1、The old man and the seaErnest HemingwayErnest HemingwayWhen he was youngWhen he was oldErnest Miller Hemingway（欧内斯特米勒尔海明威）was born on July 21,1899,in Oak Park,Illinois,a suburb of Chicago.His childhood was happy and free because he spent most of time in farm.After graduating from high school,18 year
2、s old,he worked for Kansas City Star(堪城星报).During that time,he got great training which benefited him all his following life.In 1918,Hemingway quit his job of reporter and applied to join in the army in order to get the information of the war in time.Due to his poor eyesight,he became an ambulance d
3、river.During this period,he was shocked by the cruel scene.Later,his famous novel A Farewell to Arms was inspired by his precious experience.Hemingway seemed interested in army and war because he not only joined the World War,but also joined the World War,and even was selected as a spy.After the war
4、,he became gradually non compos mentis.Unfortunately,he killed himself in 1961,aging 62 years old.His famous worksTypenameTimeNovelThe Sun Also Rises太阳照常升起1926A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器1929For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣1940The Old Man and the Sea老人与海1952The old man and the sea The Old Man and the Sea i
5、s a novel written in 1951 in Bimini,Bahamas,and published in 1952.It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime.The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to the awa
6、rding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954.The characters The hero Name:Santiago an aging fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.The characters The supporting character Name:Manolin A little warm-hearted boy who always helps and companies the old man.
7、The boy respects the old man very much and is extremely willing to go out to the sea with the old man,but his father isnt.The plot Background The novel starts by telling the reader that Santiago has gone 84 days without catching a fish,considered“salao”,the worst form of unluckiness(倒了血霉）.He is so u
8、nlucky that his young apprentice,Manolin,has been forbidden by his parents to sail with him and been told to,instead,fish with successful fishermen.The plotHard processOn the eighty-fifth day of his unlucky streak,Santiago takes his skiff into the Gulf Stream,sets his lines and,by noon,has his bait
9、taken by a big fish that he is sure is a marlin.Unable to pull in the great marlin,Santiago is instead pulled by the marlin.Two days and nights pass with Santiago holding the line.Though wounded by the struggle and in pain,Santiago expresses a compassionate appreciation for his adversary,often refer
10、ring to him as a brother.He also determines that because of the fishs great dignity,no one shall deserve to eat the marlin.On the third day,the fish begins to circle the skiff.Santiago,worn out and almost delirious,uses all his remaining strength to pull the fish onto its side and stab the marlin wi
11、th a harpoon.In the end,the old man successfully caught the big and strong marlin.However Finally reaching the shore before dawn on the next day,Santiago struggles to his shack,carrying the heavy mast on his shoulder.Once home,he slumps onto his bed and falls into a deep sleep.Other fishermen are sh
12、ocked when they see such a long and big marlin,even it only remaining its backbone,its tail and its head.Theme A man is not made for defeat,a man can be destroyed but not defeated.一个人并不是生来就要被打败的，人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败！Through Santiago,Hemingway expresses his idea:A person must have the determination to suc
13、cess,not easily surrendering himself to tribulations.Theme Although the old man failed in taking the big marlin home,he is still a successful and experienced fisherman.His bravery,which is also the key word of this novel,makes almost all of the readers sigh with emotion.iceberg theory(冰山理论)the write
14、r includes in the text only a small portion of what he knows,leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing.This type of writing lends itself naturally to a version of dream-interpretation.If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing
15、 about he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action.Characteristics(写作特色
16、)Plain structure and plotlOnly one hero:SantiagolSimple personality of hero:brave,dogged(顽强的),with inflexible will,hale and hearty(老当益壮的)Avoid too many descriptions and use simple but accurate words.Vivid description of Santiagos actions to make readers be personally on the sceneThank you for listening
