1、12Toni Morrison Born:February 18,1931(1931-02-18)Lorain,Ohio,United States Occupation:Novelist,Writer Genres:African American literature Notable work(s):Beloved,Song of Solomon Notable award(s):Nobel Prize in Literature 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1988 3 Her novels are known for their epic theme
2、s,vivid dialogue,and richly detailed black characters.4 Morrison began writing fiction as part of an informal group of poets and writers at Howard University who met to discuss their work.She went to one meeting with a short story about a black girl who longed to have blue eyes.The story later evolv
3、ed into her first novel,The Bluest Eye(1970).5 Although her novels typically concentrate on black women,Morrison does not identify her works as feminist.She has stated that she thinks“its off-putting(令人不快)to some readers,who may feel that Im involved in writing some kind of feminist tract.I dont sub
4、scribe to patriarchy,and I dont think it should be substituted with matriarchy.I think its a question of equitable access,and opening doors to all sorts of things.6Social Background The story in this novel happened in 1940s.Although slave system had been cancelled,Black had been unable to get rid of
5、 racial discrimination that exists in every corner of American society.This discrimination is grimly dominant in the mind of the White and the Brown.7the Bluest Eye Character:Pecola Breedlove Geraldine Junior The cat Louis8 The story of eleven-year-old Pecola Breedlove,the tragic heroine of Toni Mor
6、risons haunting first novel,grew out of her memory of a girlhood friend who wanted blue eyes.9the Bluest Eye Pecola lives with her alcoholic father and embittered,overworked mother in a shabby storefront that reeks of the hopeless destitution that overwhelms their lives.Each night Pecola prayed for
7、blue eyes.In her eleven years,no one had ever noticed Pecola.But with blue eyes,she thought,everything would be different.She would be so pretty that her parents would stop fighting.Her father would stop drinking.Her brother would stop running away.If only she could be beautiful.If only people would
8、 look at her.10Themes The importance of family and community The innocence of children Seeing versus Being seen Sexual Initiation and abuse Powerlessness of Women and children and child molestation The cyclical nature of racism Whiteness is the standard of beauty 11motifs Dirtiness and Cleanliness W
9、hiteness and Coloredness Ugliness and Beauty 1213 Structure Paragraph 1-9 the debut and description of“the brown girls”.Paragraph 10-53 a small incident between the heroine Pecola Breedlove-a black girl and a boy and his brown mother.14Mobile Mobile is the third most populous city in the Southern US
10、 state of Alabama and is the county seat of Mobile County.It is located on the Mobile River and the central Gulf Coast of the United States.15Mobile From top:Pincus Building,Old City Hall and Southern Market,Fort Cond,Barton Academy,Cathedral Basilica of the Immaculate Conception,and the skyline of
11、downtown Mobile from the Mobile River.16Aiken Aiken is a city in and the county seat of Aiken County,South Carolina,United States.With Augusta,Georgia,it is one of the two largest cities of the Central Savannah River Area.It is part of the Augusta-Richmond County Metropolitan Statistical Area.Aiken
12、is home to the University of South Carolina at Aiken.The population was 25,337 at the 2000 census.Aiken was recognized with the All-America City Award in 1997 by the National Civic League17Aiken County Courthouse18Newport News Newport News is an independent city in the Hampton Roads metropolitan are
13、a of Virginia.It is at the south-western end of the Virginia Peninsula,on the north shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffs Creek along many miles of waterfront to the rivers mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads.19City Center at Oyster Point20Marietta Marietta
14、is a city located in central Cobb County,Georgia,and is its county seat.As of the 2000 census,the city had a total population of 58,748,making it one of metro Atlantas largest suburbs.Census estimates of 2008 indicate a population of 67,021.Marietta is the third-largest of three principal cities(by
15、population)of and is included in the AtlantaSandy SpringsMarietta,Georgia,metropolitan statistical area,which is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville,Georgia-Alabama(part)combined statistical area.21Cobb County courthouse in Marietta22Meridian Meridian is the county seat of Lauderdale C
16、ounty,Mississippi.It is the sixth largest city in the state and the principal city of the Meridian,Mississippi Micropolitan.Statistical Area.Along major highways,the city is 93 mi(150 km)east of Jackson,MS;154 mi(248 km)west of Birmingham,AL;202 mi(325 km)northeast of New Orleans,LA;and 231 mi(372 k
17、m)southeast of Memphis,TN.23Meridians Gateway to Downtown,the 22nd Ave Bridge24Downtown Meridian in the early 1900s25Meridian Museum of Art26Nagadoches Nagadoches is a city in Nacogdoches County,Texas,in the United States.The 2010 census recorded the citys population to be 32,996.It is the county se
18、at of Nacogdoches County and is situated in East Texas.Nacogdoches is a sister city of Natchitoches,Louisiana.27Historic downtown Nagadoches28Nagadoches City Hall29Nagadoches Historic Town Center Museum30Baton Rouge Baton Rouge is the capital of and second-largest city in Louisiana,United States.It
19、is located in East Baton Rouge Parish.Baton Rouge is a major industrial,petrochemical,medical,and research center of the American South.The Port of Baton Rouge is the ninth largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped,and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handlin
20、g Panamax ships.31Baton Rouge City Hall 32Baton Rouge River Center33Lorain,Ohio Lorain is a city in Lorain County,Ohio,United States.The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie,at the mouth of the Black River,about 30 miles west of Cleveland.34Lorain,Ohio35Para.2 Brown girls Some b
21、lack people have lighter skins than other black people because of their mixed blood.Many of them are descendents of former slaves who were house servants.Working in the house rather than in the fields,they were closer to their white slave owner than the field Negroes.It was a common thing for a whit
22、e master to have babies with black maids.These house servants usually felt superior to field Negroes.36hollyhock蜀葵 The hollyhocks h:lh:k make up about 60 species of flowering plants in the genus Alcea(l-ce-a)in the mallow family Malvaceae,native to southwest and central Asia.They are biennial or sho
23、rt-lived perennial plants growing to 3.5 m tall,with broad,rounded,palmately lobed leaves and numerous flowers,pink or yellow in the wild species,on the erect central stem.37Porch swings are an American classic.(摇椅）38rooster comb:cockcomb,鸡冠花鸡冠花bleeding heart：a common garden perennial plant with the
24、unique flowers which resemble tiny pink or white hearts withdrops of blood at the bottom 荷包牡丹荷包牡丹Ivy:常春藤常春藤mother-in-law tonguet:a tropical perennial plant.tongue=the flower contains a kind of liquid which is fatally poisonous.Those who take a small portion of it will suffer from a paralysis in voca
25、l cords.虎尾兰虎尾兰snap bean:四季豆，云豆四季豆，云豆lbs:lbs:磅磅39 Lifebuoy soap,Cashmere Bouquet talc,Jergens Lotion,Dixie Peach:These are toilet articles which cost more and represent more prestige,and are used by middle-class white people.40Buttercake:a plain cake made of flour,sugar and butter.黄油蛋糕vanilla vnl:香草s
26、econd soprano spr:n：第二女高音 choir kwar：唱诗班，合唱队41Para.3 land-grant college:政府资助的低学费大学政府资助的低学费大学 home economics:a science and art of homemaking,including nutrition,clothing,budgeting and child care.家家政政Para.5 juniperdunp:杜松杜松door jamb:侧门壁侧门壁 gritsrt:白色熏谷粒白色熏谷粒 42Para 6 Doily:装饰性小垫装饰性小垫,小桌布小桌布 Doorknob:门
27、把手门把手 The liberty magazine 自由杂志自由杂志:Liberty was a weekly,general-interest magazine,originally priced at five cents and subtitled,A Weekly for Everybody.It ceased publication in 1950 and was revived in 1971.43Souffles:蛋奶酥蛋奶酥 舒芙蕾舒芙蕾 para.1044Para.12 Washington Irving School:it named after the American
28、 author Washington Irving(1783-1859)45 Born April 3,1783(1783-04-03)New York City Died November 28,1859(1859-11-28)(aged 76)Sunnyside,New York Occupation:Short story writer,essayist,biographer,magazine editor,diplomat Literary:Romanticism Washington Irving46 Slide Monkey bar Seesaw47Para.13 King of
29、the Mountain:a game in which each player attempts to climb to the top of a mound of earth and to prevent all others from pushing or pulling him/her off the top.山大王山大王 curbstone:街边石街边石 jackknife:大型折合式刀大型折合式刀 48 Laurel lrl=(antiquity)as an emblem of victory bloomer=underpants worn by women灯笼裤 Lorain j
30、ournal 洛雷周刊洛雷周刊 49Para.48Plait:Safety pin50Para.48 saloon slun:a bar where alcoholic drinks were sold in the western US in the past.酒吧酒吧 shotgun house:a long,narrow house with rooms arranged one behind the other.排房排房51Para.49 pew pju:a long wooden seat in the church教堂内的靠背长椅教堂内的靠背长椅clown:to act silly
31、小丑小丑dime store:five-and-ten-cent store where supposedly everything costs only a few cents.廉价商店廉价商店 girdle:dl:a piece of womens underwear which fits tightly around her stomach,bottom and hips and makes her look thinner.紧身衣紧身衣5253 P1 L4 glance off:擦过touch sth.with a light blow and move quickly off at
32、an angle,e.g.a.Every scolding that boy gets just seems to glance off him and not to change his behaviors at all.每次责骂对这个男孩似乎都不起作用，一点也没有改变他的品行。P2 L2 hymn:a song of praise to God.赞歌 P2 L2 sly:very clever in the way that you use tricks and dishonesty to get what you want.狡猾的，狡诈的。E.g.Sly smile/glance/win
33、k 诡秘的微笑/一瞥/眼色54 P2 L4 soak up:吸收，迅速地汲取draw in,absorb,e.g.a.With a memory that seemed phonographic,Mark Twain soaked up quickly and easily the colorful language the local people used.b.This device can soak up the heat of the sun and store it up for a considerable period of time.这种装置可以吸收太阳热并把它贮存相当长的一段
34、时间。c.If you air your quilt on such a wet day,itll soak up the moisture.如果在这么潮湿的天晒被子，被子就会把湿气都吸去。Soak up the sun(shine).沐日光浴。P3 L2 refinement:优雅 a quality of being refined,e.g.a man lack of refinement55P3 L3 soothe(1)to make someone feel calmer and less anxious,upset or angry.使平静 E.g.Rocking often soo
35、thes a crying baby.(2)to make a pain less severe.使（痛苦等）减轻，缓和 E.g.I bought some medicine to soothe my sore throat.56 P5 L3 Hang out to dry 在外晾干 P5 L6 Billow on hangers 在衣架上迎风招展 P5 L9 a dollop of 一块(食物)，一团(食物)E.g.She put a dollop of ice-cream in each bowl.她在每个碗里放了一团冰淇淋。57 P6 L2 inviolable:not to be vi
36、olated,dishonored.不可侵犯的 E.g.The people possess inviolable rights.人民享有不可侵犯的权利。.58 P6 L2 stand（keep）guard over（守卫）watch over,take care of,e.g.The dog stood guard over the gate to prevent any strangers getting into the barn.P6 L8 sparingly:节约的，贫弱的frugally,meagrely P7 L1 engage:从事attract the interest or
37、 attention,e.g.The faint footprints on the floor engaged the attention of the police.59P7 L8 Surfeit N.too much of sth,esp.of food and drink 过量,过度（尤指饮食）E.g.过量的油腻食物对你身体不好。A surfeit of rich food is bad for you.最近关于离婚的电视剧太多了。There has been a surfeit of plays about divorce on the television recently.V.s
38、b/oneself(with/on sth.)：provide sb/oneself with too much of sth.esp.food surfeit oneself with fruit 吃水果过多60 P8 L2 the soft hill of hair:similar expressions:the dark cave of a room;a mountain of waves/facts;a giant of the player;a fool of a man P8 L3 seep(into,through):渗透penetrate61 P11 L2 satiety:N.
39、the state of being satiated.E.g.学无止境。There is no satiety in study.P11 L4 bout:a period of time taken by some activity.一段（工作），一次（训练），一场（疾病）E.g.a bout of shopping62 P11 L4 see that:make sure,take care,e.g.a.Every night before going to bed,she would go and see that the back door was locked.b.Well see t
40、hat all children in the village can go to school.c.See to it that your expenditure is in proportion to your income.要注意使你的支出与收入相称。P11 L8 abuse:虐待 treat cruelly P12 L3 covet:觊觎 e.g.covet for popularity.It is a sin to covet.63P12 telltale adj.revealing what is meant to be kept a secret.泄露秘密的。E.g.the te
41、lltale scars of injecting heroin.注射过海洛因的明显疤痕。N.a sign.迹象 One who informs on another;a talebearer.告密者;搬弄是非的人;(英)打小报告者。64 P12 L5 stick around:逗留not go away,stay in a place for a a period of time P12 L13 telltale:搬弄是非，泄露机密的that make a fact known,esp.an unpleasant one,e.g.a.Tom was given away by the tel
42、ltale cigarette ash on the carpet.b.I could see from the telltale look in her eyes that she loved him.65 P13 pick on:to blame someone for something,esp.unfairly.E.g.为什么老板总是找我的岔？Why does the boss always pick on me?66 pick out 1.取出,去掉 The child refuses to eat this fruit without first picking out the s
43、tones.不把果核取出来,那个小孩就不会吃这水果。2.挑选,选择;选拔 They have picked out the best items on the menu.他们从菜单上选出最好的菜。3.分辨出 He picked out a friends face in the crowd.他在人群中认出了一位朋友的脸。4.了解;领会 I picked out the meaning of the passage.我领会了这段文章的含义。67 pick up 1.拾起,捡起;抬起 I would have picked it up if I had noticed it.我如果看见的话,我早就
44、把它拣起来了。2.使搭乘 Please wait at the school gate.John will pick you up there.请在校门口等候,约翰会到那里接你。3.染上 He must have picked up a coldhes begun to snuffle.他开始鼻塞,一定是感冒了。4.好转;恢复 He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital.他自出院以来,身体恢复得很慢68 P14 L1 When the mood struck him:strike:to cause to happen sudden
45、ly P15 L1 alternately:轮流的e.g.The play is alternately sombre and comical.P15 L4 at recess:休息时间 a short pause between the classes;a pause for rest during the working day or year.e.g.a.a ten-minute recess b.The children played hide-and seek at recess.69 P15 alternate：adj.(of two things)happening or fol
46、lowing one after the other（指两种事物）交替的,轮流的:E.g.a pattern of alternate circles and squares 圆形与方形相间的图案 alternate triumph and despair 交替而来的得意与失意.70P36 L1 clutch（1）seize(sb./sth.)eagerly E.g.He clutched the rope we threw to him.（2）hold(sb./sth.)tightly in the hand(s)E.g.玛丽把洋娃娃抱在怀里.Mary was clutching her d
47、oll to her chest.clutch at a straw/straws 临危极力抓住渺茫的机会逃脱、救人等.clutch at sth.试图抓住某事物71P48 L3 hair matted,缠结where the plaits had come undone:hair twisted in a thick mass where the plaits had become loose.P48 unabashed:not embarrassed,not ashamed P49 L3 a dime store:a store where cheap articles are sold
48、廉价杂货铺Words and expressions in paras.1353(4)7273 paragraph 2,line 1Meridian.The sound of it opens the windows of a room like the first four notes of a hymn.默里迪恩,这声音听上去就像圣歌的头四个音符那样让人豁然开朗。hymn：赞美诗；圣歌74paragraph 3,line 1they go to land-grant colleges,normal school,and learn how to do the white mans work
49、 with refinement:home economics to prepare his food;teacher education to instruct black children in obedience;music to soothe the weary master and entertain his blunted soul.他们就度于政府拔地建造的大学以及师范学院.他们学习如何把服务白人的工作做得更细致:学家政是为了给他们烧饭做菜;学当老师是为了教育黑人孩子顺从;学音乐是为了让疲惫的主人身心放松,为他那已麻木的灵魂提供消遣.note:1.grant colleges an
50、d universities were originally founded as of the 1860s by such government land grants on condition that they offer instruction in agriculture and the mechanical arts.They are now supported by the individual States and they cost less than the more prestigious private colleges.2.home economics:a scien
