1、Long sentences主谓结构主谓结构 LucysubjectThe primary reason was skepticism that a railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundred
2、s of times greater than at the Earths surface,the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron,but unfortunately,under the semiarid climatic condition
3、s that presently exist in the region,rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal,amounting to about half a centimeter a year.Immediately adjacent to the timberline,the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs,herbs,and grasses,while higher up the number and diversity of specie
4、s decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion.In 1972 paleontologists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge challenged conventional wisdom with an opposing viewpoint,the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis,which posits that species give rise to
5、 new species in relatively sudden bursts,without a lengthy transition period.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth,Donald Barthelme,and Thomas Pynchon,Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her in
6、sistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.Aside from some small-scale gullies(channels)found since2000,which are inconclusive,astronomers have no direct evidence for liquid water anywhere on the surface of Mars today,and the amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere is tiny.Pr
7、edicative VerbThe images produced by the camera obscura,a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper,were already familiarthe device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detail
8、ed views of the city of Venice.When broken open,Allende stones are revealed to contain an assortment of small,distinctive objects,spherical or irregular in shape and embedded in a dark gray matrix(binding material),which were once constituents of the solar nebula-the interstellar cloud of gas and du
9、st out of which our solar system was formed.The first people traveled in the dusty trails of the animals they hunted,and they brought with them not only their families,weapons,and tools but also a broad metaphysical understanding,sprung from dreams and visions and articulated in myth and song,which
10、complemented their scientific and historical knowledge of the lives of animals and of people.Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earths surface，the deepocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as
11、the void of outer spaceImmediately adjacent to the timberline,the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs,herbs,and grasses,while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushio
12、n.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth,Donald Barthelme,and Thomas Pynchon,Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.This preference
13、for exogamy,Gutman suggests,may have derived from West African rules governing marriage,which,though they differed from one tribal group to another,all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.ReviewRome was not built in a day!be subjected to be affected byintense pressures强大的
14、压力强大的压力hostile environment不利的环境不利的环境遥控器遥控器remotebe adjacent to be next tomimetic模仿的模仿的 Translation Yuki Link Shirley William Totally without light/and subjected to intense pressures/hundreds of times greater than at the Earths surface，the deepocean bottom/is/a hostile environment/to humans/，in some
15、ways/as forbidding and remote as the void/of outer space主主 谓语（动词）谓语（动词）宾语宾语（表语）（表语）eg:He is a man with a sense of humor.1.Immediately adjacent to the timberline,the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs,herbs,and grasses,while higher up the number and diversity of species de
16、crease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion.苔原紧挨着树带界线，其中长满了低矮灌木，草本植物和草；物种的数量和多样性会随着（海拔）的升高而下降，直到剩下几乎光秃的土地，上面偶尔会长有苔藓、地衣和匍匐状垫状植物。In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth,Don
17、ald Barthelme,and Thomas Pynchon,Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction.3.Aside from some small-scale gullies(channels)found since2000,which are inconclusive,astronomers have no direct evidence for liquid w
18、ater anywhere on the surface of Mars today,and the amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere is tiny.除了在除了在2000年发现的一些小规模且无决定性作年发现的一些小规模且无决定性作用的沟渠之外，天文学家们现在还没有在火星用的沟渠之外，天文学家们现在还没有在火星表面的任何地方找到液态水存在的直接证据，表面的任何地方找到液态水存在的直接证据，而且火星大气中的水蒸气含量也很少。而且火星大气中的水蒸气含量也很少。4.The primary reason was skepticism tha
19、t a railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert，mountain，and semiarid plain could pay a profit5.The images produced by the camera obscura,a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper,were already
20、familiarthe device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice.(一）复杂修饰+插入语Long sentencesLucy1.Managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in
21、processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.2.Traditionally,pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen,so that the ult
22、imate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen that is actually used.3.Since large bees are not affected by the spraying of Matacil,these results add weight to the argument that spraying where the pollinators are sensitive to the pesticide used decreases plant
23、fecundity.4.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling it products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.5.The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earths surface and seriously
24、require explanation because，in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs,there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin,such as the Gulf of Mexico,the Black Sea,and perhaps the North Sea.6.The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the e
25、arth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents under the con
26、tinents.7.Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Black,Hispanics,and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.8.In addition,ma
27、ny ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing,and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.？Prediction主语+谓语动词谓语动词9.However,recen
28、t scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan,such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse,were not even typical of New England as a whole,but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massa
29、chusetts and Connecticut.主句的主语？谓语动词？2宾语从句的主语？1宾语从句的谓语动词？410.Open acknowledgement of the existence of womens oppression was too radical for the United States in the fifties,and Beauvoirs conclusion,that change in womens economic condition,though insufficient by itself,“remains the basic factor”in imp
30、roving womens situation,was particularly unacceptable.主语/谓语动词/宾语；主/系动词/表语and Beauvoirs conclusion that.that 引导什么从句？从句的谓语动词？4 TRANSLATION Beauvoirs.unacceptable?3 11.A long-held view of the history of the Engish colonies that became the United States has been that Englands policy toward these colonie
31、s before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy,dominated by expansionist militarist objectives,generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.主句的谓语动词？主句的谓语动词？4 that 引导的是什么从句？从句的主语？谓语动词？3and that.引导的从句的 主语？谓语动词？312.The best eviden
32、ce for the layered mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands,islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system,whose source,most geologists
33、contend,is the upper mantle.主句的主语？谓语动词？有几个从句？从句的类主句的主语？谓语动词？有几个从句？从句的类型？找出插入语。型？找出插入语。fact that.同位语从句的谓语动词？313.My point is that its central consciousness-its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on peoples lives-owes much to that earlier literary heritage,a heritage that,
34、in general,has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.找出同位语 插入语 My point is that.that 引导什么从句？从句的主语是？谓语动词是？14.As my own studies have advanced,I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the st
35、ructural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them.15.This preference for exogamy,Gutman suggests,may have derived from West African rules governing marriage,which,though they differed from one tribal group to another,all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.1 主句的主干？（主语+谓语动词）2 找出插入语3 governing marriage 是什么语法现象？4 which引导什么从句？从句的主语是？谓语动词是？5 prohibition against unions with close kin against的意思是？with的意思是？
