1、牛津译林版八年级下册8BUnit5- Unit6同步讲练【知识梳理一】1. Second, dont cut in on others. (P64) 第二，不要打断其他人。cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴例：She always cuts in when other people are talking.【拓展】cut down砍倒；减少, 削减 cut off切断，割断，剪断 cut out切去,切除；剪下例：If you cut down all the trees you will ruin the land.I have decided to cut dow
2、n my smoking.She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.I cut this article out of the newspaper. 【拓展】n伤口，划口例：Using sharp scissors make a small cut in the material. 2. leave the tap running (P65) 水龙头一直在流leave vt.(1) 使处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过
3、去分词等作宾语补足语。 现在分词作宾语补足语例：What he said left me thinking deeply. 形容词作宾语补足语例：His illness left him weak. (2) 离开；脱离 leavefor 离开前往 例：Ill leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.(3) 遗忘；丢下 leave sth.+地点 例：I left the book at home.注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调地点。如：例：Sorry, I forgot my English b
4、ook. I left it at home.【拓展】 过去分词作宾语补足语例：The moving story left him unmoved. 副词作宾语补足语例：What has left him away for so long?介词作宾语补足语例：This matter left her without a way of hope. 3. queue for your turn (P65) 排队等待 queue v. 排队等候例：We should queue up at the ticket office.n. 队伍 短语in a queue意为“成一排（队、行列）”，和in l
5、ine意思相近；例：jump the queue 插队Why did you jump the queue just now? turn n. 顺序,轮流 Itsonesturntodosth.轮到某人做某事, 例：Itsyourturntomakeadecision. takeonesturntodosth.=dosth.inturn= dosth.byturns 轮流做某事例：Thenursestookturnstoattendthepatient.= Thenurseslooked afterthepatientinturn/byturns.vt. 旋转turndown 关小 turnu
6、p 开大/出现 turnon 打开 turnoff 关(水源、煤气、电灯等)turnin 上交 turn.into. (使)成为 linking-v. 变得例：turngreen/yellow变绿/黄了4. Whats the proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66) 简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？ 动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。例：I have a lot of homework to do. the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事
7、的方式或方法例：Its the best way of studying / to study English. There are different ways to do / of doing it. 【知识拓展】in a way 在一定程度上，从某方面说 on the way 在路上 by the way 顺便说，顺便问 in the way 有时也可说成 in sbs way 挡路，碍事 greet sb 欢迎某人greet sb. with sth.用问候某人greetings名词，问候5. British people say “hello” or “nice to meet yo
8、u” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。 shake 过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking【常用短语】shake ones hands 握某人的手 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手wave ones hands 挥某人的手 wave to sb. 向某人挥手 hand vt.【常用短语】hand in 上交，交上去(给老师或上级) hand out 散发，分发hand sb sth / han
9、d sth to sb 把某物递给某人6. British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss. 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。close vt/vi. 关闭，盖上，合上 反义词为open例：She closed the door softly. adj. 近的，接近的(+to) 。 例：His house is close to the factory. (关系)密切的,亲密的。例：She is a close friend of theirs. adv. 接近,靠近地(+to)。如：They live c
10、lose to the museum. 紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind. 【拓展】closed adj. 关闭的 反义词为open例：He likes sleeping with the window closed.7. Also, if they bump into someone in the street, theyll say “sorry”. (P67) 同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。bump into 撞上，碰上【知识拓展】fall into 落入，陷入 run into 撞上，碰上break into 破门而入，非法
11、进入 turninto 把变成8. British people are very polite at home as well, arent they?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?【辨析】too, also, either, aswell, aswellas too是个常用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。例：IminRow1，too also是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它经常放在句中，位于行为动词之前；位于系动词，助动词或情态动词之后。例：Mrs.GreencanalsosingthesonginChineseTheyalsohavefishshopsin
12、thatsmalltown either表示“也”时一般只用于否定句，且只置于句末。例：IdontknowhimTomdoesntknowhim，either aswell常用于口语，用法和too一样，通常位于句末，它前面通常不用逗号。例：SheisateacherandasingeraswellIknowJapaneseaswell aswellas(1) 常用来连接两个并列的成分,作“也,还”解。它强调的是前一项,后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时,谓语动词与前一项一致；而用notonly.butalso.连接时,谓语动词与后一项一致。例：Yourwifeaswellasyouisfr
13、iendlytome.Notonlyyoubutalsoyourwifeisfriendlytome.Electricenergycanbechangedintolightenergyaswellasintosoundenergy.(2) 用来表示同级比较,指“一样好”。例：Heplaystheguitaraswellasyou.9. Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72) 帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。explain vt./vi. explain to sb. sth. = explain sth. to sb.
14、 例：He explained to me the difficult maths problem.= He explained the difficult maths problem to me.Tom kept his little brother from bothering him.10. Sorry, I didnt notice that sign just now. (P73) 对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。notice vt. 注意到，留心，看到 notice sb. do sth. notice sb. doing sth.例：Did you notice Jack co
15、me in? Did you notice his hand shaking? notice n. 布告，公告，启事 可数名词例：There is a notice on the office gate saying No Parking. 作名词常用的词组有： take notice of sb./sth. 注意某人/某物例：Take notice of what they say. take no notice of sb./sth. 不理会某人/某物例：Take no notice of his angry words-he is not well. 11. Everybody will
16、 be lucky or successful sometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。 successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 success n. 成功 succeed vi.成功如：His success makes me want to be successful in the near future.Weallwanttosucceed.常用短语：be successful at sth. = do sth. successfully = succeed in sth./ doing
17、 sth. sometime adv. 在某时【辨析】sometimes/ some times/ sometime/ some time基本含义记忆口诀sometimes 有时sometimes/some times：相聚是“有时”；分开是“几次”some times 几次；几倍sometime 在某时sometime/some time：相聚是“某时”；分开是“一段”some time 一段时间例：Tom goes to school on foot, but sometimes by bike.Our school is some times larger than theirs. Ma
18、ry will be back sometime in October. Ill stay here for some time. 12. Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。risk vt. 冒的危险；使冒风险（或面临危险）常用短语：risk sth /doing sth 冒什么危险/冒险做某事。例：He risked walking alone in the dark.risk n. 危险，冒险常用短语：at risk 在危险中 at the risk of 冒.之险; 不顾.之风险 run/take the r
19、isk of doing sth. 冒险做某事例：Wed better not run the risk of catching a cold by walking without an umbrella in the rain. 13. Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。 as用法小结 (1) 作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。 例：YoumustdoeverythingasIaskedyouto.(2) 作介词，表示“作为；当作”。 例：Asapartymember,Imustbestrictwithmyself (3) 作连词，引导时间状
20、语从句。意为“当的时候”。 例：Shesingsasshewalks (4) 用于一些固定搭配。 1) as.as.与.相同的程度；与.等同 例：Thedressistwiceasexpensiveasthat 2) aswellas同（一样也）；和；还例：OnSunday, hislandladyprovideddinneraswellasbreakfast 3) such.as像这样的；suchas例如例：Suchsimpleactionsaseatingdrinkingbecomedifficult.Iboughtalotoffruits,suchasapples,oranges,ban
21、anasandsoon saying谚语常见的谚语有：Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。Burn the candles at both ends. 操劳过度。The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。Many hands make light work. 众
22、人拾柴火焰高。Every dog has its day. 人人都有得意日。Put all your eggs in one basket. 孤注一掷。The grass is always greener than the other side. 这山看着那山高。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。Its never too old to
23、 learn. 活到老，学到老。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。14. Above all, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready. (P77)最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。above all 最重要的是例：Above all, it needs a
24、 wise decision.at the table 在桌子旁有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。例： at table 在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁in class 在上课 in the class在班级中go to school 去上学 go to the school到那所学校去go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed到床那边去in front of 在的前面 in the front of在的前部.15. Im training to be a volunteer for the Olympic Games.(P78)我正在训练成为奥林匹克运动会的
25、志愿者。 train vt.& vi. 训练，锻炼，培养; train to be=trainas把训练成.例：His mother wants to train his son to be a astronaut.【词汇拓展】n. training 练习；锻炼。n.火车；列车。复数：trains；例：Ialmostmissedmytrain.【短语】by train 坐火车 on a train 在火车上 take a /the train to some place 乘坐火车去地方 volunteer n. 志愿者，志愿兵 复数：volunteers例：The volunteers for
26、 Olympics are all helpful.vt.&vi.自愿去做;当志愿兵;志愿提 volunteer to do sth 志愿做 volunteer for sth 志愿例：They volunteered to offer service during Olympic games.volunteer /voluntary adj.自愿的，志愿的;例：Last Sunday, my classmates and I went to the park for collecting waste, we all do the volunteer /voluntary cleaners.1
27、6. Its meaningful to do something for the Olympics. (P78)为奥林匹克做些事是很有意义的。meaningful adj. 有意义的; 反义词 meaningless例：Its a meaningful job to work here.【词汇拓展】mean n. 复数：means 方式；手段adj.吝啬的;刻薄的; (+about/over/with) 例：Her husband is very mean about money.v. 意味着；打算; mean doing sth. 意味着做某事例：Being a student means
28、 studying hard. Success means working hard. mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事例：What do you mean to do with it? We mean to call on you tomorrow. 17. blind; deaf; disabled; elderly; homeless; poor (P79) blind adj. 瞎的 【短语】be blind to 对. 视而不见 turn a blind eye to 对.视而不见 例：He is blind to something strange.The poli
29、ce have turned a blind eye to the matter.The blind are hopeful to get some money under the help of the charities. deaf adj. 聋的【短语】be deaf to 对. 充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to对. 充耳不闻例：He was deaf to my advice.She turned a deaf ear to our warnings and got lost.The deaf has difficulty in hearing. the+某些形容词 表示
30、一类人，谓语动词用复数the deaf 聋人 the blind 盲人 the dead 死者 the living 活着的人the young 年轻人 the old/ the elderly老人 the strong 强者 the weak 弱者the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the homeless18. Liu Ming did not know what to expect when he volunteered for the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Shanghai, back in O
31、ctober 2007.(P80)刘明并没有想在2007年10月底的上海夏季残奥会做志愿者工作中得到些什么。expect vt.&vi.期望;预料;【短语】expect to do sth 期盼做某事 expect sb to do sth 期盼某人做某事I expect so. 我想会的 expect that 期盼例：I didnt expect to find you here.He expected her to go with him.I expect that I will be back on Sunday.I dont expect that he has done such
32、a thing.19. The Special Olympics World Summer Games give children and adults with intellectual disabilities a chance to show their skills to the world. (P80) 夏季残奥会给有智障的孩子和成人向全世界展示他们技能的机会。 intellectual adj. 智力的；有才智的 physical adj.体力的 mental adj. 精神的n. 知识分子；脑力劳动者 复数：intellectuals disability n. 无能；残疾 复数
33、：disabilities例：Wehavemanyareasofillness and disabilities.【辨析】able, ability, unable, disabledable adj. 能够的 短语：be able to=can 反义词：unable例：He is able to pass the exam.ability n. 能力 例：His ability is stronger than mine.disabled adj. 残疾的例：We should give seats to the disabled people on the bus. chance n. 机
34、会，机遇;偶然，运气 复数：chancesThere is a chance to do sth. / for doing sth. 有机会做某事 by chance 偶然地例：There is a chance to work here if you like.I met my old friend by chance in the street last week.20. Over 40,000 people gave up their spare time for the 2020 Special Olympics World Games.(P80) 超过4万人放弃他们的业余时间去看20
35、20年残奥会。give up 放弃 give up doing sth例：We shouldnt give up easily when we have trouble.He gave up teaching only two years ago. give相关短语give up 放弃 give off 发出，放出(蒸汽、气味等) give out 分发；用完，用尽 give away 送掉, 泄露 give back 归还, 恢复 give in 投降, 屈服, 让步give way to 让路,让步up相关短语stand up 起立 get up 起床 pick up 拾起，捡起 look
36、 up 查找（资料），向上看 turn up 调大音量 put up 举起，抬起；张贴eat up 吃光 use up用光 set up 建立，设立 bring up 养育 21. donate(P84) 捐献donate vt.& vi.（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠;献（血）;捐（血）;捐献（器官）【短语】donate money to向.捐钱例：I candonateone hundred dollars to people in need. 【词汇拓展】n. donation 捐赠;捐献;【知识梳理二】语法1. be+adj.+enough+to do sth. （某人、某物）足够.做某事例：
37、Im tall enough to reach the top of the tree. 【拓展句型】be+adj.+enough+for sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说“（某人、某物）足够.做某事 enough作形容词，意思是“足够的;充分的”。作定语置于被修饰的名词前后均可，前置时强调enough，后置时强调被修饰词。例：Five men will be quite enough.I have enough books now. = I have books enough now. enough作副词的意思是 “十分地;充分地;足够地;充足地”，置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后，常与
38、不定式或介词for连用 ，在句子中作状语，表示程度。如：例：Mum, I think Im well enough to get back to school.【拓展】enough作感叹词时意思是“够了;停止;住手;不要再继续了”，用以表达不耐烦或恼怒。例：Youve been practicing the violin all afternoon. Enough! 2. too.to.结构和用法 too. to.表示“太而不能”。too 的后面接形容词或副词的原级，to 的后面接动词原形。too. to.句型是简单句。例：He is too young to join the army. t
39、oo. to. 结构表达肯定的意义(1) too 前面含有表示否定意义的词，如: not, never, nothing等时，too. to. 结构不表示否定的意义。例：It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。(要学永远都不迟。)(2) too后接表示感情的形容词，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等时，too. to.句型不再表示否定意义，而表示的是肯定意义。例：He is too sad to hear the bad news. too. to. 结构与enough.to. 结构的相互转换将too.to.结构转换为enough. to
40、. 结构时，要注意：(1) enough 前的形容词或副词应是too前面形容词或副词的反义词；(2) enough. to. 句式须用否定式；例：She is too young to do the work. = She isnt old enough to do the work. 3. It is +adj. +to do sth. 做事怎么样在此句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式部分，由于主语较长，为了避免头重脚轻，用it做形式主语。有时it还可作为形式宾语，代替较长的宾语部分。例：It is great to be with you.I find it interesti
41、ng to watch the action film.拓展句型：It is +n.+to do sth.例：It is a good idea to have a shower now.4. It is +adj. +for sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说做事怎么样此结构是一个陈述句, 表示说话人对客观事件的决断, 比较正式。这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous,(im)possible等。例：Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.Its difficult for us to finish the work. 5. It is +adj. +of sb.+to do sth. 对某人来说做事怎么样此句型在英语中运用较为频繁,尤其在口语中。该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，其实相当于感叹句。例： Its very kind of you to help me. 该句型中用作表语的形容词常见的有如下几类: 表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词,有clever, wise, foolish, stupid, silly等例
