照，后半句说的是青年期的完毕，由推测可知，前半句应为成年期的开始。整句表达的是，成年期并不随着青春期的完毕而开始，故填begins startscommences 均可。25. in【精析】此题考察介词的用法。在十九世纪末二十世纪初，用介词in ，故填 in。26when【精析】此题考察关系副词的用法。此句为 when
8、 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面表示时间的先行词“十九世纪末二十世纪初，故：填 when。27. untiltill【精析】此题考察句意推断及连词的用法。由上下文得知，此句表达的是年轻人要等到足够富有了才结婚生子，故填 untiltill 均可。28. familyhouseholdhome【精析】此题考察句意推断。由上下文可推断，此处要表达的意思是建立一个独立的家庭，故填 familyhouseholdhome 均可。29. in【精析】此题考察句意理解及介词的用法。此句要表达的是如今的青年人在定义与 实现成年期问题上与过去的人有很大不同。表达“在方面应用介词 in，故填 in。30. w
9、hich【精析】此题考察非限制性定语从句。前面主句中的“an extension of adolescence为先行词。此句意为“这个新阶段并不像群众媒体所坚持认为的那样是青少年时期的延伸，故填 which。31haveownpossess【精析】此题考察句意理解及句型构造。此句由 and 连接两个并列谓语，意为“年轻的成年人生理发育成熟，常常拥有惊人的智慧、社交技能和心理承受技能，故填 haveownpossess 均可。I32 buildingstrengthening【精析】此题考察动词短语的搭配及用法。整句句意为“年轻人忙于加强他们的教育背景，提升理论技能。buildingstreng
10、thening 意为“建立，增进，加强， 又因为 bebusy(in)doin9 的固定搭配，故填 buildingstrengthening 均可。33. becauseforsince【精析】此题考察逻辑关系。此句意为“很多年轻人还没有完全成年是因为他们还没有准备好，故填 becauseforsince 均可。34. sothis【精析】此题考察句意理解。很多年轻人没有完全成年因为他们还没有准备好这样做。sothis 指代前面的“becomefullyadult ，故填 so/this 均可。35. factreality【精析】此题考察介词短语：infact inreality“ 事实上
11、，实际上，故填fact reality 均可。PartB Directions:Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA, B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text1Inthelast30years,scienceandtechnologyhavehadatrulydramaticimpacton sports.Therearethreemajorreasonsforthis.First,newartificialmaterialshave appea
12、redandbeenusedinmanysports-sometimestorevolutionaryeffect.Second,ourdesignexpertisehas improved,partlythroughthedevelopmentofcomputersandothertechnicaltools. Weknowmoreandcanplanandpredictmoreaccuratelyinmanycriticalareas.The thirdreasonwhyscienceandtechnologyhavehadanincreasingimpactisthatthere isn
13、owthemoneyandthemotivationforthemtodoso.Inavarietyofways,sport hasbecomeverybigbusiness,andinthematterofwinningorlosing,verylarge amountsofmoneymaybeatstake.Technologyhasinfluencedspecificsportsinmanyways.Whereveracommercial massmarketisinvolved,technicalchangemaybepromotedlargelyforthesakeof change
14、,tomakethisseasonsproductseemdifferentfromthatoflastseason.An exampleofthistrendisintheendlesssearchfortheperfectsportsshoe.Anatomicallyprecisesupportfortheheelandankle,airsacsforextraspringandcomforteachyearbringapparentnewrefinements.Eveninretirement,basketballs MichaelJordanremainsoneofsportsbigg
15、estearnersbecauseofthedealhesigned endorsingtheAirJordanshoe;andoneoftherichestsportspeopleofall,thoughhis winningsthesedaysareminimal,istheveterangolferArnoldPalmer,thankstohis endorsementsofthelatestingolftechnology.Moresignificantstillinmodemsportshavebeenmoregeneraleffectsof technologicaladvance
16、.Ithasprovidedthemeansfortimingathletestothousandths ofasecond-andthemeansofreplayinganeventtocheckwhowonortoseeifabreak-ruleoccurred.Ithasputsportontelevision,somillionscanwatchwithout movingfromtheirownhomes.Ithasprovidedthemeansfortestingforillegaldrugs. Ithasalso,forbetterorworse,givensportsmena
17、ndwomenanewattitudetowards theirownbodiesencouragedalsobythehighstakes,thesponsorshipandthe feveredmediaattention.Technologyhelpsthemplanthebestdietandexercise regimes;ithascreatedheartandlungmonitorsthatmeasurestressandoxygen intake;anditallowsathletestokeepaconstantcheckontheirownphysical problems
18、andprogress.Intermsofnutrition(fuel)andtraining(maintenance),the modemsportspersonistreated-andtreatshimselforherself-likeamachine.36.Accordingtotheauthor,sporthasbecomeverybigbusinessinthesensethat Aitneedshigh-techmaterials.Bitrequiresbusinessmanagement. Citinvolvesthewideuseofcomputers. Ditseemsa
19、matterofbigmoney.37.Theexampleofsportsshoessuggeststhatthetechnologicaladvancesinmodem sportsareAencouragedbycommercialinterests. Bsupportedbyfamoussportspeople. Cattributedtobasketballperformance. Dsubjectedtocomputertechnology.38.Thetextsuggeststhatsomeoftherichsportsmen Acooperatewithcompaniestod
20、evelophigh-techsportsproducts. Bareinterestedinpromotingthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology. Careselfishlyearningmoneybypromotingnewsportsproducts.Dplayapositiveroleinpromotinghigh-techsportsproducts.39.Bysaying“themodernsportspersonis.likeamachine,theauthoremphasizes thesenseofArigidity.Binhumanit
21、y.Cpreciseness.Dautomation.40.Thestatementthatbestsummarizesthetextis Asportspeopleseekhigh-techproductsforbetterperformance. Bscienceandtechnologyhaveplayedasignificantroleinsports. Cscienceandtechnologyhavehelpedimprovethesportsenvironment. Dsomesportspeoplehavebenefitedfinanciallyfromnewtechnolog
22、y. Text2MostofusAmericanshaveavague,uneasysenseofwickedwastefulness.Wethrow outthenever-openedpackoffoodthatspastitssell-bydatebeforeansweringacall onthefourthmobilephonewehavehadinfiveyears.Wegazearoundourliving spacegroaningatthesheerquantityoflittle-usedclothing,blockingituplikea bloodclotinanart
23、erialvein.Ourdespairisgenuineatthewaywearerunningoutoftheearthsresourcesandat thefactthatwehavesomuchwhentwo-thirdsoftheworldspopulationonlyjust getenoughtoeatanddrink.Yetwefeelcompletelypowerlesstodoanythingabout it,toobusy,irritableandtiredtofocusonpracticalsteps.Fortheproblemgoesevendeeperthanmat
24、erialwastefulness:Weknowweare wastingourtime,ourbeing,ourlives.Wehavecompromisedinourchoiceofcareer, lovers,friends;weputonafacetomeetthefacesthatwemeet.Trappedin marketingcharacters,notonlyinourofficepoliticsbutinourintimaterelationships, too,weplaytoomanygames.Deepdown,weknowthatitstimetogetalife,
25、tostopbeingdistractedby pointlessconsumerism,unrealrelationships,andAffluenza-infectedcareer ambitions.Thefirststeptosalvationistounderstandhowmuchitisnotyourfault.Ifyouread VancePackards1958bookabouttheadvertisingindustry,TheHiddenPersuaders, itprovesthatlongagoretailersweredevisingwaystodeliberate
26、lydeceiveusinto confusingmixedwantswithtrueneedsinordertokeeptheconsumption bandwagonrolling.Inrecentyears,manufacturershaveintention-allyspeededup therateatwhichelectronicgoodsbecomeobsolescentandinsteadoftheproperre- paircustomerservicesthatusedtoexist,therearemerelyexpensivehelp-lines, Whenyourto
27、asterorprinterorMP3musicdevicebreaksdownafteronlyayear,it isnoaccidentthatthereisnoonewhowillrepairthem-itdcostmorethanbuying anewone,love.Sothisisaselfishcapitalistsystemwhichisdesignedtomaximizeprofitsthrough rapidturn-overofnewer,bettergoodsthatbreakdownsoonerandaredesigned tobeirreparable.Itsnot
28、yourfault!Whatyoucandoiswithdrawasmuchaspossiblefromtheconsumptiongame. Everytimeyouareabouttobuysomethingaskyourself,doIneedthis,ordoIjust wantit.?41.MostAmericans,accordingtotheauthor,feeluneasyabout Adependingtoomuchonmoderntechnology.Bfailingtosolveproblemsintheirlives. Chavingtoolittlelivingspa
29、ce.Dwastingtoomanyresources. 42.Bysayingweplaytoomanygames,theauthorwantstoshow Awearewastingourlives.Bwemaketoomanymistakes. Cwedonottakeourlifeseriously. DIwearetoobusyenjoyingourselves. 43.Tomakeourselvesfeelbetter,weshouldfirst Afigureoutwhomtoblameforourexcessiveconsumption. Bavoidmakingunneces
30、sarypurchasesinourdailylife.Cpickoutmisleadingmessagesintheadvertisement. Dexercisecautionwhenmakingabigpurchase.44.WelearnfromParagraph5that Athequalityofgoodsisgettingworserecently. Bcustomersaremoreoftenmislednowadays. Cwearedeceivedintomakingapurchase.Dadvertisershavebecomeveryclever. 45.Theauth
31、oradvisesustobuy Amorethanweneed.Bonlywhatwewant.Cmorethanwewant.Donlywhatweneed.Text3SusanBaronessGreenfieldisaBritishinstitution.Inacountrythatperceivesits scientistsaswhite-coatedeccentrics,andprobablymale,LadyGreenfieldis fashionable,extravagant,andfemale.Atleast,thatistheimageshehassoughtto pro
32、jectasapopulariserofscience.Sheisaccused,though,ofbringinganother Britishinstitution,theRoyalInstitution(RI),tothevergeofbankruptcy.TheRI,of whichshewasdirectorfrom1998untillastFriday(January8th),hasmadeherjob redundant.Shesayssheplanstorespondwithasuitforsexualdiscrimination.LadyGreenfield,aneurosc
33、ientistatOxfordUniversity,wasrecruitedtoshakeupthe twocenturyoldinstitutionbecauseshehadmadeanameforherself,particularlyon television,asoneofthepopularfacesofscience.TheRIis,inpart,amembersclub famousforitsChristmaslecturesadaptedtoajuvenileaudience,whichare broadcastontelevisioneveryyear,anditsFrid
34、ayeveningdiscourses(blackties, please,gentlemen),inwhichprominentscientistschatabouttheirworkfor preciselyanhour-nomoreandnoless-beforeeveryoneisservedteaandchocolatecake.Butitisalsoaseriousresearchlaboratory(oneofthe longest-establishedintheworld),lookingintothingslikethemedicalapplicationsof nanot
35、echnology.LadyGreenfieldsoffence,ifoffenceitbe,wastomodernizetheRIsheadquartersin May-fair,oneofthemoststylishpartsofLondon,withoutpropercostcontrol.The redecorationincludedahigh-classbarandrestaurantthatareopentothegeneral public.Sadly,theseopenedforbusinessinOctober2022-theleastfavorable momentima
36、ginableforsuchaventure.Theredecoration,whichcost22m,muchofwhichwasraisedbysellingthe institutionssharesofproperty,haslefttheRI3mindebt,andthetrustees havedecidedthatonewaytocutcostsistocutthejobofdirector.LadyGreenfield, thefirstfemaledirectorinalinethatstretchesbackthroughMichaelFaradayto HumphryDa
37、vy,seemstosuspectthatfinancialconsiderationswerenottheonly oneswhenthisdecisionwasmade.Insteadofadirector,theRIistobeledbyanewly-inventedchiefexecutiveofficer, inthepersonofChrisRofe.Mr.Rofe,whowasappointedinApril2022,hasadegree inbusinessadministration,notscience.Giventhedebt,though,perhapsan alche
38、mist,apersonwhodevoteshimselftoturningordinarymetalsintogold,would bethemostappropriatepersonforthejob.46.BysayingLadyGreenfieldisaBritishinstitution,theauthormeans Asheiswell-knowninBritain.BsheownsaBritishassociation. CsheissuingaBritishinstitution.DsheisaccusedbyaBritishinstitution. 47.Whichofthe
39、followingistrueoftheRI?AItprovidesone-hour-longclubactivitiesforfamousscientists. BItoffersspecialannualChristmaslecturesforyoungpeople.CItenjoysalonghistoryofscientificresearchinmedicine. DItmakesanameforpopularizingscienceontelevision. 48.LadyGreenfieldwasblamedfor Amisunderstandingthesignificance
40、oftheRIsmodernization. BmisjudgingtheRIsbusinessopportunitiesinLondon.CmismanagingthecostsfortheRIsredecoration. DmistimingtheopeningoftheredecoratedRI.49.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that AtheRIhassoldallitspropertyforredecoration. BtheredecorationhasunderminedtheRIsreputation. CtheRIfiredLadyGreenf
41、ieldtocutredecorationcosts. DLadyGreenfieldthoughtherdismissalunfair.50.HowdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectsoftheRIsgettingoutoffinancial trouble?AConfident.BSuspicious.COptimistic.DCautious.【参考答案】Text136D37 A38 D39 C40 BText241D42 A43 A44 B45 DText346A47 B48 C49.D50 BPartC Directions:Inthefollowin
42、gtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved,ForQuestions51-55, choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumbered blanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonot.fitinanyoftheblanks.Markyour answersontheANSWERSHEET.TheInternetandmobilephoneshavetransformedourconnectionstopeople aroundtheworld.Thistec
43、hnologyhasalso,however,ledtoawideninggendergap inpoorercountries.Foritislargelymenwhocontroltheinformationrevolution thathelpstoeducate,informandempower.Inlow-andmiddle-incomecountries,awomanis21percentlesslikelythanaman toownamobilephone,accordingtoresearchdonebyGSMA.InAfrica,womenare 23percentless
44、likelythanamantoownacellphone.IntheMiddleEastthefigureis 21percentandinSouthAsia,37percent.Thefactorsdrivingwomenslackofconnectivityvaryfromcommunityto community.Buttheendresultisalwaysthesame:disempowerment.(51) This disturbingfindingishighlightedbytheUnitedNations/OverseasDevelopment Institute-led
45、MYWorldsurvey,amajor,inclusiveglobalpoll.Respondentswere askedtoranktheirpriori-ties-includingpoliticalfreedoms,betterhealthcare, protectionfromviolenceandcrime-inmakingtheworldbetter.Theycouldvote paper,onlineorbymobilephone.(52) Thesurveyhasalreadygathered1.5millionvotes.Womenarejustaskeenasmen to
46、havetheirviewsheardengagementofflineisa50-50splitbetweenwomenand men,onlinewomenhavevotedmorethanmen,witha5248split.(53) ConsiderYemen,where121,000peoplevotedontheirmobilephones.Of those,81,000weremen.Overall,womenrespondentspickededucation,healthcareandbetterjob opportunitiesastheirtopprioritiesinm
47、akingtheworldbetter.(54) Gettingmore mobilephonesintothehandsofwomeninlow-andmiddle-incomecountrieswill notbeeasybecausethereasonsbehindtheirlackofownershiparesovaried.But therearesomesolutions.Inthesecountriestherearetypicallythreekeybarriers:Mobilephonesaretoo expensive,themonthlybillsaretoohighor
48、thereisnourgentneedtoownone. Governmentsshouldhelplowerthesebarriers.Theyshouldsetuptransparent regulatorysystemsthatwouldencouragemoremobilephoneproviderstoenterthemarket.Morecompetitionmeanslowerpricesandmoreaffordableplans.(55) Governmentsshouldalsosubsidizecomputerandsmartphoneownershipfor low-incomepeople.A.Amobilephonecanbringbenefitstowomen,andmanyoftheseweintheWest takeforgranted:personalsafety,reliableconnectiontofriendsandfamilyand accesstocommerceandjobopportunities.B.Mostimportantfora
