1、 牛津深圳版七年级上下册英语 语法教案及练习 专题学习-代词【导入】Funny storyAn Old Woman and a Boy An old woman wants to go to New York to see her son. She gets up early and gets to the station at nine oclock in the morning .When does the train come and leave? She is very worried. She stops a boy and asks him. The boy looks at th
2、e woman and says, “tu: tu: tu: ”. The old woman sits in a chair and thinks and thinks. Then she says,” Oh, I see.”【重点讲解】介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。知识点1介词的分类分类说明例词按照构词分类简单介词由一个单词构成的介词at在;before在.之前，beside旁边; between在中间；for为了，对于;in在里面，by
3、在附近;on在上;with和，用合成介词由两个词合成在一起构成的介词into到里; inside在里面; onto在之上;nearby在附近; without没有，不;within在之内短语介词由一个词组构成的，起介词作用的短语from.to到里，inside在.里面，;because of因为:in front of在中间next to紧挨着;in the middle在.中间按照词义分类时间介词after在之后;at在(点)，before在之前; by到. ; during在期间;in在(段) ;until直到地点介词above在上方;among在中间;behind在后面;below在下方
4、;off从离开;above:在正上方;under在下面方向介词across横穿;into到里;onto到之上;through穿过，to到；;towards朝方式介词by借助，in用，with用其他介词beside:包括在内; except除了; due to由于; instead of而不是知识点2 时间介词介词用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 语at 表示在某个时刻或是瞬间 用在节假日前表示“在期间” 用于某些固定搭配I usually get up at half past six.Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas.at noon; at nigh
5、t; at midnighton表示在具体的某一天或具体到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等I like visiting friends on Sundays.The accident happened on a rainy evening.in 用于月份、季节、年、年代、世纪等 泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上“in+时间段”，表示“在之后”，常用于一般将来时态in January; in summer; in the 1990sin the morning / afternoon / eveningShe says that her mother will be back _ (两个小时后) .du
6、ring在期间during the summer holidaysbefore在之前He will be back before suppertime.after“after+具体时刻”表示“在之后”“after+时间段”不与将来时连用。after three oclock / lunch / AugustHe will arrive _ (after / in) an hour.since后接时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自从以来”He has taught English since 2001.I havent seen him since he left last time.for后接时间
7、段，表示“持续一段时间”He has lived here for eight years.till / until 表示持续到某个时候 not until 意为“直到才”It may last till / until next Friday.We cant get off the bus until it stops.fromfrom to 意为“从到”We go to school from Monday to Friday.by 表示“在之前”、“不迟于” 表示“到为止”You must be here by ten oclock tomorrow.by the end of last
8、 year / next year; by now练一练：1. Children get gifts _ Christmas(圣诞节) and _ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on2. A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since3. He suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during 4. My grandfather
9、was born _Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of5. The train is starting _five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. still6. Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on7. Children wake up very early _the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at 知识点3 地点、方
10、位介词介 词图 示意 义例 句1in在之内The students are reading in the classroom.学生们在教室里读书。2on在上面The boat is on the river.那条船在河上。3beneath在下面(紧贴着表面)The sun is now beneath the horizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。4over在（正）上方There are several bridges over the river.河上有好几座桥。5under在（正）下方The boat sailed under the bridge.船在桥下行驶。6above在上方The
11、 plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。7below在下方The sun sinks below the horizon.太阳沉没在地平线下。8by / beside在旁边Tom is sitting by / beside the window.汤姆坐在窗户的旁边。9near在附近I dont need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。介 词图 示意 义例 句10next to紧挨My best friend sits next to me in class.上课时我最
12、好的朋友坐在我的旁边。11behind在后面Olive hid behind a tree.奥列弗藏在一棵树后面。12outside在外面He parked his car outside the theater.他把汽车停在剧场外面。13to到去We walked to the fruit shop.我们步行到水果店。14from从来We traveled to London from Edinburgh.我们从爱丁堡旅行到伦敦。15(a)round围绕We all sat around the table.我们都围绕着桌子坐。16between在之间（指二者）The letter B is
13、 between A and C.字母B在A和C之间。17among在之间（指三者或三者以上）The house stands among the trees.房子在树丛中。18across横过、越过(从表面跨过)If the road is busy, dont walk across it.如果道路拥挤，就不要横穿马路。19through穿过(从内部穿过)We drove through the tunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。20past / by从旁边经过/ 路过I went past / by a bakery on my way home.我在回家的路上经过了一家面包店。21on
14、to到上The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.人们把篮子运上卡车。22into到里They put the apples into the baskets.他们把苹果放进篮子里。23out of从出来Dont look out of the window in class.上课时不要朝窗外看。24along沿着Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿着这条街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到邮局。at, in, on表示地点的用法：at表地点时，指空间位置上的
15、某一点，后面常接小地方。at the bus stop；in表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内，后面接大地方。in shanghai；on表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等。on the table等。in, on, to表示方位的用法：范围之内用in；相邻、接壤用on；不相邻或隔海相望用to。知识点4 手段、方法介词介词用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 语by by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具” by doing sth.：“通过某种方式”He goes to school by bus every day.I learn English by listening to the r
16、adio.in in+语言类名词：“用某种语言” in+工具：“用某种工具或材料”Can you say it in English?Dont write it in pencil. Write it in ink.with with+工具：“用某种工具或材料” with the help of：“在的帮助下”I often do my homework with a pen.With the help of him, I won the match.on通过某个设备He listens to music on the radio.知识点5 其他常用介词介词用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 语ab
17、out 大约“关于”，只表示“和有关”There are about 60 pupils in my class.I want to tell you a story about animals.on“关于”，多表示内容具有专门性，是严肃的和学术性的Its a book on animals. 这是一本论及动物的书。(学术专著)like“像一样”He talked to me like his father.as“作为；以的身份”，后跟表示职业、职务的名词As a volunteer, I must try my best to help you with your problems.exce
18、pt“除之外”，指从整体中除去一部分We are all here except Li Ming.（李明不在这儿）besides“除之外还有（包括在内）”We are all here besides Li Ming.（李明在这儿）with表示伴随，意为“和一起”I went to plant trees with my friends.without表示“没有”，常作状语He left without saying a word.for 表示目的，意为“为了” 表示原因、理由He came here for a cup of tea.Sanya is famous for “Tianya H
19、aijiao”.towards“朝方向”A dog is running towards me.off“离开，脱离”Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。against靠着；反对He is sleeping soundly against a tree.instead of“代替”I went swimming instead of watching TV.because of“因为”，表示原因I didnt go out because of the bad weather.【课堂小结】1. 介词的分类:_2. 时间介词:_3. 地点，方位介词:_4. 表示方法，手段介词:_5.
20、 其他常见介词:_【真题链接】( )1.As two women walked into a New Jersey hospital, they laughed. It showed the love that had held them together _26_ forty years as best friends.A. in B. for C. since D. with( )2.I couldnt do it _ your great help. Thanks a lot! A. with B. without C. for D. to( )3.The smaller potatoe
21、s moved to the bottom, the larger potatoes rose to the top and the medium potatoes rested 13 the middle.Aon Bin Cwith Dbuy( )4. “Go and make me a cup of tea for a start, _8_ sugar and milk,” Grandma said. A. in B. with C. of D. for【实战演练】选择正确答案( )1. You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A. acr
22、ossB. under C. over D. through( )2. Heilongjiang Province is _ the northeast of China. A. to B. in C. on D. at( )3. Jim sits behind me, so I sit _ him.A. at the top ofB. at the end ofC. in the middle ofD. in front of( )4. More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work _ underground.A. in B. w
23、ith C. by D. for( )5. Gina, whats this _ English?A. byB. forC. inD. with( )6. We can save money _ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.A. byB. toC. forD. with( )7. Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her?Of course. She was tall and thin _ long hair.A. inB. withC. onD.
24、for( )8.Wild animals are our friends. We shouldnt kill them _ food or clothing.A. inB. withC. aboutD. for阅读理解A One day John took two of his friends into the mountains. They put up their tents (帐篷) and then rode off to a forest to see how the trees were growing.In the afternoon when they were about t
25、en kilometres from their camp(营地), it started to snow. More and more snow fell. Soon Bob could hardly see his hands before his face. He could not find the road. John knew there were two roads. One road went to the camp, and the other went to his house. But all was white snow. Everything was the same
26、. How could he take his friends back to the camp?John had an idea. The horses! Let the horses take them back! But what would happen if the horses took the road to his house? That would be a trip of thirty-five kilometres in such cold weather!It was getting late. They rode on(一直骑) and on. At last the
27、 horses stopped. Where were they? None of them could tell. John looked around（环顾四周）. What was that under the tree? It was one of their tents!( ) 1. John and his two friends went to the forest to _. A. build their camp B. find their way home C. enjoy the mountains in the snow D. watch the trees in th
28、e forest( ) 2. They could not find their way back because _. A. there was only one road to their camp B. they couldnt decide which of the two roads led to their tents C. there were no roads in the mountains at all D. everything was covered by the white snow( ) 3. It is clear that they wanted the hor
29、ses to take them to _. A. Johns house B. the camp C. the forest D. the mountains( ) 4. The horses stopped because_. A. it was getting late B. they were tired after running for a long wayC. they knew that they had got to the camp D. they had seen Johns house( ) 5. The story happened _. A. on a cold w
30、inter day B. on a dark snowy evening C. in a cold camp far from villages D. at night when nothing could be seen BMr. Johns went into his tea shop again one morning, and sat on one of the seats at the counter (柜台). Many other people also came in, but most of them did not stay long. After fifteen minu
31、tes, a young man and a young woman came in. There were only two empty seats at the counter; one on Mr. Johns left, and the other on his right. The young man sat on one, and the young woman on the other, but Mr. Johns immediately (立刻) asked to change places with him so that the man and the woman coul
32、d be together. “Oh, that isnt necessary(需要),” the young woman said. But Mr. Johns insisted (坚持). When the young man and the young woman were sitting side by side, the young man said to her, “well, this kind old man wanted us to sit together, so may I introduce(介绍) myself? My names jack. What s yours
33、?”( ) 1. One morning Mr. Johns came into the tea shop and_ .A. sat close to the counterB. found no seat for him to sit on because many people came alsoC. seemed to stay longer than all the other peopleD. gave his seat to the young man and the young women( ) 2. After the young man and the young woman
34、 came in _ .A. Mr. Johns thought they came too earlyB. Mr. Johns thought they were friends or husband and wifeC. The young man asked Mr. Johns to change placesD. they wanted to be together( ) 3.When the young woman said, “that isnt necessary.” Mr. Johns_ .A. didnt understand herB. knew well what she
35、 meantC. was afraid not to change places with herD. decided to stay a little longer( ) 4. _before Mr. Johns met them in the tea shop.A. The young man got to know the young woman outsideB. The young man and the young woman didnt know each otherC. was afraid not to change places with herD. decided to
36、stay a little longer ( ) 5. Which of the sentences is true? . A. Mr. Johns came to this tea shop for the first timeB. Most of the people didnt leave the shop until it was closedC. There were no other empty seats at the counter except the two beside Mr. JohnsD. it seemed that the young woman wanted t
37、o change places with Mr. Johns.【课后作业】选择正确答案( )1.The twins got on well their classmates.A. to B.in C. with D.about( )2.They will have a maths test two days.A. for B.at C.in D.after( )3.I learn French the radio every day.A. on B.in C.from D.at( )4.Its good manners to wait line.A. in B.on C.at D.with(
38、)5.Its a bad manner to laugh people when they are troubleA. over, in B.at, in C.in, at D. at, for( )6.I cant do this work well Toms help.A. under B.for C.without D.from( )7.The policeman was surprised the news.A. into B. for C. at D. out of ( )8.Edison was very interested science when he was a boy.A. to B. on C. in D. about
